During pregnancy oestrogen level increases 30 times which 1relaxes var

During pregnancy oestrogen level increases 30 times which 1)relaxes various pelvic ligaments to accomodate gravid uterus 2)vasodilatation 3)affect metabolism 4)none of the above

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Based on Guyton and Hall's Textbook of Medical Physiology (the standard reference for this question):

Answer: 1) Relaxes various pelvic ligaments to accommodate the gravid uterus

Toward the end of pregnancy, placental estrogen production rises to about 30 times the mother's normal non-pregnant level. The textbook specifically states this massive rise in estrogen:

Relaxes the pelvic ligaments - the sacroiliac joints become limber and the symphysis pubis becomes elastic, allowing easier passage of the fetus through the birth canal
Causes enlargement of the uterus, breasts, and external genitalia (proliferative effects)
Affects fetal development, including cell reproduction rates in the early embryo

So option 1 is the specific, classically cited effect tied to this "30-fold rise" fact in Guyton's physiology - the ligament-relaxing/birth canal preparation effect is the textbook's signature association with that number.

Regarding the other options:

Vasodilatation and metabolic effects are real physiological actions of estrogen generally, but they are not the specific point Guyton links to the "30-times increase" statement - that specific quote is tied directly to pelvic ligament relaxation.
"None of the above" is incorrect since option 1 is textbook-correct.

Note: pelvic ligament/joint relaxation in pregnancy is often also attributed to relaxin and progesterone in other sources, but per Guyton and Hall (the reference most exam questions like this draw from), this specific effect is explicitly attributed to estrogen in the context of the 30-fold rise - Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, p. 1038.

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