Interpret
Reading File
Here is a detailed interpretation of this Liver Function Test (LFT) Extended report for a male patient:
Summary
| Test | Result | Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin Total | 1.13 mg/dL | 0.00–1.10 | 🔴 HIGH |
| Bilirubin Direct | 0.31 mg/dL | 0.00–0.30 | 🔴 HIGH |
| Bilirubin Indirect | 0.82 mg/dL | 0.00–0.90 | ✅ Normal |
| SGOT/AST | 39.10 U/L | 10–50 | ✅ Normal |
| SGPT/ALT | 131.49 U/L | 0–41 | 🔴 HIGH (3× ULN) |
| ALP | 156.79 U/L | 40–129 | 🔴 HIGH |
| GGT | 58.29 U/L | 8–61 | ✅ Normal (upper limit) |
| LDH | 267.76 U/L | 135–225 | 🔴 HIGH |
| Total Protein | 7.76 g/dL | 6.40–8.30 | ✅ Normal |
| Albumin | 4.97 g/dL | 3.97–4.94 | 🔴 Mildly HIGH |
| Globulin | 2.79 g/dL | 1.90–3.70 | ✅ Normal |
| A/G Ratio | 1.78 | 1.00–2.10 | ✅ Normal |
Key Findings & Interpretation
1. Hepatocellular Injury Pattern
SGPT/ALT is significantly elevated at 131.49 U/L (~3× the upper limit of normal). ALT is the most liver-specific transaminase, and this is the dominant abnormality here. SGOT/AST is normal, giving an AST:ALT ratio < 1 — this pattern is typical of:
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
- Viral hepatitis (hepatitis B or C)
- Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- Early or resolving hepatitis
In alcoholic liver disease, AST:ALT is typically > 2:1. Here it is ~0.3:1, making alcoholic etiology less likely.
2. Cholestatic Component
ALP is elevated at 156.79 U/L (above the 129 U/L upper limit). Combined with a mildly elevated direct bilirubin, this suggests a minor cholestatic (bile flow obstruction) component alongside the hepatocellular injury. GGT is at the upper boundary of normal (58.29), which is consistent with early biliary involvement or fatty liver.
3. Elevated LDH
LDH at 267.76 U/L is a non-specific marker elevated in any tissue injury (liver, muscle, red blood cells). In context, it reflects ongoing hepatocellular damage but warrants correlation with other findings.
4. Mild Hyperbilirubinemia
Total bilirubin is only marginally elevated (1.13 vs. upper limit 1.10), driven primarily by a slight rise in direct bilirubin. This is a minor finding but consistent with mild impaired bile excretion.
5. Albumin & Protein — Synthetic Function Preserved
Total protein (7.76) and albumin (4.97) are normal to slightly above range. This is reassuring — hepatic synthetic function is intact, meaning there is no evidence of liver failure or cirrhosis.
Clinical Pattern: Mixed Hepatocellular-Cholestatic Injury
The dominant picture is hepatocellular injury (driven by markedly elevated ALT) with a mild cholestatic overlay (elevated ALP and direct bilirubin).
Recommended Next Steps
- Viral hepatitis serology: HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HAV IgM
- Ultrasound abdomen: To assess for fatty liver, biliary dilatation, gallstones, or space-occupying lesion
- Review medications: Many drugs (paracetamol, statins, antitubercular drugs, herbal supplements) cause elevated ALT
- Fasting lipid profile + blood glucose / HbA1c: To screen for metabolic syndrome / NAFLD
- Repeat LFTs in 4–6 weeks after addressing any identifiable cause
- If no cause found: consider anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) to rule out autoimmune hepatitis
⚠️ This is an automated lab interpretation for informational purposes. Please consult a gastroenterologist or hepatologist for clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and management.
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