Create a PowerPoint presentation (.pptx) file on **Glomerulonephritis** for medical students at an overview/basic level. Save it to `/home/user/Glomerulonephritis.pptx`. Use the `python-pptx` library to generate the file programmatically. Write and execute a Python script to create the PPTX. Here is the full content to include across slides: --- **SLIDE 1 – Title Slide** Title: Glomerulonephritis (GN) Subtitle: An Overview for Medical Students Footer: Sources: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 22E; Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 7th Ed. --- **SLIDE 2 – What is Glomerulonephritis?** - Inflammation of the glomeruli — the filtering units of the kidney - Leads to impaired filtration, proteinuria, hematuria, and renal dysfunction - Can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (due to systemic disease, infection, autoimmune) - Presents as acute, subacute (days–weeks), or chronic (months–years) disease - Early diagnosis is critical to prevent progression to chronic kidney failure --- **SLIDE 3 – Glomerular Anatomy (Quick Review)** - Each kidney contains ~1 million nephrons - Glomerulus = a tuft of capillaries enclosed in Bowman's capsule - Key cell types: Endothelial cells, Mesangial cells, Podocytes - Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) — made of Type IV collagen (α3:α4:α5) - Slit-pore membrane (nephrin, podocin) acts as a protein filter - Damage to any of these components → glomerular disease --- **SLIDE 4 – Clinical Presentation** Two main syndromes: **Nephritic Syndrome:** - Hematuria (cola/tea-colored urine — "macroscopic hematuria") - Hypertension - Oliguria / Anuria - Mild-to-moderate proteinuria - Edema - Dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts on urinalysis — hallmark finding **Nephrotic Syndrome:** - Heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) - Hypoalbuminemia - Edema - Hyperlipidemia / Lipiduria --- **SLIDE 5 – Urinalysis in GN** - Spun urinary sediment is essential to diagnose active GN - Key findings: • Hematuria — microscopic or macroscopic • Dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs cross glomerular membrane → misshapen) • RBC casts → strongly suggest glomerular origin of hematuria • Pyuria (WBCs) • Proteinuria - Macroscopic hematuria: "cola" or "tea-colored" urine from hematin formation in acid urine - IgA nephropathy: may show gross red hematuria --- **SLIDE 6 – Classification of GN** **By Onset:** - Acute GN — sudden onset (e.g., Postinfectious GN) - Rapidly Progressive GN (RPGN) — rapid decline in renal function over days–weeks - Chronic GN — gradual progression over months–years **By Pathogenesis (3 major categories of RPGN):** 1. ANCA-positive vasculitis (pauci-immune) 2. Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture disease) 3. Immune complex-mediated (low C3) — IgA nephropathy, PSGN, SLE, MPGN --- **SLIDE 7 – Postinfectious GN (PSGN)** - Classic example of acute GN - Caused by nephritogenic strains of Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus - Occurs 10 days–3 weeks after pharyngeal or skin (impetigo) infection - Mechanism: Immune complex deposition → complement activation → inflammation - Mostly affects children (5–15 years) - Clinical: Hematuria, hypertension, edema, oliguria, ↓C3 - Investigations: ↑ASO titer, ↓C3, positive throat/skin culture - Prognosis: Most children recover fully; worse prognosis in adults --- **SLIDE 8 – IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)** - Most common primary GN worldwide - Pathology: Mesangial IgA deposits - Trigger: Mucosal infections (respiratory, GI) → episodes of gross hematuria - Presents: Recurrent macroscopic hematuria (often after URTI, within 1–2 days) - Urinalysis: Dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts - Diagnosis: Renal biopsy (mesangial IgA on immunofluorescence) - Treatment: ACE inhibitors, corticosteroids in progressive cases - Course: 20–40% progress to ESRD over 20 years --- **SLIDE 9 – Rapidly Progressive GN (RPGN)** - Medical emergency — rapid loss of renal function over days to weeks - Pathology: Crescents in >50% of glomeruli (crescentic GN) - Three types: 1. Type I — Anti-GBM (linear IgG on IF) — Goodpasture disease 2. Type II — Immune complex (granular IgG on IF) — SLE, PSGN, IgA 3. Type III — Pauci-immune (ANCA-positive) — GPA, MPA - Treatment: Urgent high-dose steroids ± cyclophosphamide; plasmapheresis for Type I --- **SLIDE 10 – Secondary Causes of GN** | Cause | Type of GN | |---|---| | SLE | Lupus nephritis (Class III/IV most severe) | | Hepatitis B | Membranous GN, MPGN | | Hepatitis C | MPGN, Cryoglobulinemic GN | | Diabetes | Diabetic nephropathy | | ANCA vasculitis | Crescentic (Pauci-immune) GN | | Anti-GBM | Goodpasture disease | --- **SLIDE 11 – Investigations** | Test | Finding/Purpose | |---|---| | Urinalysis + Microscopy | RBCs, RBC casts, proteinuria | | 24h urine protein | Quantify proteinuria | | Serum creatinine/BUN | Assess renal function | | Complement (C3, C4) | Low in PSGN, SLE, MPGN | | ASO titer | Post-streptococcal GN | | ANA, anti-dsDNA | SLE | | ANCA (c-ANCA, p-ANCA) | Vasculitis | | Anti-GBM antibodies | Goodpasture disease | | Renal Biopsy | Gold standard for diagnosis | --- **SLIDE 12 – Management Overview** **General measures:** - Blood pressure control (ACE inhibitors / ARBs) - Salt and fluid restriction - Treat underlying cause **Specific:** - PSGN: Antibiotics for active infection; supportive care (most self-limiting) - IgA nephropathy: ACE-I/ARB; steroids for persistent proteinuria - RPGN: Pulse IV methylprednisolone + cyclophosphamide; plasmapheresis (anti-GBM) - Lupus nephritis: Steroids + MMF or cyclophosphamide **Dialysis** if ESRD develops --- **SLIDE 13 – Summary** - GN = glomerular inflammation → hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, ↓GFR - Hallmark urinalysis: RBC casts + dysmorphic RBCs - Main categories: Postinfectious, IgA, RPGN, Lupus nephritis - RPGN is a medical emergency — crescents on biopsy - Three RPGN types: Anti-GBM | Immune complex | Pauci-immune (ANCA) - Treatment depends on type: Steroids, cyclophosphamide, plasmapheresis - Renal biopsy = gold standard for diagnosis --- **SLIDE 14 – References** - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Edition (2025), McGraw Hill - Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 7th Edition — Elsevier - Swanson's Family Medicine Review --- **Design instructions:** - Use a clean, professional medical theme with a blue/navy color scheme - Title slide: dark blue background, white text - Content slides: white background, dark blue headings, black body text - Use bullet points clearly with adequate font size (28–32pt for headings, 18–20pt for body) - Use tables where indicated - Add slide numbers to all slides - The presentation should have 14 slides total Save the file as `/home/user/Glomerulonephritis.pptx` After creating the file, confirm its path and file size.

/home/user/make_gn_ppt.py

from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu
from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor
from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt
from pptx.oxml.ns import qn
from lxml import etree
import copy

prs = Presentation()
prs.slide_width = Inches(13.33)
prs.slide_height = Inches(7.5)

NAVY = RGBColor(0x00, 0x33, 0x6A)
WHITE = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
LIGHT_BLUE = RGBColor(0xD6, 0xE4, 0xF0)
BLACK = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x1A, 0x2E)
ACCENT = RGBColor(0x00, 0x86, 0xC8)

blank_layout = prs.slide_layouts[6]  # blank

def add_rect(slide, left, top, width, height, fill_color=None, line_color=None):
    shape = slide.shapes.add_shape(1, Inches(left), Inches(top), Inches(width), Inches(height))
    if fill_color:
        shape.fill.solid()
        shape.fill.fore_color.rgb = fill_color
    else:
        shape.fill.background()
    if line_color:
        shape.line.color.rgb = line_color
        shape.line.width = Pt(1)
    else:
        shape.line.fill.background()
    return shape

def add_textbox(slide, text, left, top, width, height, font_size=18, bold=False,
                color=BLACK, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, wrap=True):
    txBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(left), Inches(top), Inches(width), Inches(height))
    tf = txBox.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = wrap
    p = tf.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = align
    run = p.add_run()
    run.text = text
    run.font.size = Pt(font_size)
    run.font.bold = bold
    run.font.color.rgb = color
    return txBox

def add_slide_number(slide, num):
    txBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(12.5), Inches(7.1), Inches(0.7), Inches(0.3))
    tf = txBox.text_frame
    p = tf.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.RIGHT
    run = p.add_run()
    run.text = str(num)
    run.font.size = Pt(12)
    run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x88, 0x88, 0x88)

def add_header_bar(slide, title_text, slide_num):
    # Top navy bar
    bar = add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.33, 1.1, fill_color=NAVY)
    # Title text
    txBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(0.3), Inches(0.1), Inches(12.7), Inches(0.9))
    tf = txBox.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = True
    p = tf.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.LEFT
    run = p.add_run()
    run.text = title_text
    run.font.size = Pt(30)
    run.font.bold = True
    run.font.color.rgb = WHITE
    add_slide_number(slide, slide_num)

def add_bullet_slide(slide, title, bullets, slide_num, cols=1):
    add_header_bar(slide, title, slide_num)
    # White background
    bg = add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.33, 7.5, fill_color=WHITE)
    bg.zorder = 0
    add_header_bar(slide, title, slide_num)
    
    top = 1.25
    for bullet in bullets:
        indent = bullet.get('indent', 0)
        text = bullet.get('text', '')
        is_header = bullet.get('header', False)
        left = 0.4 + indent * 0.35
        width = 12.5 - indent * 0.35
        
        if is_header:
            txBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(left), Inches(top), Inches(width), Inches(0.45))
            tf = txBox.text_frame
            tf.word_wrap = True
            p = tf.paragraphs[0]
            run = p.add_run()
            run.text = text
            run.font.size = Pt(20)
            run.font.bold = True
            run.font.color.rgb = ACCENT
            top += 0.42
        else:
            # bullet point
            prefix = "  " * indent + ("• " if indent == 0 else "◦ ")
            txBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(left), Inches(top), Inches(width), Inches(0.38))
            tf = txBox.text_frame
            tf.word_wrap = True
            p = tf.paragraphs[0]
            run = p.add_run()
            run.text = prefix + text
            run.font.size = Pt(18)
            run.font.bold = False
            run.font.color.rgb = BLACK
            top += 0.36
    return slide

def add_table_slide(slide, title, headers, rows, slide_num):
    add_header_bar(slide, title, slide_num)
    bg = add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.33, 7.5, fill_color=WHITE)
    bg.zorder = 0
    add_header_bar(slide, title, slide_num)
    
    cols = len(headers)
    num_rows = len(rows) + 1
    table = slide.shapes.add_table(num_rows, cols, Inches(0.4), Inches(1.3), Inches(12.5), Inches(0.45 * num_rows)).table
    
    # Header row
    for ci, h in enumerate(headers):
        cell = table.cell(0, ci)
        cell.fill.solid()
        cell.fill.fore_color.rgb = NAVY
        p = cell.text_frame.paragraphs[0]
        run = p.add_run()
        run.text = h
        run.font.size = Pt(17)
        run.font.bold = True
        run.font.color.rgb = WHITE
    
    for ri, row in enumerate(rows):
        for ci, val in enumerate(row):
            cell = table.cell(ri + 1, ci)
            if ri % 2 == 0:
                cell.fill.solid()
                cell.fill.fore_color.rgb = LIGHT_BLUE
            else:
                cell.fill.solid()
                cell.fill.fore_color.rgb = WHITE
            p = cell.text_frame.paragraphs[0]
            run = p.add_run()
            run.text = val
            run.font.size = Pt(15)
            run.font.color.rgb = BLACK

# ─── SLIDE 1: Title ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide1 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
bg1 = add_rect(slide1, 0, 0, 13.33, 7.5, fill_color=NAVY)

# Decorative accent
add_rect(slide1, 0, 5.8, 13.33, 0.12, fill_color=ACCENT)
add_rect(slide1, 0, 5.92, 13.33, 1.58, fill_color=RGBColor(0x00, 0x1A, 0x40))

txBox = slide1.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(1), Inches(1.5), Inches(11), Inches(2.2))
tf = txBox.text_frame
tf.word_wrap = True
p = tf.paragraphs[0]
p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER
run = p.add_run()
run.text = "Glomerulonephritis (GN)"
run.font.size = Pt(52)
run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = WHITE

txBox2 = slide1.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(1), Inches(3.5), Inches(11), Inches(0.6))
tf2 = txBox2.text_frame
p2 = tf2.paragraphs[0]
p2.alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER
run2 = p2.add_run()
run2.text = "An Overview for Medical Students"
run2.font.size = Pt(26)
run2.font.color.rgb = LIGHT_BLUE

txBox3 = slide1.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(1), Inches(6.1), Inches(11), Inches(0.5))
tf3 = txBox3.text_frame
p3 = tf3.paragraphs[0]
p3.alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER
run3 = p3.add_run()
run3.text = "Sources: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 22E  |  Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 7th Ed."
run3.font.size = Pt(13)
run3.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xAA, 0xCC, 0xEE)
add_slide_number(slide1, 1)

# ─── SLIDE 2: What is GN ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide2 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide2, "What is Glomerulonephritis?", [
    {'text': 'Inflammation of the glomeruli — the microscopic filtering units of the kidney'},
    {'text': 'Results in impaired filtration → proteinuria, hematuria, and renal dysfunction'},
    {'text': 'Can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (systemic disease, infection, autoimmune)'},
    {'text': 'Presentation:'},
    {'text': 'Acute (sudden onset)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Subacute (days to weeks)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Chronic (months to years — progressive)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Early diagnosis is critical to prevent progression to chronic kidney failure'},
    {'text': 'Volume expansion → edema, hypertension; oliguria/anuria common'},
], 2)

# ─── SLIDE 3: Glomerular Anatomy ─────────────────────────────────────────────
slide3 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide3, "Glomerular Anatomy — Quick Review", [
    {'text': 'Each kidney has ~1 million nephrons'},
    {'text': 'Glomerulus = tuft of capillaries enclosed in Bowman's capsule'},
    {'text': 'Key cell types:'},
    {'text': 'Endothelial cells (fenestrated) — allow fluid filtration', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Mesangial cells — structural support, phagocytic function', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Podocytes — wrap around capillaries; form slit-pore membrane', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM): Type IV collagen (α3:α4:α5)'},
    {'text': 'Slit-pore membrane proteins: Nephrin, Podocin — act as protein size filter'},
    {'text': 'Damage to any component → glomerular disease (proteinuria, hematuria)'},
], 3)

# ─── SLIDE 4: Clinical Presentation ─────────────────────────────────────────
slide4 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide4, "Clinical Presentation", [
    {'text': 'Nephritic Syndrome', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Hematuria (cola/tea-colored urine — macroscopic hematuria)'},
    {'text': 'Hypertension, Oliguria/Anuria'},
    {'text': 'Mild-to-moderate proteinuria'},
    {'text': 'Edema (periorbital, peripheral, ascites in children)'},
    {'text': 'Dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts on urinalysis — hallmark'},
    {'text': 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)'},
    {'text': 'Hypoalbuminemia → edema'},
    {'text': 'Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria'},
    {'text': 'Note: Some GN presents with overlapping features (nephritic-nephrotic)'},
], 4)

# ─── SLIDE 5: Urinalysis ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide5 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide5, "Urinalysis in GN", [
    {'text': 'Spun urinary sediment is ESSENTIAL to diagnose active GN'},
    {'text': 'Key findings:'},
    {'text': 'Hematuria — microscopic or macroscopic', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Dysmorphic RBCs — RBCs distorted as they cross damaged GBM', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'RBC casts — strongly suggest glomerular origin of hematuria ★', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Pyuria (WBCs) — mixed inflammatory cells', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Proteinuria', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Macroscopic hematuria: "cola" or "tea-colored" urine'},
    {'text': '  → Hematin forms when hemoglobin enters acidic urine'},
    {'text': 'IgA nephropathy: gross RED hematuria (RBCs cross diseased GBM)'},
    {'text': 'Blood clots or grossly red urine → consider lower urinary tract cause'},
], 5)

# ─── SLIDE 6: Classification ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide6 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide6, "Classification of GN", [
    {'text': 'By Onset / Course', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Acute GN — sudden onset (e.g., Post-streptococcal GN)'},
    {'text': 'Rapidly Progressive GN (RPGN) — rapid decline over days–weeks'},
    {'text': 'Chronic GN — gradual progression over months–years'},
    {'text': '3 Major Pathogenic Categories (RPGN)', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Type I — Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture disease)'},
    {'text': 'Type II — Immune complex-mediated (low C3) — IgA, PSGN, SLE, MPGN'},
    {'text': 'Type III — Pauci-immune / ANCA-positive — GPA (Wegener), MPA'},
    {'text': 'Primary vs Secondary', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Primary: Idiopathic — IgA nephropathy, FSGS, Minimal change'},
    {'text': 'Secondary: SLE, Diabetes, Vasculitis, Infections (Hep B/C, HIV)'},
], 6)

# ─── SLIDE 7: PSGN ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide7 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide7, "Postinfectious GN (PSGN)", [
    {'text': 'Classic example of acute GN'},
    {'text': 'Cause: Nephritogenic strains of Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus'},
    {'text': 'Latent period: 10 days–3 weeks after pharyngeal or skin (impetigo) infection'},
    {'text': 'Mechanism: Immune complex (Ag-Ab) deposition → complement activation → inflammation'},
    {'text': 'Mainly affects children (5–15 years)'},
    {'text': 'Clinical features:'},
    {'text': 'Hematuria, hypertension, periorbital edema, oliguria', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Investigations:'},
    {'text': '↑ ASO titer (pharyngeal infection)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': '↓ C3 complement', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Positive throat / skin culture', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Prognosis: Children — excellent recovery; Adults — worse prognosis'},
], 7)

# ─── SLIDE 8: IgA Nephropathy ────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide8 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide8, "IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)", [
    {'text': 'Most common primary GN worldwide'},
    {'text': 'Pathology: Mesangial IgA immune complex deposits'},
    {'text': 'Trigger: Mucosal infections (respiratory, GI) → IgA overproduction'},
    {'text': 'Presentation: Recurrent GROSS hematuria, typically 1–2 days after URTI'},
    {'text': 'Urinalysis: Dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts'},
    {'text': 'Diagnosis: Renal biopsy — mesangial IgA on immunofluorescence (gold standard)'},
    {'text': 'Treatment:'},
    {'text': 'ACE inhibitors / ARBs — first line (proteinuria reduction)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Corticosteroids for persistent significant proteinuria', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Course: 20–40% progress to ESRD over 20 years'},
], 8)

# ─── SLIDE 9: RPGN ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide9 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide9, "Rapidly Progressive GN (RPGN)", [
    {'text': '⚠ Medical emergency — rapid loss of renal function over days to weeks'},
    {'text': 'Pathology: Crescents in >50% of glomeruli (crescentic GN) on biopsy'},
    {'text': 'Three Types:', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Type I — Anti-GBM (Goodpasture disease)'},
    {'text': '  Linear IgG deposition on immunofluorescence'},
    {'text': '  May have lung hemorrhage (pulmonary-renal syndrome)'},
    {'text': 'Type II — Immune Complex (SLE, PSGN, IgA, MPGN)'},
    {'text': '  Granular IgG deposition on immunofluorescence'},
    {'text': 'Type III — Pauci-immune (ANCA vasculitis — GPA, MPA)'},
    {'text': '  Negative/scant IF, ANCA positive in blood'},
    {'text': 'Treatment:', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'High-dose IV methylprednisolone + cyclophosphamide'},
    {'text': 'Plasmapheresis for Type I (anti-GBM) and severe ANCA'},
], 9)

# ─── SLIDE 10: Secondary Causes — TABLE ──────────────────────────────────────
slide10 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_table_slide(slide10,
    "Secondary Causes of GN",
    ["Underlying Cause", "Type of GN"],
    [
        ["Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)", "Lupus nephritis (Class III/IV most severe)"],
        ["Hepatitis B", "Membranous GN, MPGN"],
        ["Hepatitis C", "MPGN, Cryoglobulinemic GN"],
        ["Diabetes Mellitus", "Diabetic nephropathy"],
        ["ANCA-associated vasculitis (GPA, MPA)", "Crescentic (Pauci-immune) GN"],
        ["Anti-GBM antibodies", "Goodpasture disease"],
        ["Schistosomiasis", "Immune-mediated GN, AA amyloidosis"],
        ["Post-streptococcal infection", "Proliferative / Endocapillary GN"],
    ],
    10
)

# ─── SLIDE 11: Investigations — TABLE ────────────────────────────────────────
slide11 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_table_slide(slide11,
    "Investigations",
    ["Test", "Finding / Purpose"],
    [
        ["Urinalysis + Microscopy", "RBCs, RBC casts, proteinuria — diagnose active GN"],
        ["24-hour urine protein", "Quantify proteinuria"],
        ["Serum creatinine / BUN", "Assess renal function"],
        ["Complement (C3, C4)", "↓ in PSGN, SLE, MPGN"],
        ["ASO titer", "Post-streptococcal GN"],
        ["ANA, Anti-dsDNA", "SLE / Lupus nephritis"],
        ["ANCA (c-ANCA, p-ANCA)", "ANCA vasculitis (GPA, MPA)"],
        ["Anti-GBM antibodies", "Goodpasture disease"],
        ["Renal Biopsy", "Gold standard — definitive diagnosis and classification"],
    ],
    11
)

# ─── SLIDE 12: Management ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide12 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide12, "Management Overview", [
    {'text': 'General Measures', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'Blood pressure control — ACE inhibitors / ARBs (renoprotective)'},
    {'text': 'Salt and fluid restriction'},
    {'text': 'Treat underlying cause'},
    {'text': 'Specific Treatment by Type', 'header': True},
    {'text': 'PSGN: Antibiotics for active infection; supportive (mostly self-limiting)'},
    {'text': 'IgA nephropathy: ACE-I/ARB; corticosteroids for persistent proteinuria'},
    {'text': 'RPGN: Pulse IV methylprednisolone + cyclophosphamide'},
    {'text': 'Anti-GBM (Type I RPGN): + Plasmapheresis to remove circulating antibodies'},
    {'text': 'Lupus nephritis: Steroids + MMF or cyclophosphamide'},
    {'text': 'Dialysis / Renal replacement therapy if ESRD develops'},
], 12)

# ─── SLIDE 13: Summary ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide13 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide13, "Summary", [
    {'text': 'GN = glomerular inflammation → hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, ↓ GFR'},
    {'text': 'Hallmark urinalysis: RBC casts + dysmorphic RBCs'},
    {'text': 'Main syndromes: Nephritic vs Nephrotic (can overlap)'},
    {'text': 'Key types: Postinfectious GN | IgA Nephropathy | RPGN | Lupus nephritis'},
    {'text': 'RPGN = medical emergency — crescents on biopsy'},
    {'text': 'Three RPGN types:'},
    {'text': 'Anti-GBM (Type I)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Immune complex (Type II)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Pauci-immune / ANCA (Type III)', 'indent': 1},
    {'text': 'Renal biopsy = gold standard for diagnosis'},
    {'text': 'Treatment: Steroids ± cyclophosphamide ± plasmapheresis (based on type)'},
], 13)

# ─── SLIDE 14: References ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
slide14 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
add_bullet_slide(slide14, "References", [
    {'text': 'Harrison\'s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Edition (2025)'},
    {'text': '  McGraw Hill Medical — Chapter 319: Glomerulonephritis'},
    {'text': 'Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 7th Edition'},
    {'text': '  Elsevier — Chapters 25, 57'},
    {'text': 'Swanson\'s Family Medicine Review (2021), Elsevier'},
    {'text': 'Campbell Walsh Wein Urology, 3-Volume Set — Elsevier'},
    {'text': 'Brenner and Rector\'s The Kidney, 2-Volume Set — Elsevier'},
], 14)

# Save
path = '/home/user/Glomerulonephritis.pptx'
prs.save(path)
import os
size = os.path.getsize(path)
print(f"Saved: {path} ({size:,} bytes)")

*.py in /home/user