Create nemomics for pharmacology 1 bharm
pharmacology 1 B.Pharm syllabus topics autonomic nervous system drugs
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twenty First Edition
Page 12459
pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics drug receptor mechanisms B.Pharm
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twenty First Edition
Page 1880
Sublingual · Patch (transdermal) · Rectal · Lung (inhalation) · Intravenous · Dermal · Subcutaneous
Absorption · Distribution · Metabolism · Excretion
Solubility · Lipophilicity · Ionization (pKa/pH) · Particle size
Agonist · Superagonist / Select partial agonist · Inverse agonist · Antagonist
Augmented (dose-related) · Bizarre (allergic/immune) · Chronic (long-term) · Delayed · End-of-treatment
Sympathetic – Preganglionic short, Acetylcholine → Receptor (nicotinic) → Sympathetic ganglia
| Junction | Transmitter | Receptor |
|---|---|---|
| All preganglionic → ganglia | ACh | Nicotinic (Nn) |
| Parasympathetic post-ganglionic → effector | ACh | Muscarinic |
| Sympathetic post-ganglionic → effector | NE | Adrenergic |
| Sweat glands (exception!) | ACh | Muscarinic |
Salivation · Lacrimation · Urination · Defecation Bradycardia · Abdominal cramps · GI motility ↑ · Sweating
Defecation/Diarrhea · Urination · Miosis · Bradycardia/Bronchospasm · Emesis · Lacrimation · Salivation
Muscle weakness/paralysis · Tachycardia · Weakness (diaphragm → respiratory failure)
Acetylcholine · Bethanechol · Carbachol · Pilocarpine
Neostigmine · Phyostigmine · Organophosphates (irreversible)
Mydriasis · Dry mouth · Urinary retention · Constipation · Flushing · Hyperthermia · Confusion/CNS
Vasoconstriction · Alpha-1 · Sweat glands · Contraction (urinary sphincter)
Decreases NE release from pre-synaptic terminal
Increases heart rate, contractility (cardiac)
Bronchodilation, vasodilation, uterine relaxation
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) · Isoprenaline · Dopamine · Ephredrine (mixed) · Norepinephrine
Phentolamine · Tolazoline · Trazosin · Doxazosin (selective α1: prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin)
Atenolol · Metoprolol · Esmolol · Nebivolol
Reversible · Selective · Non-irritant · Rapid onset
Esters: Procaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine (1 'i' or less) Amides: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Prilocaine, Mepivacaine (note: double 'i')
| Feature | Depolarizing | Non-depolarizing |
|---|---|---|
| Example | Succinylcholine | Tubocurarine, Vecuronium |
| Reversed by neostigmine? | No (worsened) | Yes |
| Fasciculations? | Yes | No |
Tranquilizer · Diazepam-type · Denhance GABA · Benzodiazepine receptor
Convulsion control (anticonvulsant) · Anxiolytic · Sedation/Sleep · Muscle relaxation (myorelaxant) → use "CASM"
H1 → allergy, bronchoconstriction, itch H2 → gastric acid secretion
Drowsiness · Dry mouth · Diplopia (blurred vision)
| Topic | Mnemonic |
|---|---|
| ADME | "A Drug Moves Everywhere" |
| Muscarinic effects | "SLUD BAGS" |
| Organophosphate poisoning | "DUMBELS" |
| Anticholinergic effects | "Can't See, Spit, Pee, Poop…" |
| β1 vs β2 | β1 = 1 Heart, β2 = 2 Lungs |
| Cardioselective β-blockers | "AMEN" |
| Esters vs Amides (LA) | "I Am Lidocaine" |
| Depolarizing NMBA | "Suck it up = Succinylcholine" |
| BZD effects | "CASM" |
| H1 vs H2 | H1 = Inflammation, H2 = Acid |