morphological features of prostatic hyperplasia according to Robbins along eith figure so that i can memorize
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benign prostatic hyperplasia Robbins gross morphology nodular enlargement histology glands stroma
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Robbins Basic Pathology benign prostatic hyperplasia morphology nodular hyperplasia periurethral zone
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - Morphology (Robbins)
Core idea: BPH is a nodular hyperplasia of both glands and fibromuscular stroma occurring in the transition zone, around the urethra.
Gross morphology
| Feature | What to remember |
|---|---|
| Site | Transition (periurethral) zone |
| Size/weight | Prostate often enlarges 3-5 times, typically 60-100 g or more |
| Pattern | Multiple, well-circumscribed hyperplastic nodules |
| Urethral effect | Nodules encroach upon and compress the prostatic urethra into a slit-like lumen |
| Cut surface | Nodules can be solid or contain cystic spaces |
| Why cystic? | Cystic spaces represent dilated hyperplastic glands |
Microscopic morphology
-
Nodules contain variable proportions of:
- Glandular proliferation
- Fibromuscular stromal proliferation
Thus, some nodules are predominantly glandular, while others are predominantly stromal.
-
Glands
- Increased in number and often large/dilated.
- Lined by tall columnar secretory cells.
- Show characteristic papillary infoldings into the lumen.
-
Basal-cell layer is retained
- A peripheral layer of flattened basal cells remains present.
- This is an important distinction from prostatic adenocarcinoma, where basal cells are absent.
-
Luminal secretion
- Gland lumina may contain laminated eosinophilic proteinaceous concretions called corpora amylacea.
One-line exam answer
BPH is a nodular proliferation of glands and fibromuscular stroma in the transition/periurethral zone, producing an enlarged prostate with nodules that compress the urethra. Microscopically, glands are increased and often cystically dilated, show papillary infoldings, retain a basal-cell layer, and may contain corpora amylacea.
Memory aid: “TUGS BPH”
- T - Transition zone
- U - Urethra compressed into a slit
- G - Glands proliferate, dilate, and show papillary infoldings
- S - Stroma also proliferates, fibromuscular
- B - Basal cells present
- P - Prostatic nodules, solid or cystic
- H - Hyaline laminated secretions = corpora amylacea
BPH versus carcinoma: high-yield contrast
| BPH | Prostatic adenocarcinoma |
|---|---|
| Transition/periurethral zone | Usually peripheral zone |
| Nodular, often symmetrical enlargement | Infiltrative lesion, may be palpable posteriorly |
| Basal cells present | Basal cells absent |
| Urinary obstruction is common | May be asymptomatic initially |
Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology, p. 659-660: BPH involves the transition zone, compresses the urethra, and consists of proliferating glands plus fibromuscular stroma, with retained basal cells and possible corpora amylacea.
Make a labeled BPH morphology diagram
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