Classification of dyspepsia and differences between the functional and organic forms. The main reasons for the development of dyspeptic syndrome. Diagnostic criteria for gastric dyspepsia. Diagnostic criteria for intestinal dyspepsia. Diagnostic criteria for pancreatic dyspepsia. Diagnostic criteria for hepatic dyspepsia. Diagnostic criteria for biliary dyspensia The main aggressive and protective factors of the gastric mucosa. Diagnostic criteria for chronic cholecystitis. Diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis. Diagnostic criteria for enteritis. or Diagnostic criteria for colitis. Differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing pancreatitis. Complications of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Basic methods of instrumental diagnostics of peptic ulcer disease. Basic approaches to the treatment of gastric dyspepsia. Basic approaches to the treatment of intestinal dyspepsia. Principles of treatment of dyspeptic syndrome in pancreatitis and cholecystitis.
Quick Navigation Guide
| # | Topic | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Classification of dyspepsia | Uninvestigated → Organic vs. Functional; Rome IV (PDS/EPS) |
| 2 | Causes of dyspeptic syndrome | PUD, GERD, cancer, biliary/pancreatic, drugs, H. pylori; functional mechanisms |
| 3 | Gastric dyspepsia criteria | Rome IV: postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain/burning ≥6 months |
| 4 | Intestinal dyspepsia criteria | Lower abdominal bloating, altered bowel habits, flatulence, steatorrhea |
| 5 | Pancreatic dyspepsia criteria | Back-radiating pain, steatorrhea, weight loss, postprandial aggravation, new DM |
| 6 | Hepatic dyspepsia criteria | RUQ heaviness, anorexia, fat intolerance, jaundice, signs of liver disease |
| 7 | Biliary dyspepsia criteria | Episodic RUQ biliary colic, fat intolerance, nausea, Murphy's sign |
| 8 | Aggressive vs. protective factors | HCl/pepsin/H. pylori/NSAIDs vs. mucus/bicarbonate/prostaglandins/blood flow |
| 9 | Chronic cholecystitis | Recurrent biliary colic, US showing stones + thickening, HIDA ejection fraction |
| 10 | Chronic pancreatitis | Pain + steatorrhea + DM; calcifications/ductal changes on CT; ↓ fecal elastase |
| 11 | Enteritis criteria | Periumbilical pain, watery diarrhea, malabsorption; biopsy for definitive diagnosis |
| 12 | Colitis criteria | Bloody mucoid diarrhea, tenesmus, elevated CRP/fecal calprotectin; colonoscopy |
| 13 | Crohn's vs. UC | Skip lesions/transmural/ileocolonic/fistulas vs. continuous/mucosal/rectal/bloody |
| 14 | Pancreatitis diagnostics | Lipase ≥3×ULN, CT severity index, MRCP, EUS (Rosemont), fecal elastase |
| 15 | PUD complications | Hemorrhage, perforation, penetration, obstruction, malignant transformation |
| 16 | PUD instrumental diagnosis | EGD (gold standard), barium series, H. pylori tests, CT, gastrin/pH-metry |
| 17 | Treatment of gastric dyspepsia | Test-and-treat H. pylori; PPI (EPS); prokinetics (PDS); TCAs; CBT |
| 18 | Treatment of intestinal dyspepsia | Target cause (diet/gluten-free/antibiotics/enzymes); antispasmodics, probiotics |
| 19 | Treatment in pancreatitis/cholecystitis | PERT + PPI; analgesics; alcohol cessation; UDCA; cholecystectomy; low-fat diet |
83. Classification of cardialgia depending on their origin. 84.Differential diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic chest pain. 85. Differences in the clinical picture of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic chest pain. 86. Classification of coronary heart disease according to WHO. 87. Characteristics of pain syndrome in ischemic heart disease. 88. Differential diagnosis of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. 89. The main symptoms of cardiogenic pain in pericarditis. 90. The role of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the development of cardialgia. 91.Principles of treatment of cardiogenic chest pain in acute conditions. 92.Classification of non-cardiogenic chest pain. 93.Causes of non-cardiogenic chest pain associated with lung diseases. 94. The nature of pain in acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. 95.Signs and symptoms of non-cardiogenic chest pain in neurological pathologies. 96.The role of osteochondrosis in the occurrence of non-cardiogenic chest pain. 97.Neurocirculatory dystonia. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics. 98.Treatment of non-cardiogenic chest pain in gastroesophageal reflux disease 99.Diagnostic methods for cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic chest pain. 100. Laboratory diagnostics of myocardial infarction. 101. Instrumental diagnostics of myocardial infarction. ECG signs. 102. Principles of treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Quick Reference Index
| # | Topic | Key Concept |
|---|---|---|
| 83 | Classification of cardialgia | Ischemic coronary / Non-ischemic cardiogenic / Non-cardiogenic |
| 84 | DD: cardiogenic vs non-cardiogenic | ECG, troponin, provocation, quality, response to GTN |
| 85 | Clinical differences | Levine sign, pressure/radiation/diaphoresis vs. sharp/pleuritic/positional |
| 86 | WHO IHD classification | Stable angina, ACS (STEMI/NSTEMI), post-MI, silent ischemia, sudden death |
| 87 | IHD pain characteristics | 4 features: character, site, provocation, duration; CCS classes I–IV |
| 88 | Angina vs. MI | Duration, troponin, ECG changes, relief by GTN, autonomic features |
| 89 | Pericarditis pain | Sharp, pleuritic, trapezius radiation, better sitting forward, friction rub |
| 90 | HCM cardialgia | Subendocardial ischemia, LVOT obstruction, microvascular disease |
| 91 | Acute cardiogenic pain treatment | MONA + antiplatelet + reperfusion (primary PCI/thrombolysis) |
| 92 | Non-cardiogenic chest pain classification | Pulmonary / GI / Musculoskeletal / Neurological / Psychogenic |
| 93 | Lung disease chest pain | Pleuritis, PE, pneumothorax, pneumonia, pulmonary HTN |
| 94 | GI pain in chest | GERD (burning), esophageal spasm (mimics angina), peptic ulcer, pancreatitis |
| 95 | Neurological chest pain | Intercostal neuralgia, herpes zoster, radiculopathy, panic disorder |
| 96 | Osteochondrosis | Dermatomal, movement-provoked, palpation-reproducible, normal cardiac workup |
| 97 | Neurocirculatory dystonia | Dx of exclusion; orthostatic-β-blocker test; normal echo + troponin |
| 98 | GERD treatment | Lifestyle → PPI (first-line) → prokinetics → antacids → fundoplication |
| 99 | Diagnostic methods | ECG, troponin, echo, CTA, stress test / CXR, CT-PA, EGD, spine MRI |
| 100 | MI lab diagnostics | hs-Troponin (1–3h) → CK-MB → LDH; 0h/1h rapid rule-out/in protocol |
| 101 | MI ECG signs | Hyperacute T → ST elevation → Q waves → T inversion; localization by leads |
| 102 | AMI treatment | Primary PCI ≤90 min; DAPT + anticoagulation; beta-blockers, ACE-I, statins; secondary prevention |