Muscle attachment of ramus of mandible for AK Datta, Vishram Singh or BD Churasia
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ramus of mandible muscle attachments anatomy medial lateral surfaces coronoid process
Muscle attachments on the ramus of mandible
| Part of ramus/process | Muscle attached |
|---|---|
| Lateral surface of ramus and angle | Masseter |
| Medial surface of ramus and angle | Medial pterygoid |
| Coronoid process, especially apex, medial surface and anterior border | Temporalis |
| Pterygoid fovea on anterior surface of neck of condylar process | Lateral pterygoid |
Easy recall:
Outside: Masseter
Inside: Medial pterygoid
Coronoid: Temporalis
Neck of condyle: Lateral pterygoid
Outside: Masseter
Inside: Medial pterygoid
Coronoid: Temporalis
Neck of condyle: Lateral pterygoid
Strictly, the two main muscle attachments directly on the ramus are masseter laterally and medial pterygoid medially. The temporalis and lateral pterygoid attach to processes arising from the ramus. This matches the description in Gray's Anatomy for Students that most of the lateral surface is for masseter, while the coronoid process receives temporalis and the pterygoid fovea receives lateral pterygoid.
Name the 3 muscles attached to the mandible and 3 nerve supply from BD Churasia, Vishram or Ak Datta
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mandible anatomy muscle attachments nerve supply inferior alveolar mental mylohyoid nerve
For the ramus of mandible, the three principal attached muscles and their nerve supply are:
| Muscle | Attachment on mandible | Nerve supply |
|---|---|---|
| Masseter | Lateral surface of ramus and angle | Masseteric nerve, branch of anterior division of mandibular nerve (V3) |
| Medial pterygoid | Medial surface of ramus and angle | Nerve to medial pterygoid, from trunk of mandibular nerve (V3) |
| Temporalis | Coronoid process and anterior border of ramus | Deep temporal nerves, branches of anterior division of mandibular nerve (V3) |
One-line viva answer:
Masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis are attached to the ramus of mandible. Their nerve supply is by masseteric nerve, nerve to medial pterygoid, and deep temporal nerves respectively, all derived from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3).
Masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis are attached to the ramus of mandible. Their nerve supply is by masseteric nerve, nerve to medial pterygoid, and deep temporal nerves respectively, all derived from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3).
Note: Lateral pterygoid attaches to the pterygoid fovea on the neck of the mandible, so it may also be mentioned if the examiner asks for all muscular attachments of the mandibular ramus/processes.
Muscle attachments of the mandible from Ak Datta, Vishram Singh or BD Churasia
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mandible anatomy muscles
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mandible muscular attachments mylohyoid geniohyoid genioglossus digastric buccinator anatomy
Muscle attachments of mandible
1. On the body of mandible
| Site | Muscle attached |
|---|---|
| Outer surface of alveolar part opposite molar teeth and external oblique line | Buccinator |
| Incisive fossa | Mentalis |
| Oblique line | Depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris |
| Lower border of body | Platysma |
| Digastric fossa on medial surface | Anterior belly of digastric |
| Mylohyoid line | Mylohyoid |
| Superior genial tubercles (upper mental spines) | Genioglossus |
| Inferior genial tubercles (lower mental spines) | Geniohyoid |
2. On the ramus, angle, and processes
| Site | Muscle attached |
|---|---|
| Lateral surface of ramus and angle | Masseter |
| Medial surface of angle and lower ramus | Medial pterygoid |
| Coronoid process and anterior border of ramus | Temporalis |
| Pterygoid fovea on neck of condyle | Lateral pterygoid |
Short exam answer
The mandible gives attachment to:
- Muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
- Suprahyoid muscles: mylohyoid, geniohyoid, anterior belly of digastric
- Muscles of tongue/facial expression: genioglossus, buccinator, mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, platysma
Mnemonic for medial surface of body:
G-G-D-M
Genioglossus, Geniohyoid, anterior belly of Digastric, Mylohyoid.
G-G-D-M
Genioglossus, Geniohyoid, anterior belly of Digastric, Mylohyoid.
Write the co relation of mandible - the chances of fracture and the weakest points of mandible from Ak Datta, Vishram Singh or BD Chaurasia
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mandibular fractures anatomy
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mandible weakest points fracture condylar neck angle mental foramen anatomy clinical correlation
Clinical correlation of mandible: fractures and weak points
The mandible is a mobile, horseshoe-shaped bone. It is exposed anteriorly and laterally, so it is commonly injured by blows to the chin, falls, road-traffic accidents, and assault. Because it forms a ring, a fracture at one point may be associated with a second fracture elsewhere, often on the opposite side.
Why the mandible fractures
- It is the only movable bone of the skull and is exposed to trauma.
- Force may be:
- Direct: fracture occurs at the site struck.
- Indirect: fracture occurs away from the site of impact due to transmission of force.
- Fractures tend to occur where the bone is thin, weakened by a foramen or tooth socket, or narrowed in shape.
- Pull of muscles of mastication may displace fracture fragments and cause malocclusion.
Weakest points of mandible
-
Neck of condyle
- It is thin and narrow.
- A blow on the chin or body of the mandible can produce a condylar-neck fracture, frequently on the opposite side of the impact.
- This is a common site of fracture.
-
Angle of mandible
- The bone is relatively weak in this region.
- An impacted or erupted third molar further weakens it by reducing the bony cross-sectional area.
- Hence fractures commonly occur through the angle.
-
Mental foramen / parasymphysis region
- The mental foramen creates a weak area.
- The region around the canine tooth is also vulnerable because of its deep socket.
- A direct blow can cause a fracture near the symphysis or parasymphysis.
Important applied anatomy
- A blow on the chin may cause:
- fracture of the symphysis or parasymphysis at the point of impact, and
- a condylar-neck fracture, often contralateral, due to transmitted force.
- Therefore, always suspect a second fracture when one mandibular fracture is found.
- Fractures through tooth-bearing areas often communicate with the oral cavity and may be considered compound fractures.
- Displacement is caused by muscle pull:
- Masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid elevate the posterior fragment.
- Digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid tend to pull the anterior fragment downward.
Viva answer:
The common weak points of the mandible are the neck of condyle, angle of mandible, and mental foramen/parasymphysis region. Fracture may occur by direct or indirect violence. Since the mandible is ring-shaped, one fracture should make us look for another fracture, especially a contralateral condylar fracture.
The common weak points of the mandible are the neck of condyle, angle of mandible, and mental foramen/parasymphysis region. Fracture may occur by direct or indirect violence. Since the mandible is ring-shaped, one fracture should make us look for another fracture, especially a contralateral condylar fracture.
This accords with standard clinical anatomy descriptions: the condylar neck is thin and readily fractures after transmitted force, while the angle and mental-foramen region are recognized weak areas in mandibular fracture anatomy.
Make a concise viva answer on mandibular fractures
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mandible fracture clinical anatomy weak points condylar neck angle parasymphysis
Mandibular fracture: concise viva answer
Mandible is commonly fractured because it is a mobile, exposed, ring-shaped bone.
Causes: road-traffic accidents, assault, falls, and blows to the chin.
Weak points / common sites of fracture:
- Neck of condyle - commonest site due to its thinness
- Angle of mandible - particularly with an impacted third molar
- Parasymphysis / mental-foramen region - weakened by the mental foramen and canine socket
Clinical correlation:
- Fracture may result from direct violence at the site of impact or indirect violence at a distant weak point.
- A blow on the chin can produce a parasymphysis fracture with a contralateral condylar-neck fracture.
- Since the mandible is ring shaped, always look for a second fracture if one fracture is found.
- Fractures in tooth-bearing parts commonly communicate with the oral cavity and may be compound fractures.
- Muscle pull causes displacement and produces malocclusion.
One-line answer:
The weak points of the mandible are the neck of condyle, angle, and parasymphysis near the mental foramen. Fractures can be direct or indirect, are often multiple because the mandible is ring shaped, and may cause malocclusion due to muscle pull.
The weak points of the mandible are the neck of condyle, angle, and parasymphysis near the mental foramen. Fractures can be direct or indirect, are often multiple because the mandible is ring shaped, and may cause malocclusion due to muscle pull.
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