Here is a detailed illustration of sepsis covering the key elements of its pathophysiology:
What the image shows:
Infection source - bacteria originating from a site such as the lungs (pneumonia), urinary tract, or wound
Bloodstream invasion - pathogens entering and spreading through circulation
Cytokine storm - the immune system's overwhelming inflammatory response, with immune cells releasing large amounts of signaling proteins (cytokines/chemokines)
Endothelial damage - injury to blood vessel walls leading to leakage, clotting (DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation), and abnormal vasodilation
Multi-organ dysfunction - damage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, and brain as perfusion fails
Progression stages - from local infection → SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) → Sepsis → Severe Sepsis → Septic Shock
Key concept: Sepsis is not simply an infection - it is the body's dysregulated, self-destructive response to infection that turns against its own organs, which is what makes it so dangerous and potentially fatal.
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