I now have enough information from authoritative textbooks to give you a thorough, accurate answer. Here it is:
Important Disclaimer First
I am an AI - I cannot diagnose ADHD or any medical condition. Only a qualified clinician (psychiatrist, psychologist, or GP) can do that through a proper assessment. What I can do is walk you through what ADHD actually is, the official diagnostic criteria, and what the evaluation process looks like so you can have an informed conversation with a doctor.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the prefrontal cortex - the brain region responsible for executive function, attention regulation, impulse control, and emotional regulation. It affects approximately 5-9% of children and persists into adulthood in 50-70% of cases. It occurs about twice as often in males, though females more often present with the inattentive type.
- Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, p. 419-421
- Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, p. 1407
The Official DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
To be diagnosed with ADHD under DSM-5, you need symptoms from one or both of the following groups:
Group A - Inattention (5+ symptoms for adults, 6+ for children under 17):
- Frequently fails to pay close attention to details / makes careless mistakes
- Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks or activities
- Seems not to listen when spoken to directly
- Fails to follow through on instructions / doesn't finish tasks
- Difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- Avoids or dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental effort
- Frequently loses things necessary for tasks (keys, phone, papers)
- Easily distracted by unrelated stimuli
- Forgetful in daily activities
Group B - Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (5+ symptoms for adults, 6+ for children under 17):
- Fidgets with hands/feet, squirms in seat
- Leaves seat when expected to remain seated
- Runs or climbs in inappropriate situations (in adults: feeling of restlessness)
- Unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
- "On the go," as if "driven by a motor"
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers before a question is finished
- Difficulty waiting their turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others
The Three Presentations:
- Combined - symptoms from both groups
- Predominantly Inattentive - mainly attention difficulties
- Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive - mainly hyperactivity/impulsivity
Additional Requirements for Diagnosis:
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Symptoms must have been present before age 12
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Symptoms must occur in at least 2 settings (e.g., home AND work/school)
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Symptoms must cause meaningful impairment to functioning
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Symptoms are not better explained by another condition (anxiety, mood disorder, seizure disorder, thyroid problems, etc.)
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Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, p. 419-420
How ADHD Is Properly Evaluated
According to clinical guidelines, a proper ADHD evaluation includes:
- Detailed clinical interview - personal and family psychiatric history, developmental history
- Multi-setting informants - reports from home, work, or school
- Validated questionnaires - such as the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1), which is the most widely used validated screening tool
- Medical history review - to rule out conditions mimicking ADHD (thyroid problems, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, seizures, vision/hearing issues)
- Cardiac assessment - especially before starting stimulant treatment
No specific lab test is diagnostic of ADHD - history and clinical judgment are the foundation.
- Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, p. 1435
Quick Self-Screening (Not Diagnostic)
The
WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a validated 6-item Part A screener. Scoring 14+ on Part A suggests your symptom profile is consistent with ADHD and warrants professional evaluation.
What Should You Do?
- See your GP first - describe your specific concerns and how long you've had them
- Ask for a referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist for formal assessment
- Bring examples of how symptoms affect your daily life (work, relationships, organization, focus)
- Consider completing the ASRS screener beforehand and sharing the results with your doctor
Are you asking about symptoms you're experiencing yourself? If you share more details about what you're noticing, I can help you think through whether they might be worth discussing with a doctor.