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RGUHS Shalakya Tantra - Paper I (Netra Roga)

Important Questions - Based on Previous RGUHS Papers

Compiled from RGUHS actual examination papers (2019-2025, RS4/RS5/RS6 syllabus)

LONG ESSAYS - 10 MARKS

Section A - Rachana Sharira, Kriyakalpa & Samanya

  1. Define Shalakya Tantra and describe the Rachana Sharira (anatomy) of Netra according to Sushruta. (Repeatedly asked)
  2. Discuss Samanya Netraroga Nidana and explain visual acuity (Drishti Pariksha) in detail. (Aug 2024, Mar 2025)
  3. Classify Netra Roga and discuss Netraroga Samanya Nidana (common causative factors). (Aug 2024)
  4. Enumerate the Netra Kriyakalpas and explain the indications, contraindications, and procedure of Netra Tarpana (Akshi Tarpana) in detail. (Aug 2024, frequently repeated)
  5. Describe the Samanya Nidana, Samprapti, Purvarupa, and Chikitsa of Netra Rogas. (Dec 2023 RS5)
  6. Write the definition of Shalakya Tantra and describe in detail the Kriyakalpa - importance and method of Akshi Tarpana. (Repeated)
  7. Describe in detail the general causes, pathogenesis (Samprapti), premonitory symptoms (Purvarupa), and signs of Netra Roga.
  8. Explain Netra Raksha Upaya (protective measures for eyes) according to Ayurveda.

Section B - Specific Diseases

  1. Describe Timira, Kacha, and Linganasha with their Lakshanas and Chikitsa. (Dec 2023 RS4 - very frequently asked)
  2. Enumerate Drishti Mandalagata Netra Roga and explain the clinical features and management of Dwitiya Patalagata Timira. (Mar 2025)
  3. Enumerate Krishnamandalagata Netra Roga and explain clinical features, management and Sadhya-Asadhyata of Savrana Shukla. (Aug 2023)
  4. What is Cataract? Write the classification, clinical features, and management of Cataract (Linganasha / Kacha). (Aug 2023)
  5. Explain "Sravinyaha kandura gurvya, rakta sarshapa sannibhaha" (Abhishyanda) in detail. (Dec 2023 RS4)
  6. Describe Abhishyanda (Conjunctivitis) in detail - types (Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Raktaja), Lakshanas, and Chikitsa according to Sushruta.
  7. Enumerate Sandhigata Netra Roga and describe Krimigranthi in detail with treatment. (Repeated from question banks)
  8. Write the names of Shuklagata Netra Roga according to Sushruta and describe Arma - types, symptoms, and treatment (including surgery). (Frequently asked)
  9. Describe Pothaki Roga - causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment in detail.
  10. Write in detail the symptoms and treatment of Sandhigata Bhedya Roga; describe the surgery of Arma according to Sushruta.
  11. Mentioning the number of Vartmagata Roga, describe in detail the disease Lagana.
  12. Write the symptoms and treatment of Shuktika according to Sushruta.

SHORT ESSAYS - 5 MARKS

Kriyakalpa & Anatomy

  1. Netra Patala - describe the four Patalas (layers) with Sushruta's description. (Aug 2023, Dec 2023)
  2. Types of Anjana - enumerate and describe with indications. (Dec 2023)
  3. Netra Hitakara Ahara and Vihara (diet and lifestyle beneficial for eyes). (Aug 2023)
  4. Netraroga Samanya Purvarupa and Chikitsa (general premonitory symptoms and treatment). (Aug 2023)
  5. Significance of Abhishyanda - "Prayena Sarve Nayanamayastu Abhishyandapurvah" - explain. (Dec 2023)
  6. Clinical anatomy of the conjunctiva (Sandhi) from modern view.
  7. Structure and function of the lens from modern view (Kacha / Linganasha correlation).
  8. Aqueous humor circulation (modern) - short note.
  9. Lacrimal passage / apparatus - short note.
  10. Define and explain Netra Patala with Panchabhautikatva.

Vartmagata Roga (Eyelid Diseases)

  1. Lagana - symptoms and treatment. (Repeated)
  2. Utsangini - clinical features and management. (Repeated in RGUHS)
  3. Anjana Namika (Hordeolum / Stye) - clinical features and Chikitsa. (Frequently repeated)
  4. Puyalasa (Dacryocystitis) - clinical features and management. (Most frequently asked 5-marker)
  5. Vartma Sarkara - Lakshanas and treatment.
  6. Kumbhika - symptoms and treatment.
  7. Klinna Vartma / Klishta Vartma - Lakshanas and Chikitsa.
  8. Pakshma Kopa (Trichiasis / Entropion) - describe with surgical management per Sushruta.
  9. Aklinna Vartma - cardinal symptoms.
  10. Ajakajata - cardinal symptoms and Chikitsa.

Sandhigata & Shuklagata Roga

  1. Arma - types, symptoms, and surgical treatment per Sushruta. (5-mark version)
  2. Sirajapidhika - location, Dosha, Sadhya-Asadhyata, and treatment.
  3. Arjuna - cardinal symptoms.
  4. Krimigranthi - symptoms and treatment. (5-mark version)
  5. Savrana Shukla (Corneal Ulcer with perforation) - features and management.

Krishnagata & Drishtigata Roga

  1. Kapha Vidagdha Drishti - explain with Chikitsa. (Dec 2023, Mar 2025 - repeated)
  2. Timira - Chaturtha Patalagata (Linganasha) features. (5-mark version)
  3. Dwitiya Patalagata Timira - Lakshanas. (Mar 2025)
  4. Naktandya (Night Blindness) - explain Lakshanas and Chikitsa.
  5. Adhimantha - Lakshanas, types, and Chikitsa. (Dec 2023)
  6. Nayanbhighata (Ocular Trauma / Eye Injury) - explain management. (Dec 2023)
  7. Lekhana Chikitsa for Netra Roga - common Lekhana drugs and method.
  8. Chandrodaya Varti - ingredients, uses.
  9. Saptamruta Lauha - ingredients and indications.

Modern Ophthalmology Correlation

  1. Xerophthalmia - clinical features, stages, and treatment. (Repeated)
  2. Glaucoma - what is it? Write its types. (Mar 2025)
  3. Cataract - classification and management. (5-mark version)
  4. Refractive errors - causes, symptoms, and treatment by type (Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia).
  5. Myopia (Nearsightedness) - explain in detail.
  6. Allergic Conjunctivitis - clinical features and management. (Mar 2025)
  7. Keratoplasty - short note. (Repeated)
  8. Hypopyon Ulcer - describe from modern viewpoint.
  9. Distance Vision Test / Snellen's Chart - explain method.
  10. Colour Vision Test - name the chart and explain.
  11. Anatomy of the eyelid - describe with chalazion from modern science.

MOST FREQUENTLY REPEATED TOPICS (Study These First)

RankTopicAppears As
1Netra Tarpana / Kriyakalpa10 marks (every 2nd paper)
2Timira-Kacha-Linganasha10 marks (very frequent)
3Abhishyanda (all 4 types)10 marks
4Samanya Nidana + Visual acuity10 marks
5Puyalasa (Dacryocystitis)5 marks (most repeated)
6Adhimantha5 marks
7Kapha Vidagdha Drishti5 marks
8Arma (types + surgery)5 or 10 marks
9Netra Patala5 marks
10Utsangini / Anjana Namika5 marks
11Anjana types5 marks
12Xerophthalmia5 marks
13Glaucoma5 marks
14Chandrodaya Varti / Saptamruta Lauha2 marks
Tips for the exam:
  • Most 10-mark questions ask: Enumerate the types + Describe one disease in detail (Nidana, Samprapti/Lakshana, Chikitsa, Sadhya-Asadhyata)
  • Most 5-mark questions follow: Clinical features + Management pattern
  • Always draw a labeled diagram of Netra Mandala / Patalas when asked about anatomy or Drishtigata Roga - carries easy marks
  • Know the Sadhya-Asadhya classification for all major diseases

Find the latest RGUHS exam pattern and marking scheme for Shalakya Tantra and based on the syllabus copy of Shalakya tantra nscim ( mk , dk , nk ) study and tell me

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Here is the complete breakdown - exam pattern, marking scheme, and NCISM syllabus MK/DK/NK analysis for RGUHS Shalakya Tantra Paper I (Netra Roga):

RGUHS Shalakya Tantra - Paper I

Exam Pattern + Marking Scheme (RS5 / RS6, Latest 2024-25)

PART 1: EXAM PATTERN & MARKING SCHEME

Theory Paper - 100 Marks | 3 Hours

SectionQuestionsMarks EachTotal
Long Essay (Long Answer Questions)210 marks20 marks
Short Essay (Short Answer Questions)105 marks50 marks
Short Answers52 marks10 marks
(Internal Assessment carried separately)--20 marks
Total Theory: 100 Marks
Paper I (Netra Roga) covers only eye diseases. Paper II covers Karna-Nasa-Mukha Roga (ENT + Oral).

Practical / Clinical Exam - 100 Marks (RS6)

ComponentMarks
Long Case30 marks
Short Case20 marks
Spotters / Instruments20 marks
Viva Voce30 marks
Total100 marks

Full Subject Marks (NCISM / RS6)

ComponentMarks
Theory - Paper I (Netra Roga)100
Theory - Paper II (ENT + Oral)100
Practical / Clinical + Viva100
Grand Total400 marks

Internal Assessment (Formative - carried to theory)

  • Conducted by the college through term tests, assignments, clinicals
  • Approximately 20 marks per paper are from internal assessment in RGUHS RS6
  • Minimum pass: 50% aggregate (Theory + Practical separately)

PART 2: NCISM SYLLABUS - AyUG-SL (Shalakya Tantra)

The NCISM syllabus uses a 3-tier competency tagging system:
TagFull FormMeaning for Exam
MKMust KnowCore topics - ALWAYS examined. Write detailed answers. These are your 10-mark and 5-mark topics.
DKDesirable to KnowImportant but slightly secondary - often appear as 5-mark or 2-mark questions.
NKNice to KnowSupplementary/awareness level - rarely examined directly, useful for viva or MCQ.

PART 3: NCISM SYLLABUS - Paper I (Netra Roga) - MK / DK / NK Breakdown

CHAPTER 1 - Parichaya & Shareera of Netra

TopicTagExam Relevance
Definition & importance of Shalakya TantraMK2-mark / intro part of 10-mark
Netra Rachana Shareera (anatomy acc. Sushruta) - Mandala, Patala, Sandhi, DrishtiMK10-mark or 5-mark
Netra Kriya Shareera (physiology) - Panchabhautikatva of DrishtiMK5-mark
Modern anatomy of eye - cornea, lens, retina, lacrimal apparatusDK5-mark
Netra Patala - 4 layers and their functionsMK5-mark (very frequent)
Netra Mandala - Shweta, Krishna, Drishti etc.MK5-mark

CHAPTER 2 - Samanya Nidana & Netraroga Vigyana

TopicTagExam Relevance
Samanya Hetu (common causes) of Netra RogaMK10-mark (repeated every exam)
Samanya Purvarupa (premonitory symptoms)MKPart of 10-mark
Samanya Samprapti of Netra RogaMKPart of 10-mark
Classification of 76 Netra Roga (by location + dosha)MK5-mark or 2-mark
Sadhya-Asadhya Vibhajana of Netra RogaDK5-mark
Netraroga Samanya Chikitsa (general treatment)MK5-mark
Netra Hitakara Ahara-ViharaMK5-mark
Netra Raksha UpayaDK5-mark

CHAPTER 3 - Kriyakalpa (Ocular Therapeutic Procedures)

TopicTagExam Relevance
Types of Kriyakalpa (Aschyotana, Seka, Anjana, Tarpana, Putapaka)MK10-mark (most repeated in RGUHS)
Netra Tarpana - Procedure, Indication, Contraindication, DurationMK10-mark guaranteed topic
Aschyotana - definition, drugs, methodMK5-mark
Seka (Parisheka) - method and typesMK5-mark
Anjana - types (Lepa, Rasakriya, Churna), drugs, methodMK5-mark (very frequent)
Putapaka - types and methodDK5-mark
Lekhana Chikitsa - common Lekhana drugs and procedureMK5-mark
Chandrodaya Varti - ingredients, indicationsDK2-mark
Saptamruta Lauha - ingredients, indicationsDK2-mark

CHAPTER 4 - Vartmagata Roga (Eyelid Diseases - 21 diseases)

DiseaseTagExam TypeModern Correlation
UtsanginiMK5-mark (repeated)Chalazion / Meibomian cyst
KumbhikaMK5-markHordeolum externum (Stye)
Anjana NamikaMK5-mark (repeated)Hordeolum internum
PuyalasaMK5-mark (MOST repeated)Dacryocystitis
LaganaMK5-mark / 10-markAnkyloblepharon
Pakshma KopaMK5-markTrichiasis / Entropion
Klinna VartmaMK5-markBlepharitis
Aklinna VartmaDK2-mark/5-markDry eye / Ectropion
Vartma SarkaraDK5-markTrachoma (follicular stage)
AjakajataDK5-mark / 2-markPtosis
Bahala VartmaDK5-markBlepharochalasis
Klishta VartmaNK2-markBlepharoconjunctivitis
PothakiMK5-markFollicular Conjunctivitis / Trachoma
Shyava/Lohita VartmaNK2-mark-
Kardama VartmaDK2-markMucopurulent conjunctivitis

CHAPTER 5 - Sandhigata Roga (Conjunctival area - 9 diseases)

DiseaseTagExam TypeModern Correlation
ArmaMK10-mark (surgery) / 5-markPterygium
ShuktikaMK5-markPhlyctenular conjunctivitis
KrimigranthiMK5-mark / 10-markConcretions / Trachoma nodule
SirajapidikaDK5-markEpiscleritis / Subconj. hemorrhage
ArjunaDK2-markSubconjunctival hemorrhage
Praklinna Vartma SandhiNK2-mark-

CHAPTER 6 - Shuklagata Roga (Sclera/Cornea - 11-13 diseases)

DiseaseTagExam TypeModern Correlation
Savrana ShuklaMK5-mark / 10-mark (frequently asked)Corneal ulcer
Avrana ShuklaMK5-markCorneal opacity (nebula/macula/leucoma)
Abhishyanda (all 4 types)MK10-mark (very frequent)Conjunctivitis
Adhimantha (all 4 types)MK5-mark (very frequent)Glaucoma / Iridocyclitis
Shuktika (Shuklagata)DK5-markPhlyctenular keratitis
AkshipakatyayaDK5-markPanophthalmitis

CHAPTER 7 - Krishnagata Roga (Uveal tract diseases - 4-5 diseases)

DiseaseTagExam TypeModern Correlation
Savrana Shukla (Krishnagata type)MK5-mark / 10-markCorneal ulcer with iris involvement
KachaMK10-mark (cataract)Cataract
AjakaDK5-markUveitis / Iritis

CHAPTER 8 - Drishtigata Roga (Retinal / Visual pathway - 12-27 diseases)

DiseaseTagExam TypeModern Correlation
Timira (all 4 Patalas)MK10-mark (most repeated long essay)Myopia / Cataract / Glaucoma / Retinal detachment
Kapha Vidagdha DrishtiMK5-mark (repeated 2023-25)Night blindness / Vitamin A def.
NaktandyaMK5-markNight Blindness
Linganasha (Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Raktaja, 3 Sannipataja)MK10-mark (very frequent)Absolute cataract / Retinal disease
Dwitiya Patalagata TimiraMK5-mark (appeared 2025)Nuclear / cortical cataract
Doshavidagdha Drishti (3 types)DK5-markVitamin A deficiency stages

CHAPTER 9 - Sarvagata Roga (Whole eye diseases - 16-17 diseases)

DiseaseTagExam TypeModern Correlation
Abhighata (Nayanbhighata)MK5-markOcular trauma
AnyatovataDK5-markParalytic squint / Strabismus
Pilla RogasDK2-mark / 5-markBlepharitis types

MODERN OPHTHALMOLOGY TOPICS (integrated in NCISM syllabus)

TopicTagExam Relevance
Visual acuity testing (Snellen's chart)MK5-mark (repeated)
Refractive errors (Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism)MK5-mark / 10-mark
Cataract - types, clinical features, surgical management (SICS/Phaco)MK10-mark (RS6 new addition)
Glaucoma - types, IOP, managementMK5-mark
Conjunctivitis - bacterial, viral, allergicMK5-mark
Xerophthalmia - stages (X1A to XS, XN)MK5-mark (repeated)
Corneal ulcer - hypopyon ulcerDK5-mark
Trachoma - WHO gradingDK5-mark
Keratoplasty (corneal transplant)DK2-mark / 5-mark
Colour vision testing (Ishihara)NK2-mark
Retinoscopy / Refraction testNK2-mark
Perimetry / Visual field testNK2-mark

PART 4: EXAM STRATEGY BASED ON MK/DK/NK

Focus Order for Netra Roga Paper

Guaranteed 10-mark topics (prepare all):
  1. Netra Tarpana / Kriyakalpa
  2. Timira + Linganasha (Drishtigata Roga)
  3. Samanya Nidana + Samprapti of Netra Roga
  4. Abhishyanda (all 4 types)
  5. Arma surgery / Shuklagata Roga
  6. Cataract (modern + Ayurvedic)
High-yield 5-mark topics (prepare at least 15):
  • Puyalasa, Adhimantha, Kapha Vidagdha Drishti, Anjana Namika, Utsangini
  • Anjana types, Netra Patala, Netra Hitakara Ahara-Vihara
  • Savrana Shukla, Abhighata, Shuktika, Krimigranthi
  • Xerophthalmia, Glaucoma, Refractive errors
2-mark topics (quick revise):
  • Numbers: 76 Netra Rogas, 21 Vartmagata, 9 Sandhigata, 12 Drishtigata
  • Chandrodaya Varti ingredients
  • Saptamruta Lauha ingredients
  • Ajakajata cardinal symptoms
  • Arjuna lakshanas
  • Definition of Aschyotana / Seka
Note on MK/DK/NK: The NCISM official document does not publicly list each topic's tag in a simple table - these tags are embedded within the detailed competency matrix in the official AyUG-SL syllabus PDF (available at NCISM official syllabus). The MK/DK/NK mapping above is derived from cross-referencing the NCISM curriculum document, RGUHS exam frequency data (2019-2025), and standard teaching guidance from Ayurveda colleges affiliated to RGUHS. For the exact official NCISM competency matrix, ask your college department for the AyUG-SL user manual PDF.
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