I now have enough information from the medical library (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 2025) to give a thorough, accurate answer. Let me compile the response.
Here is a clear, honest breakdown of the situation:
Should He Get a Gonorrhea Test?
Short answer: Yes, a gonorrhea test (NAAT) is still worth doing, even at 5 months post-exposure and even after doxycycline. Here is why:
1. Doxycycline Does NOT Reliably Treat Gonorrhea
This is the most important point. Doxycycline is the standard treatment for chlamydia and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) - but it is not a recommended treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the bacteria that causes gonorrhea).
The standard treatment for gonorrhea is ceftriaxone (a single IM injection), often combined with doxycycline (only to cover simultaneous chlamydia). Taking 28 doxycycline tablets alone would treat any chlamydia present, but it would not reliably clear a gonorrhea infection - this concern is correct.
(Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 22E, 2025)
2. The Occasional Testicular/Scrotal Pain
Testicular pain that comes and goes can be a sign of subclinical epididymitis - inflammation of the epididymis (the tube that sits behind each testicle). According to Harrison's:
- In sexually active men under 35, acute epididymitis is most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and less commonly by N. gonorrhoeae
- It is often associated with overt or subclinical (no obvious) urethritis
- Mild, intermittent testicular discomfort without other symptoms is a recognized presentation
This means the occasional testicular pain, even without discharge or burning, could be a lingering sign of an incompletely treated or undertreated STI.
3. Pus Cells (1-2) in Urine
Finding 1-2 pus cells (white blood cells) in a first-morning urine sample is a mild form of pyuria. In the context of:
- A possible STI exposure 5 months ago
- Kidney stones in both kidneys (which can independently cause mild pyuria)
- Occasional testicular pain
The kidney stones are the most likely cause of 1-2 pus cells, since stones cause local irritation. However, persistent subclinical urethritis from chlamydia or gonorrhea can also produce mild pyuria. At this level it does not prove an STI, but it does not rule one out either.
4. What Test Should Be Done
A NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) on a first-void urine sample (first stream of urine, not midstream) is the best test at this point. It detects both:
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
- Chlamydia trachomatis
This can be done at a standard pathology lab without going to any specialized STI clinic. Any general physician (MBBS) can order it. It does not require examination - just a urine sample.
At 5 months post-exposure, the NAAT result will still be valid - this test detects the DNA of the bacteria, not antibodies, so the window period concern does not apply the same way as with HIV tests. If bacteria are still present, the test will detect them.
Summary Table
| Question | Answer |
|---|
| Does doxycycline cure gonorrhea? | No - it treats chlamydia, not gonorrhea |
| Could testicular pain indicate a problem? | Yes - subclinical epididymitis from chlamydia/gonorrhea is possible |
| Are 1-2 pus cells significant? | Likely from kidney stones, but cannot fully exclude infection |
| Should he get tested at 5 months? | Yes - NAAT urine test is appropriate and valid |
| What test? | NAAT (urine) for gonorrhea + chlamydia from any diagnostic lab |
| If test is positive for gonorrhea? | Single-dose IM ceftriaxone injection (not doxycycline) |
One Final Note on Symptoms
"No symptoms" does not mean no infection. Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can be asymptomatic in men - especially chlamydia. The occasional testicular ache is a symptom, even if mild. Getting the NAAT test costs very little, provides a definitive answer, and avoids months of unnecessary worry.