Immunization schedule from community medicine
Reading File
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Reading File
I have the complete NIS table data. Now let me compile the full, detailed answer.
Immunization Schedule - Community Medicine (Park's Textbook)
Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine
National Immunization Schedule (NIS) - India (2020)
For Pregnant Women
| Vaccine | When to Give | Dose | Route | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TT/Td-1 | Early in pregnancy | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Upper arm |
| TT/Td-2 | 4 weeks after TT-1 | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Upper arm |
| TT/Td-Booster | If received 2 TT doses in a pregnancy within the last 3 years | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Upper arm |
Note: Td = Tetanus + adult Diphtheria; replaces TT in most states.
For Infants
| Vaccine | When to Give | Dose | Route | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCG | At birth or as early as possible till 1 year of age | 0.1 ml (0.05 ml until 1 month of age) | Intradermal | Left upper arm |
| Hepatitis B (birth dose) | At birth or within 24 hours | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Antero-lateral mid-thigh |
| OPV-0 | At birth or within first 15 days | 2 drops | Oral | Oral |
| OPV 1, 2 & 3 | 6, 10, 14 weeks (can be given till 5 years) | 2 drops | Oral | Oral |
| Pentavalent 1, 2 & 3 (DPT + HepB + Hib) | 6, 10, 14 weeks | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Antero-lateral mid-thigh |
| Rotavirus 1, 2 & 3 | 6, 10, 14 weeks | 5 drops | Oral | Oral |
| IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) | 6 & 14 weeks (fractional dose) | 0.1 ml | Intradermal | Right upper arm |
| Measles/MR-1 | 9-12 months | 0.5 ml | Subcutaneous | Right upper arm |
| Vitamin A (1st dose) | 9 months (with measles vaccine) | 1 lakh IU | Oral | Oral |
For Children
| Vaccine | When to Give | Dose | Route | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPT Booster-1 | 16-24 months | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Antero-lateral mid-thigh |
| Measles/MR-2 | 16-24 months | 0.5 ml | Subcutaneous | Right upper arm |
| OPV Booster | 16-24 months | 2 drops | Oral | Oral |
| Vitamin A (2nd dose onwards) | 16 months, then every 6 months until 5 years | 2 lakh IU | Oral | Oral |
| DPT Booster-2 | 5-6 years | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Upper arm |
| TT | 10 years & 16 years | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular | Upper arm |
IAP (Indian Academy of Paediatrics) Schedule
The IAP recommends a broader schedule beyond the UIP due to inclusion of additional vaccines:
| Vaccine | Schedule |
|---|---|
| BCG | Birth - 2 weeks |
| OPV | Birth; 6, 10, 14 weeks; 16-18 months; 5 years |
| DPT | 6, 10, 14 weeks; 16-18 months; 5 years |
| Hepatitis B | Birth + 6 weeks + 14 weeks (or 6, 10, 14 weeks) |
| Hib Conjugate | 6, 10, 14 weeks |
| Measles | 9 months; 16-24 months |
| MMR | 15 months |
| Typhoid | 2, 5, 8, 12 years |
| TT/Td | 10 years, 16 years |
Additional vaccines (after parental discussion):
- Varicella: 15 months (or after 1 year)
- Hepatitis A: 18 months and 6 months later (high-risk infants)
- Pneumococcal conjugate: 6 weeks
- Influenza: 6 months of age annually (high-risk)
Note: Pentavalent vaccine has replaced DPT + Hepatitis B + Hib in NIS, so those three should NOT be given separately at 6, 10, 14 weeks if pentavalent is being used.
WHO EPI Schedule (For reference)
The WHO EPI Programme recommends:
- BCG and OPV (zero dose) at birth or at first contact, in countries where TB and polio have not been controlled
- DPT + OPV primary doses: safely started from 6 weeks of age
- Measles vaccine: at 9 months
Key Points (Commonly Examined)
- BCG - Intradermal, left upper arm; protects against TB meningitis and miliary TB in children
- Pentavalent = DPT + Hep B + Hib (5-in-1); given at 6, 10, 14 weeks
- OPV-0 (zero dose) - given at birth to prevent vertical transmission of poliovirus
- IPV - fractional intradermal dose at 6 & 14 weeks (introduced to supplement OPV under polio endgame strategy)
- Rotavirus vaccine - given at 6, 10, 14 weeks; protects against rotavirus diarrhea
- Measles/MR - 2 doses (9-12 months and 16-24 months); second dose is a "booster"
- TT in pregnancy - 2 doses at 4-week interval or single booster if vaccinated within last 3 years; protects against neonatal tetanus
- Interruption of schedule - does NOT require restarting from scratch; continue from where stopped
- Contraindications myth - mild fever, diarrhea, and malnutrition are NOT contraindications; malnourished children especially need vaccination
Prophylactic Vitamin A (alongside immunization)
| Dose | Age | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| 1st dose | 9 months (with measles vaccine) | 1,00,000 IU |
| 2nd dose | 16-18 months (with DPT booster) | 2,00,000 IU |
| 3rd dose onwards | Every 6 months till 5 years (24, 30, 36 months...) | 2,00,000 IU |
- Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, p. 139 (Table 43), p. 132-134
This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.