Medical physiology diagram: Pulmonary vs Systemic Circulation comparison. Two parallel columns labeled "SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION" and "PULMONARY CIRCULATION". Show: Left heart (LV) pumps to systemic arteries (thick walls, small lumen, high pressure 120/80 mmHg, non-compliant), then to systemic capillaries, then systemic veins returning to right heart (RA). Right heart (RV) pumps to pulmonary arteries (thin walls, large lumen, low pressure 25/8 mmHg, compliant), then pulmonary capillaries for gas exchange at alveoli, then pulmonary veins returning to left heart (LA). Include labels for: cardiac output 5L/min both, blood volume 5-6L, HPV (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction), TPA (tissue plasminogen activator). Clean educational diagram on white background with color coding: blue for deoxygenated blood, red for oxygenated blood.

Medical physiology diagram: Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Ratio in the lung. Show a lung divided into three zones from apex to base. Zone 1 (apex): V/Q = infinity, dead space, Pa greater than Palv greater than Pv, no blood flow. Zone 2 (middle): V/Q = 0.8 (normal), Pa greater than Pv, good blood flow. Zone 3 (base): V/Q = 0.7, best perfusion due to gravity, higher flow. Show blood flow increasing from apex to base. Include graphs showing: V/Q ratio plotted against lung height, showing ratio decreases from apex to base. Show normal V/Q = 4.2/5 = 0.8. Show effect of asthma: V decreases, V/Q = 2/5 = 0.4. Include labels for West's Zones. Clean educational medical diagram on white background.

Medical physiology diagram: Hemoglobin-Oxygen Dissociation Curve. Show a classic sigmoid (S-shaped) curve with: X-axis = Partial Pressure of O2 (PO2) in mmHg (0-100), Y-axis = Hemoglobin Saturation % (0-100%). Mark key points: PO2=100mmHg at 97% sat (lungs), PO2=40mmHg at 75% sat (normal venous), PO2=40mmHg drops to 20mmHg releasing O2 to tissues. Show TWO curves with clear labels: CENTER curve = normal, RIGHT SHIFT curve (labeled Bohr effect) caused by increased CO2, increased H+, increased temperature, increased 2,3-BPG. LEFT SHIFT curve caused by opposite factors. Label flat upper portion as "loading zone" in lungs, steep middle portion as "unloading zone" in tissues. Clean educational diagram on white background with colored curves.

Medical physiology diagram: CO2 Transport in Blood. Show a red blood cell (RBC) in systemic capillary next to a tissue cell. Inside RBC: CO2 enters from tissue → CA enzyme (carbonic anhydrase) converts CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → HCO3- + H+. HCO3- leaves RBC via chloride shift (Cl- enters = Hamburger shift). H+ binds to Hb (deoxyhemoglobin = good H+ buffer). Some CO2 binds to Hb to form carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2 = 23%). Also show dissolved CO2 in plasma (7%). Show arrows for: 70% as bicarbonate (HCO3-), 23% as carbaminohemoglobin, 7% dissolved in plasma. Also show the reverse process at the lungs where CO2 is released. Include Bohr's effect label showing increased CO2 decreases O2 affinity of Hb. Clean educational diagram on white background.

Medical physiology diagram: Respiratory Membrane and Gas Diffusion. Show a cross-section of an alveolus and adjacent pulmonary capillary. Label all 6 layers of the respiratory membrane: 1) Alveolar fluid with surfactant, 2) Alveolar epithelium (type I cells), 3) Epithelial basement membrane, 4) Interstitial space, 5) Capillary basement membrane, 6) Capillary endothelium. Total thickness = 0.5 micrometers. Show O2 diffusing from alveolus (PO2=100mmHg) into blood (PO2=40mmHg). Show CO2 diffusing from blood (PCO2=46mmHg) into alveolus (PCO2=40mmHg). Label Fick's Law factors: pressure gradient, surface area, solubility, molecular weight, membrane thickness. Show RBC traveling through capillary. Clean educational diagram on white background with arrows.

Medical physiology master revision flowchart: Pulmonary Respiration overview. Title at top: "PULMONARY RESPIRATION - MASTER FLOWCHART". Show hierarchical flowchart with these main branches flowing downward: 1) PULMONARY CIRCULATION (functions: regulation of BP, gas exchange, converts plasminogen to plasmin, reservoir for blood, filters emboli) → compare systemic vs pulmonary vessels → HPV (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) → Physiological shunt → West's Zones. 2) VENTILATION (minute ventilation = RR×TV = 7-7.5L/min, alveolar ventilation = 4.2L/min, dead space = 150mL anatomical + alveolar dead space). 3) V/Q RATIO (normal 0.8 → abnormal: low = shunt, high = dead space → effect on gas exchange). 4) RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE → Fick's Law → Factors affecting diffusion. 5) O2 TRANSPORT (dissolved + HbO2, O2 content = 20.4mL/dL, Hb-O2 dissociation curve, Bohr effect). 6) CO2 TRANSPORT (70% bicarbonate, 23% carbamino, 7% dissolved, chloride shift, Bohr effect). Use color coding, arrows, and boxes. Clean white background.