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CDC typhoid fever diagnosis blood culture Widal test limitations C-reactive protein interpretation

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typhoid fever Widal test

Finding Sources
The report shows:
TestResultInterpretation
CRP (C-reactive protein)41.2Raised. Lab reference is up to 6.0. This indicates active inflammation or infection, but does not identify the cause by itself.
Widal: Salmonella Typhi O antigen1:160Reactive titre
Widal: Salmonella Typhi H antigen1:80Reactive titre
Paratyphi A / BNo agglutinationNegative on this test

What it means

The raised CRP supports that there may be an acute infection/inflammatory process. The Widal results can be suggestive of typhoid fever only when they match the symptoms, duration of fever, local background titres, past infection/vaccination history, and ideally a rising titre on repeat testing.
A single slide Widal result, including O 1:160 and H 1:80, does not confirm typhoid. False-positive results are common due to prior exposure, vaccination, cross-reacting infections, and background antibodies. Medical texts note that a fourfold rise in titres on a paired sample is stronger evidence, while culture is needed for definitive diagnosis. CDC also states that blood culture is the main diagnostic test and Widal is not recommended because of false positives. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, p. 686-693.

Practical next step

If there is persistent fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, headache, weakness, or loss of appetite, see the treating clinician promptly. Ask whether blood culture with antibiotic sensitivity, ideally before antibiotics if feasible, plus CBC and other fever evaluation such as malaria/dengue testing based on local risk, are needed. Do not start or change antibiotics based on Widal alone.
Seek urgent care for confusion, severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, fainting, bleeding, very low urine output, or worsening illness.
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