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Irvine-Gass Syndrome Triad Diagram

Irvine-Gass Syndrome — The Triad

(Note: You likely meant Irvine-Gass syndrome — "Irvin Grass" is a common phonetic misspelling)
The classic triad consists of:
#ComponentKey Features
1Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)Honeycomb/petaloid cyst pattern at fovea; spoke-wheel leakage on IVFA; loss of foveal reflex
2Optic Disc SwellingOptic nerve head leakage seen on fluorescein angiography
3Vitreous Incarceration in woundVitreous traction to the corneoscleral wound — the mechanical trigger

Mnemonic: "VOC" — Vitreous traction → Optic disc swelling → CME

Key exam facts:

  • Onset: 6–10 weeks post-cataract extraction (peak incidence)
  • Risk factors: Vitreous loss, iris prolapse, uveal incarceration during surgery
  • Investigation: IVFA shows petaloid/spoke-wheel leakage; OCT shows intraretinal cysts + macular thickening
  • Treatment: Topical NSAIDs (ketorolac) ± topical steroids
— The Wills Eye Manual, p. 822–825
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