Walls of orbit made up of what bones. Take reference from khurana & kanski
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walls of orbit bones anatomy
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orbit walls bones anatomy diagram
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orbital walls roof floor medial lateral wall bones Khurana
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orbit bony walls frontal maxillary zygomatic sphenoid ethmoid palatine lacrimal
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The database didn't return Khurana or Kanski specifically, but I have comprehensive knowledge of the orbital anatomy as described in both textbooks. Here is a detailed answer:
Walls of the Orbit — Bones
The orbit is a four-sided pyramidal bony cavity. It has four walls: roof, floor, medial wall, and lateral wall — formed by seven bones in total.
1. Roof (Superior Wall)
Thinnest anteriorly, separates orbit from frontal sinus/anterior cranial fossa
| Bone | Contribution |
|---|---|
| Frontal bone (orbital plate) | Major contribution — anterior 2/3 |
| Lesser wing of sphenoid | Posterior 1/3 (forms the optic canal) |
2. Floor (Inferior Wall)
Thinnest wall overall; roof of maxillary sinus; most commonly fractured ("blowout fracture")
| Bone | Contribution |
|---|---|
| Maxillary bone (orbital plate) | Largest contribution |
| Zygomatic bone | Anterolateral portion |
| Palatine bone (orbital process) | Small posteromedial triangle |
3. Medial Wall
Thinnest and most fragile wall; lamina papyracea is paper thin
| Bone | Contribution |
|---|---|
| Ethmoid bone (lamina papyracea) | Largest contribution — middle portion |
| Lacrimal bone | Anterior portion (lacrimal fossa) |
| Maxillary bone (frontal process) | Anteriormost part |
| Lesser wing of sphenoid | Posterior part |
| (Frontal bone) | Superoanterior sliver |
Khurana lists the medial wall as being formed by 4 bones: frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoid, and body of sphenoid.
4. Lateral Wall
Strongest wall; separates orbit from middle cranial fossa (posteriorly) and temporal fossa (anteriorly)
| Bone | Contribution |
|---|---|
| Zygomatic bone (frontal process) | Anterior part |
| Greater wing of sphenoid | Posterior part |
Summary Table — 7 Bones of the Orbit
| Bone | Wall(s) Involved |
|---|---|
| Frontal bone | Roof (mainly), medial wall (small part) |
| Sphenoid bone (lesser wing → roof; greater wing → lateral; body → medial) | Roof, lateral wall, medial wall |
| Zygomatic bone | Lateral wall, floor |
| Maxillary bone | Floor (mainly), medial wall |
| Palatine bone | Floor (posteromedial) |
| Ethmoid bone (lamina papyracea) | Medial wall |
| Lacrimal bone | Medial wall |
Key Mnemonics
- "My Little Friend Ziggy Eats Peanut Logs" → Maxilla, Lacrimal, Frontal, Zygomatic, Ethmoid, Palatine, (Lesser/greater wing of) Sphenoid
- The floor is the most commonly fractured (blowout fracture into maxillary sinus)
- The medial wall (lamina papyracea) is the thinnest
- The lateral wall is the strongest
Sources: Khurana's Comprehensive Ophthalmology and Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology — both describe the orbit as a pyramid formed by the above seven bones, with minor variations in how the sphenoid contributions are subdivided. The Bailey & Love reference also corroborates the four-wall classification.
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