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Explain me anaemia from basic to clinical in detail

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That covers anaemia from the molecular level to the bedside. Here's a quick orientation to what was covered:
What this guide covers:
  1. Definition & WHO cut-offs - exact Hb thresholds by age/sex/pregnancy status
  2. Basic physiology - erythropoiesis, haemoglobin structure, RBC life cycle, EPO regulation
  3. Classification - morphological (by MCV: micro/normo/macrocytic) and pathophysiological (reduced production / increased destruction / blood loss)
  4. Compensatory mechanisms - 2,3-DPG shift, tachycardia, EPO surge, blood redistribution
  5. Each major type in depth:
    • Iron Deficiency (stages, iron studies table, koilonychia, pica, Plummer-Vinson, treatment)
    • Megaloblastic (B12 vs folate, subacute combined degeneration, why never give folate alone in B12 deficiency)
    • Anaemia of Chronic Disease (hepcidin-ferroportin axis, differentiation from IDA)
    • Haemolytic (intra vs extravascular, spherocytosis, G6PD, AIHA warm/cold, sickle cell)
    • Aplastic anaemia (autoimmune HSC destruction, hypocellular marrow, ATG + BMT)
    • Thalassaemia (α vs β, Mentzer index, hair-on-end skull X-ray)
  6. Clinical approach - history, examination, investigations algorithm guided by MCV + reticulocyte count
  7. Management - transfusion triggers, specific therapies, EPO indications
  8. Special situations - pregnancy, renal failure, cancer
  9. Summary comparison table for exam/clinical use
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