IISER IAT Biology - Expected PYQs & High-Weightage Topics

Exam Pattern (Biology Section)

• 15 MCQs (single correct answer)
• 4 marks each, -1 for wrong answer
• Difficulty: Usually Easy to Moderate (most scoring section)
• Mostly NCERT Class 11 & 12 based, with application-level twists

Chapter-Wise Weightage & Expected Topics

1. Human Physiology (2-3 questions every year - MOST IMPORTANT)

• Digestion - enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, amylase), their sites of action and pH
• Mechanism of breathing - tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume
• Blood composition - plasma proteins, clotting cascade, blood groups (ABO, Rh)
• Nephron structure and urine formation (ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption)
• Action potential - resting vs. action potential, Na+/K+ pump
• Cardiac cycle - systole/diastole, heart sounds, ECG basics
• Hormones - insulin/glucagon, thyroid hormones, ADH, oxytocin

Which enzyme converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin? (A) Pepsin (B) Enterokinase (C) Chymotrypsin (D) Amylase Answer: (B) Enterokinase

2. Genetics & Molecular Biology (2-3 questions every year)

• Mendel's laws - dihybrid cross ratios (9:3:3:1 and modified ratios)
• Co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked inheritance
• DNA replication - semi-conservative, enzymes (helicase, primase, DNA polymerase III/I, ligase)
• Transcription vs. Translation differences
• Genetic code properties - degeneracy, universality, non-overlapping
• Operon model - Lac operon (inducible), Trp operon (repressible)
• Mutations - point mutations, frameshift mutations

In a testcross of a dihybrid, the ratio of offspring is: (A) 9:3:3:1 (B) 1:1:1:1 (C) 3:1 (D) 1:2:1 Answer: (B) 1:1:1:1

3. Plant Physiology (2 questions every year)

• Photosynthesis - light reactions (Z-scheme, photophosphorylation), Calvin cycle (C3 pathway)
• C3 vs. C4 plants (Kranz anatomy, PEP carboxylase, bundle sheath cells)
• CAM plants and their adaptations
• Mineral nutrition - macro vs. micronutrients, deficiency symptoms
• Plant hormones - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA and their functions
• Transpiration - stomatal mechanism, guard cell regulation

The first stable product of CO₂ fixation in C4 plants is: (A) 3-PGA (B) OAA (C) Pyruvate (D) Malate Answer: (B) OAA (Oxaloacetate)

4. Ecology (1-2 questions every year)

• Population growth - logistic vs. exponential, carrying capacity (K), r and K strategies
• Ecological pyramids - pyramid of numbers, biomass, energy
• Nutrient cycling - nitrogen cycle (key organisms at each step), carbon cycle
• Biodiversity - alpha, beta, gamma diversity; hotspots; endemic species
• Food chain/food web - trophic levels, 10% energy rule
• Symbiosis types - mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, amensalism

Which type of ecological pyramid is always upright? (A) Pyramid of numbers (B) Pyramid of biomass (C) Pyramid of energy (D) All of the above Answer: (C) Pyramid of energy

5. Cell Biology & Biomolecules (1-2 questions, rising trend)

• Cell organelles - functions of mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, Golgi
• Cell membrane - fluid mosaic model, types of transport (active, passive, facilitated)
• Cell cycle - G1, S, G2, M phases; checkpoints; cyclins and CDKs
• Mitosis vs. Meiosis differences and significance
• Enzymes - activation energy, Km, Vmax, competitive vs. non-competitive inhibition
• Biomolecules - structure of DNA/RNA, types of lipids, protein denaturation

6. Reproduction (1-2 questions)

• Gametogenesis - spermatogenesis vs. oogenesis
• Menstrual cycle - follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase; LH/FSH roles
• Embryonic development - cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, germ layers
• Reproductive health - contraceptive methods, STIs, infertility
• Plant reproduction - pollination types, double fertilization, seed/fruit formation

7. Biotechnology (1-2 questions, increasing trend)

• Restriction enzymes - sticky ends vs. blunt ends, palindromic sequences
• PCR - steps (denaturation, annealing, extension), use of Taq polymerase
• Gel electrophoresis - separation principle, smaller fragments travel farther
• Recombinant DNA technology - vectors (plasmid, phage), selectable markers
• Transgenic organisms - Bt cotton (Cry proteins), Golden Rice
• ELISA and blotting techniques (Southern, Northern, Western)

In PCR, Taq polymerase is used because it: (A) Works at low temperature (B) Is heat-stable (C) Can replicate RNA (D) Requires no primer Answer: (B) Is heat-stable

8. Evolution (1 question)

• Darwin vs. Lamarck - key differences in theory
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and conditions for it
• Types of natural selection (directional, stabilizing, disruptive)
• Evidence for evolution - comparative anatomy (homologous vs. analogous), fossil record
• Speciation - allopatric vs. sympatric

Priority Summary Table

Preparation Tips

1. NCERT is the Bible - Nearly all IAT biology questions are traceable to NCERT Class 11 & 12. Read every line, including diagrams and tables.
2. Solve PYQs 2017-2025 - Download papers from CRISPR Learning which has all papers with solutions and analysis.
3. Biology is your scoring section - Target 12-13/15 correct. It is consistently rated "Easy" by toppers.
4. Diagrams matter - Practice drawing and labeling: nephron, heart, chloroplast, mitochondria, DNA replication fork.
5. Application-based questions - IAT does not ask pure rote facts; expect questions like "what happens if X is absent" or "what would be the ratio if..."

IAT 2025 Biology - Paper Analysis (May 25, 2025)

Exam Overview

IAT 2025 Biology - Chapter-Wise Weightage

IAT 2024 Biology - Solved Questions (Official Paper)

Q1. Meiosis & Reproduction (Genetics/Reproduction)

• (A) - Correct. Microspores are produced from pollen mother cells via meiosis (microsporogenesis).
• (B) - INCORRECT. Polar bodies are a feature of animal oogenesis, NOT plant meiosis. Plants do not produce polar bodies - all four megaspores are initially formed, then 3 degenerate.
• (C) - Correct. Recombination occurs in both microsporogenesis (male) and megasporogenesis (female).
• (D) - Correct. In monosporic development (most angiosperms), 3 megaspores degenerate; only 1 functional megaspore survives to form the embryo sac.

Q2. Double Fertilization & Ploidy (Reproduction)

• Embryo (2n): egg (n=10 from P) + sperm (n=15 from Q) = 25 chromosomes
• Endosperm (3n): 2 polar nuclei (n=10 each, from P) + 1 sperm (n=15 from Q) = 35 chromosomes
• Seed coat (testa): Derived from maternal integuments of P = 20 chromosomes (2n of P)

Q3. Oxygen Dissociation Curve (Human Physiology)

• (A) Correct - Low [H⁺] = alkaline = high pH = LEFT shift (Curve A). This means Hb holds O₂ more tightly (favours association/loading), but from the perspective of "O₂ dissociation at low [H⁺]", the curve A shifts left, favouring O₂ retention.
• (B) Wrong - Low pCO₂ causes left shift (Curve A), not C. Curve C is right-shifted.
• (C) Wrong - Low pH = acidic = HIGH [H⁺] = RIGHT shift (Curve C), not A.
• (D) Wrong - High pO₂ is the X-axis itself; it doesn't define which curve is which.

IAT 2024 Biology - Chapter-Wise Analysis

• "Difficulty was easier than expected. Biology was moderate. Nothing outside syllabus was asked." - Sakhshi
• "Questions were approach-based. Those who had JEE preparation found the exam similar in difficulty." - Umang
• Expected cut-off: 150+

Where to Download Full Solved Papers

Key Takeaways from 2024-2025 Papers

1. Human Physiology dominates (3-4 Qs) - master O₂-Hb curve, nephron, hormones, neural coordination
2. Reproduction is concept-heavy - double fertilization ploidy calculations appear almost every year
3. Genetics is application-based - expect dihybrid ratios, meiosis concepts, not just rote definitions
4. Ecology is easy marks - always 1-2 straightforward questions on population ecology or nutrient cycles
5. Biotechnology is rising - PCR, gel electrophoresis, and recombinant DNA now appear regularly
6. No questions outside NCERT - every question in 2024 and 2025 was traceable to Class 11 or 12 NCERT

🎯 IAT 2026 Biology - Last 3 Din Ka Crash Plan

⚡ PRIORITY 1 - Human Physiology (3-4 Questions PAKKA aayenge)

Expected Q1 - O₂-Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Haemoglobin ka oxygen dissociation curve right shift kab hota hai? (A) High pH (B) Low CO₂ (C) High temperature (D) Low 2,3-BPG

Expected Q2 - Nephron & Urine Formation

Glomerular filtrate mein se glucose kahan reabsorb hota hai? (A) Loop of Henle (B) Collecting duct (C) Proximal Convoluted Tubule (D) Distal Convoluted Tubule

Expected Q3 - Hormones

Insulin aur Glucagon dono kahan se secrete hote hain? (A) Adrenal cortex (B) Islets of Langerhans (C) Thyroid (D) Pituitary

Expected Q4 - Neural Coordination (Action Potential)

Resting membrane potential mein axon ke andar kaun sa ion zyada hota hai? (A) Na⁺ (B) Cl⁻ (C) K⁺ (D) Ca²⁺

⚡ PRIORITY 2 - Genetics & Molecular Biology (2-3 Questions)

Expected Q5 - DNA Replication

DNA replication mein Okazaki fragments kahan bante hain? (A) Leading strand (B) Lagging strand (C) Both strands (D) Template strand only

Expected Q6 - Lac Operon

Lac operon mein jab lactose absent ho, toh kya hota hai? (A) RNA polymerase operator se bind karta hai (B) Repressor operator se bind karta hai - transcription rokta hai (C) Structural genes express hote hain (D) Beta-galactosidase banti hai

Expected Q7 - Mendelian Genetics

AaBbCc × AaBbCc cross mein AABBcc genotype ki probability kya hai? (A) 1/4 (B) 1/8 (C) 1/16 (D) 1/64

⚡ PRIORITY 3 - Plant Physiology (2 Questions)

Expected Q8 - C3 vs C4 Plants

C4 plants mein CO₂ fixation ki pehli jagah kahan hoti hai? (A) Bundle sheath cells (B) Mesophyll cells (C) Guard cells (D) Epidermal cells

Expected Q9 - Plant Hormones

Fruit ripening ke liye konsa hormone zimmedar hai? (A) Auxin (B) Gibberellin (C) Ethylene (D) Cytokinin

⚡ PRIORITY 4 - Ecology (2 Questions)

Expected Q10 - Population Growth

Logistic growth mein population growth sabse zyada kab hoti hai? (A) Jab N = K (B) Jab N bahut chhota ho (C) Jab N = K/2 (D) K ke baad

Expected Q11 - Pyramid of Energy

Konsa ecological pyramid hamesha upright (seedha) hota hai? (A) Numbers ka pyramid (B) Biomass ka pyramid (C) Energy ka pyramid (D) Dono A aur B

⚡ PRIORITY 5 - Reproduction (1-2 Questions)

Expected Q12 - Double Fertilization (IAT ka FAVOURITE topic)

Angiosperm mein endosperm kaise banta hai? (A) Egg + sperm fusion se (B) 2 polar nuclei + sperm fusion se (C) Synergids se (D) Antipodal cells se

• Egg (n) + Sperm (n) = Embryo (2n)
• 2 Polar nuclei (n+n) + Sperm (n) = Endosperm (3n)
• Seed coat = maternal tissue = 2n (sirf mother ke chromosomes)

⚡ PRIORITY 6 - Biotechnology (1-2 Questions)

Expected Q13 - PCR

PCR mein annealing step mein kya hota hai? (A) DNA double helix toot ta hai (B) Primers template se bind karte hain (C) DNA synthesis hoti hai (D) Taq polymerase activate hota hai

Expected Q14 - Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzyme kya recognize karta hai? (A) Random sequences (B) Palindromic sequences (C) Promoter sequences (D) Terminator sequences

⚡ PRIORITY 7 - Cell Biology (1-2 Questions)

Expected Q15 - Cell Cycle

S-phase mein kya hota hai? (A) Cell divide hoti hai (B) DNA replication hoti hai (C) Cell badi hoti hai (D) Chromosomes condense hote hain

🔥 Last 3 Din Ka Time Table

📥 Free Resources (Abhi Download Karo)

• CRISPR Learning PYQs - 2017-2025 papers + solutions FREE
• SciAstra 50 Important Qs - App se free
• ExamSide Chapter-wise PYQs - Topic wise practice

IAT 2026 Biology CheatSheet

PDF Document · PDF

Download

Cheat Sheet mein kya kya hai:

IAT 2026 Biology MockTest

PDF Document · PDF

Download

Mock Test mein kya hai:

1. Question Paper - answer grid + 15 questions (45 min timer set karke solve karo)
2. Quick Answer Table - ek nazar mein sabhi correct answers
3. Detailed Explanations - har question ka full explanation + exam trick

• 52-60 = Excellent, IAT ready
• 44-52 = Good, thoda aur revise
• Below 44 = Weak topics dobara padho

IAT 2026 MockTest

HTML File · HTML

Download

Is mock test mein kya features hain:

1. File download karo
2. Double click → browser mein khulega
3. Timer start karo (45 min)
4. Questions solve karo, phir "Check Answer" dabao
5. End mein "Submit & See Score" dabao

IAT 2026 Biology — Full Mock Test

QUESTIONS

✅ ANSWER KEY

📖 SHORT EXPLANATIONS + TRICKS

📊 Score Karo

• Count karo kitne sahi kiye
• Score = (Correct × 4) − (Wrong × 1)

🔴 Sabse Commonly Galat Hone Wale Concepts — Simple Explanation

1. O₂-Hb Dissociation Curve (Q2)

"Muscle mein kaam hota hai → sab kuch BADHTA hai (CO₂, heat, acid) → curve RIGHT jata hai → O₂ chhoot jaata hai tissue ko"

2. Dihybrid Test Cross (Q3)

TtRr → gametes: TR, Tr, tR, tr (4 types, each 1/4)
ttrr → sirf ek gamete: tr

Offspring: TtRr | Ttrr | ttRr | ttrr
           1  :   1  :   1  :   1

3. DNA Replication Enzymes (Q4)

Pol III → banata hai fragment
Pol I   → RNA primer hatata hai + DNA se bharta hai
Ligase  → do fragments ko jodta hai (seal karta hai)

4. Logistic Growth Formula (Q6)

5. Double Fertilization Ploidy (Q7)

Plant A (2n=16) female → n = 8
Plant B (2n=24) male  → n = 12

Embryo    = egg + sperm      = 8 + 12  = 20
Endosperm = polar+polar+sperm = 8+8+12 = 28
Seed coat = sirf maa ka tissue = 16

6. PCR Copies (Q8)

• 2¹⁰ = 1024 ≈ 10³
• 2²⁰ ≈ 10⁶
• 2³⁰ ≈ 10⁹

7. p53 (Q9)

• p53 activate → cell cycle ROKO (G1/S checkpoint)
• Agar damage theek nahi hua → apoptosis (cell suicide)

8. Lac Operon Super-Repressor (Q10)

9. Hardy-Weinberg Calculation (Q12)

10. Endosymbiotic Theory (Q15)

🎯 Kal Ke Liye 2-Din Plan (5 aur 6 June)

• Upar ke 10 explanations 2 baar padho
• Formulas ek kagaz pe likh lo: dN/dt, 2pq, 2ⁿ, ploidy
• Human Physiology (Q1, Q2, Q11) ek baar NCERT se padho

• Yeh mock test dobara do (bina answers dekhe)
• Cheat sheet ek baar poora padho
• Raat ko sirf formulas review karo, zyada mat padho

IAT 2026 Biology — Mock Test 2

QUESTIONS

✅ ANSWER KEY

📖 EXPLANATIONS + TRICKS

• Nitrogen fixation: Rhizobium, Azotobacter → N₂ → NH₃
• Nitrification Step 1: Nitrosomonas → NH₃ → NO₂⁻
• Nitrification Step 2: Nitrobacter → NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻
• Denitrification: Pseudomonas → NO₃⁻ → N₂

1. ≥1500 endemic vascular plant species honi chahiye
2. ≥70% original habitat already destroyed ho chuka ho

• Down = Trisomy 21 (47 chromosomes, mental retardation, characteristic features)
• Turner = 45, XO (female, short stature, infertile)
• Klinefelter = 47, XXY (male, infertile, gynecomastia)
• Edward = Trisomy 18 (severe malformations)

📊 Apna Score Nikalo

Tera Real Score Analysis

Sirf Yeh 3 Topics Fix Karo — Kal Ka Exam Clear Ho Jayega

🔴 Careless Mistakes Rokne Ka Trick

Exam mein har question 2 baar padho before answering. Specifically: "NOT", "INCORRECT", "EXCEPT", "ALWAYS", "NEVER" wale words dhundho — IAT aksar yahi trick karta hai!

• "Which is NOT correct about..." → galti se sahi answer choose kar lete hain log
• "ALWAYS upright pyramid..." → "never" pe dhyan nahi dete

Aaj Kal Ka Last Plan (2 din mein 12+ target)

• Sirf wo 3 topics padho jo nahi aate the
• Ek baar cheat sheet ke saare formulas dekho

• Koi naya topic mat padho
• Sirf revision — formulas, tricks, shortcuts
• Raat ko 10 baje band karo padhai — neend zaroori hai!

• Breakfast khaao, calm raho
• Biology pehle attempt karo (easiest section)
• Har question carefully padho — "NOT/INCORRECT" dhundho
• Stuck ho toh skip karo, wapas aao

🧠 IAT 2026 — Exam Day Memory Tricks

(5 min padho, exam mein yaad aayega)

⚡ FORMULAS — BAS TEEN

dN/dt = rN(K−N)/K Max growth = N = K/2 (aadhi capacity pe) K pe growth = ZERO

p + q = 1 aur p² + 2pq + q² = 1 Pehle q² = recessive phenotype fraction Phir q = √q², p = 1−q, heterozygote = 2pq

Embryo = n♀ + n♂ Endosperm = n♀ + n♀ + n♂ Seed coat = sirf maa ka (2n)

🔴 BOHR EFFECT (Hamesha aata hai)

CO₂ ↑ | Temp ↑ | H⁺ ↑ (pH ↓) | 2,3-BPG ↑

🌿 PLANT HORMONES — EK LINE MEIN

🧬 GENETICS RATIOS — INSTANT RECALL

• Monohybrid (Aa×Aa) = 3:1
• Dihybrid (AaBb×AaBb) = 9:3:3:1
• Test cross dihybrid = 1:1:1:1 (hamesha)
• Incomplete dominance = 1:2:1
• X-linked: Sons ko X maa se milta hai → carrier maa = 1/2 sons affected

🔬 DNA REPLICATION — 3 ENZYMES ONLY

Pol III = banata hai (leading + lagging strand) Pol I = RNA primer hatata hai + DNA se bharta hai Ligase = Okazaki fragments jodata hai

🌱 C3 vs C4 — SEEDHA POINT

🫁 NEPHRON — KYA KAHAN HOTA HAI

PCT = glucose + amino acids = SAB reabsorb hota hai Loop of Henle = concentrate karta hai DCT = aldosterone kaam karta hai (Na⁺) CD = ADH kaam karta hai (water)

🥚 REPRODUCTION — 3 FACTS

Sperm 1 + Egg = Embryo (2n) Sperm 2 + 2 polar nuclei = Endosperm (3n)

LH surge = ovulation trigger (Day 14) FSH = follicle grow karta hai Corpus luteum = Progesterone banata hai

1 primary oocyte → 1 egg + 3 polar bodies (degenerate)

🧪 BIOTECHNOLOGY — 5 FACTS

PCR copies = 2ⁿ (30 cycles = 10⁹) PCR steps: Denature (94°C) → Anneal (55°C) → Extend (72°C) Taq polymerase = heat stable (Thermus aquaticus se) EcoRI cuts palindrome → sticky ends (4-base overhang) Bt cotton = Bacillus thuringiensis → Cry protein → bollworm marti hai

🌍 ECOLOGY — FAST RECALL

N₂ fix = Rhizobium (legumes), Azotobacter NH₃ → NO₂ = Nitrosomonas NO₂ → NO₃ = Nitrobacter NO₃ → N₂ = Pseudomonas (denitrification)

🧫 CELL BIOLOGY — QUICK HITS

G1 → S (DNA replication) → G2 → M (mitosis) p53 = brake = damage detect → arrest ya apoptosis

Mito + Chloro = circular DNA + 70S ribosomes + double membrane (endosymbiont proof) Lysosome = hydrolytic enzymes (intracellular digestion) Ribosome: 80S eukaryote cytoplasm | 70S prokaryote + mito + chloro

🐒 EVOLUTION — 2 LINES

Homologous = same origin, different function (divergent evolution) → bat wing, whale flipper, human arm Analogous = different origin, same function (convergent evolution) → bat wing vs insect wing H-W disturb = mutation, selection, drift, migration, non-random mating

🩺 CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS — INSTANT

⚠️ EXAM DAY TRAPS — DHYAN SE PADHO

❌ "NOT correct" — bahut log miss karte hain ❌ "ALWAYS" / "NEVER" — energy pyramid always upright ❌ "EXCEPT" wale questions — ulta sochna padta hai ✅ Agar 2 options eliminate kar sako → attempt karo (-1 worth it hai) ✅ Bilkul idea nahi → SKIP karo (0 > −1)

🎯 LAST LINE

IAT 2026 Biology — Mock Test 3 (Final Practice)

Slightly harder — exam ke bilkul barabar level

QUESTIONS

✅ ANSWER KEY

📖 EXPLANATIONS + TRICKS

• Prophase = chromosomes condense, spindle banta hai
• Metaphase = chromosomes middle mein align hote hain (equatorial plate)
• Anaphase = chromatids alag hoti hain, poles ki taraf jaati hain
• Telophase = nuclear envelope wapas banta hai

• "Lub" (S1) = AV valves (mitral + tricuspid) BAND hote hain = systole start
• "Dub" (S2) = Semilunar valves (aortic + pulmonary) BAND hote hain = diastole start

• mRNA = message (genetic code lata hai nucleus se)
• rRNA = ribosome ka structural part (peptide bond banata hai — ribozyme)
• tRNA = amino acid laata hai ribosome pe (anticodon sequence hoti hai)

Grass (10,000 J)
  → Grasshopper (1000 J) — 10%
    → Frog (100 J) — 10%
      → Snake (10 J) — 10%
        → Hawk (1 J) — 10%

• Freely filtered (plasma protein nahi hai)
• PCT ya DCT mein reabsorb NAHI hota
• Tubules mein secrete NAHI hota
• Isliye urine mein inulin = exactly filtered amount

• 3 Antipodal cells
• 2 Synergid cells
• 1 Egg cell
• 1 Central cell (2 polar nuclei hoti hain isme)

• ✅ ori — khud replicate ho sake
• ✅ Selectable marker — transformed cells identify karo
• ✅ MCS — restriction enzymes cut kar sakein
• ❌ Chhota size — large DNA difficult to manipulate, transform nahi hota efficiently

• Directional = ek extreme favour hota hai (e.g., darker moths survive better)
• Stabilising = middle/average phenotype survive karta hai (e.g., medium birth weight babies survive best)
• Disruptive = dono extremes survive karte hain, middle eliminate hota hai

• Humoral (antibody-mediated) = B cells → plasma cells → antibodies
• Cell-mediated = T cells → Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) directly infected cells kill karte hain; Helper T cells (CD4+) coordinate response

H₂O → PS II (P680) → Plastoquinone → Cyt b6f → Plastocyanin → PS I (P700) → Ferredoxin → NADPH

• PS II = water split karta hai → O₂ release
• PS I = NADPH banata hai
• ATP = electron transport chain mein banata hai (photophosphorylation)

• Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps Na⁺ OUT → cell ke andar Na⁺ concentration low hoti hai
• SGLT transporter glucose + Na⁺ dono ek saath andar lata hai (Na⁺ gradient use karke)
• Glucose concentration ke against jaata hai → energy use hoti hai (indirectly, ATP by Na⁺/K⁺ pump) = Secondary active transport

• Diabetes Mellitus = insulin problem → high blood glucose → glucose in urine (sweet urine)
• Diabetes Insipidus = ADH deficiency → collecting duct water reabsorb nahi kar sakta → bahut zyada dilute urine (insipid = tasteless/bland)

📊 Tera Score Nikalo

Tera Overall Picture

Abhi Sirf Yeh 7 Questions Ke Concepts Pakad Lo

PS II → PS I (II se I — ulta lagta hai lekin yahi sahi hai) PS II = water split + O₂ out PS I = NADPH banta hai

7 cells, 8 nuclei — central cell mein 2 polar nuclei hoti hain isliye 8

Har trophic level pe ek zero hatao Snake = 4th level = 10,000 → 1000 → 100 → 10 J

Glucose intestine mein = Na⁺ gradient use karta hai = secondary active Na⁺/K⁺ pump = primary active (directly ATP)

Middle phenotype best = Stabilising One extreme best = Directional Both extremes = Disruptive

Lub = AV valves close (systole start) Dub = Semilunar valves close (diastole start)

Inulin = freely filtered, not reabsorbed, not secreted = perfect GFR marker

Kal Ka Plan (6 June — Last Day)

• Teen mock tests ke saare wrong questions ek baar padho
• Memory tricks sheet 2 baar padho (5 min)

• Formulas likho bina dekhe: dN/dt, H-W, ploidy
• Hormones table ek baar review karo

• NCERT ke diagrams dekho: nephron, O₂-Hb curve, menstrual cycle
• Koi naya topic mat padho

• 10 baje band karo
• Neend poori lo — tired brain = careless mistakes

Exam Din (7 June) — Last 5 Min

✅ N = K/2 = max growth ✅ p² + 2pq + q² = 1 ✅ Endosperm = 2n♀ + n♂ ✅ CHAT = CO₂/H⁺/Acid/Temp = right shift ✅ LH surge = ovulation ✅ Bt cotton = Bacillus thuringiensis ✅ Energy pyramid = ALWAYS upright

IAT 2026 Physics — Expected Topics & Questions

Note: Physics IAT mein sabse hard section hota hai. Biology mein jo marks bachaye (12-13) woh Physics ka cover karengy. Target 8-10 rakho — realistic hai.

Chapter-Wise Weightage (2017-2025 Trend)

PRIORITY 1 — Modern Physics (2-3 Qs — PAKKA AAYEGA)

Photoelectric Effect

Light of frequency 6×10¹⁴ Hz falls on a metal with work function 2 eV. What is the max KE of emitted photoelectrons? (h = 6.6×10⁻³⁴ J·s)

(A) 0.48 eV (B) 2.48 eV (C) 4.48 eV (D) 0 — no emission

E = hf = hc/λ
KE_max = hf − φ  (φ = work function)
Threshold frequency: f₀ = φ/h
Einstein's photoelectric equation

Bohr's Atomic Model

• Energy of nth orbit: Eₙ = −13.6/n² eV (Hydrogen)
• Radius of nth orbit: rₙ = 0.529 × n² Å
• Frequency of emitted photon: hf = E_higher − E_lower

Hydrogen atom electron jumps from n=3 to n=1. What series does this belong to? (A) Balmer (B) Lyman (C) Paschen (D) Brackett

n→1 = Lyman (UV)
n→2 = Balmer (Visible — VIBGYOR)
n→3 = Paschen (IR)
n→4 = Brackett (IR)

Nuclear Physics

Half life of a radioactive element is 10 days. What fraction remains after 30 days? (A) 1/2 (B) 1/4 (C) 1/8 (D) 1/16

PRIORITY 2 — Work, Energy & Power (2 Qs)

A 2 kg ball is dropped from 10 m height. Just before hitting ground, its KE is: (g=10 m/s²) (A) 100 J (B) 200 J (C) 20 J (D) 50 J

KE = ½mv²
PE = mgh
Work-Energy theorem: W_net = ΔKE
Conservation: KE + PE = constant (no friction)
Power = W/t = F·v
Elastic collision: KE conserved
Inelastic collision: KE not conserved, momentum conserved

Two equal masses, one at rest. First one hits with velocity v. After elastic collision: (A) First stops, second moves with v (B) Both move with v/2 (C) First continues, second stops (D) Both stop

PRIORITY 3 — Waves (2 Qs)

v = fλ  (wave speed = frequency × wavelength)
Speed of sound in air ≈ 340 m/s
Doppler effect:
  f_observed = f_source × (v ± v_observer)/(v ∓ v_source)
  (+) when approaching, (−) when receding
Standing waves: nodes (zero amplitude), antinodes (max amplitude)

A sound source moves toward a stationary observer at 34 m/s. Source frequency = 500 Hz, speed of sound = 340 m/s. Observed frequency? (A) 450 Hz (B) 500 Hz (C) 550 Hz (D) 553 Hz

PRIORITY 4 — Magnetism & EMI (2 Qs)

Force on moving charge: F = qvB sinθ
Force on current wire: F = BIL sinθ
Magnetic field of solenoid: B = μ₀nI
Faraday's law: EMF = −dΦ/dt  (Φ = magnetic flux = BA cosθ)
Lenz's law: induced current opposes the change

A rectangular coil is pulled out of a uniform magnetic field. The induced current will: (A) Flow to oppose the decrease in flux (Lenz's law) (B) Flow in same direction as original flux (C) Be zero — flux is constant (D) Depend on resistance only

PRIORITY 5 — Thermodynamics (1-2 Qs)

First Law: ΔU = Q − W  (energy conservation)
Isothermal: Temp constant → ΔU = 0 → Q = W
Adiabatic: Q = 0 → ΔU = −W
Isochoric: V constant → W = 0 → ΔU = Q
Isobaric: P constant → W = PΔV
Second Law: Heat flows from hot to cold naturally
Carnot efficiency: η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot  (temperatures in Kelvin!)

A Carnot engine operates between 500 K and 300 K. Its efficiency is: (A) 60% (B) 40% (C) 50% (D) 30%

PRIORITY 6 — Optics (1-2 Qs)

Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u
Magnification: m = −v/u (mirror), m = v/u (lens)
Snell's law: n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂
Critical angle: sin C = n₂/n₁ (TIR condition)
Power of lens: P = 1/f (in dioptres, f in metres)

A convex lens has focal length 20 cm. An object is placed 30 cm from it. Image distance? (A) 60 cm (B) −60 cm (C) 12 cm (D) −12 cm

PRIORITY 7 — Kinematics (1-2 Qs)

v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
s_nth = u + a(2n−1)/2
Projectile: Range = u²sin2θ/g, Max height = u²sin²θ/2g
Time of flight = 2u sinθ/g
Maximum range when θ = 45°

A ball is thrown at 45° with speed 20 m/s. Maximum range? (g = 10 m/s²) (A) 20 m (B) 40 m (C) 80 m (D) 10 m

PRIORITY 8 — Current Electricity (1-2 Qs)

Ohm's law: V = IR
Resistors in series: R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
Resistors in parallel: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂
Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Kirchhoff's laws:
  KCL: Sum of currents at junction = 0
  KVL: Sum of voltages in loop = 0
Wheatstone bridge balanced: R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄

EXAM DAY PHYSICS STRATEGY

✅ Modern Physics pehle solve karo — fast aur conceptual ✅ Energy conservation questions = easy marks (KE+PE = constant) ✅ Dimensional analysis se options eliminate karo ✅ Graphs dekho carefully — IAT mein graph-based questions aate hain

❌ Long calculations mein time mat waste karo ❌ Agar formula yaad nahi → SKIP karo (−1 se bacho) ❌ Rotational motion ke complex numericals mein mat phaso

Physics Topic Priority Summary

MUST DO (2-3 Qs each):
✅ Modern Physics — Photoelectric, Bohr model, Radioactivity
✅ Work-Energy — Conservation, collisions
✅ Waves — Doppler, standing waves

SHOULD DO (1-2 Qs each):
✅ Thermodynamics — Carnot efficiency
✅ Optics — Mirror/lens formula
✅ Magnetism — Lenz's law, Lorentz force
✅ Kinematics — Projectile motion

IF TIME PERMITS:
⚡ Current electricity — Kirchhoff's laws
⚡ Electrostatics — Coulomb's law

IAT 2026 Physics — Practice Mock Test

QUESTIONS

✅ ANSWER KEY

📖 FULL EXPLANATIONS + TRICKS

E = hc/λ = (6.6×10⁻³⁴ × 3×10⁸) / (4000×10⁻¹⁰)
  = 19.8×10⁻²⁶ / 4×10⁻⁷
  = 4.95×10⁻¹⁹ J
  = 4.95×10⁻¹⁹ / 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ eV
  = 3.1 eV

→ n=1 = Lyman (UV)
→ n=2 = Balmer (Visible — VIBGYOR colors!)
→ n=3 = Paschen (Infrared)
→ n=4 = Brackett (Infrared)

After 1 half-life: 1/2
After 2 half-lives: 1/4
After 3 half-lives: 1/8
After 4 half-lives: 1/16

PE lost = KE gained
mgh = ½mv²
v² = 2gh = 2 × 10 × 8 = 160
v = √160 = √(16×10) = 4√10 ≈ 12.6... 

v = √(2×10×8) = √160 ≈ 12.6 m/s

When m₁ = m₂ and one is at rest:
→ Moving ball COMPLETELY STOPS
→ Stationary ball moves with FULL original velocity

f_observed = f_source × v/(v − v_source)
           = 800 × 340/(340 − 20)
           = 800 × 340/320
           = 800 × 1.0625
           = 850 Hz

η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot  (ALWAYS in Kelvin!)
η = 1 − 300/600
η = 1 − 0.5
η = 0.5 = 50%

1/v − 1/(−40) = 1/20
1/v + 1/40 = 1/20
1/v = 1/20 − 1/40 = 2/40 − 1/40 = 1/40
v = +40 cm

H = u²sin²θ / 2g
H = (40)² × sin²(30°) / (2×10)
H = 1600 × (0.5)² / 20
H = 1600 × 0.25 / 20
H = 400/20
H = 20 m

1/R = 1/3 + 1/6 + 1/9
    = 6/18 + 3/18 + 2/18
    = 11/18
R = 18/11 ≈ 1.636 Ω ≈ 1.6 Ω

m_electron << m_proton
→ 1/√m_electron >> 1/√m_proton
→ λ_electron >> λ_proton

📊 Score Nikalo

⚡ Physics Exam Day — 5 Lines Yaad Rakho

1. E = hf = hc/λ = 1240/λ(nm) eV  ← shortcut!
2. N = N₀ × (1/2)^n  (n = half-lives count karo)
3. η_Carnot = 1 − T_cold/T_hot  (Kelvin mein!)
4. Equal mass elastic collision = complete transfer
5. Lenz = oppose the change (ALWAYS)

IAT 2026 — Expected & Repeated PYQs

Biology (15) + Physics (15) = 30 Questions

🧬 BIOLOGY — 15 Questions

⚛️ PHYSICS — 15 Questions

✅ ANSWER KEY

Biology Answers

Physics Answers

📖 EXPLANATIONS — IMPORTANT ONES

• Field due to +Q points AWAY from +Q (toward −Q side) ✓
• Field due to −Q points TOWARD −Q (also toward −Q side) ✓ Both fields point in SAME direction → they ADD, not cancel! Total field = 2× individual field, non-zero. Trick: Same sign charges at midpoint = cancel. Opposite signs = ADD at midpoint.

📊 Score Calculation

⚡ MOST REPEATED CONCEPTS — Last Day Revision List

1. N = K/2 → max logistic growth
2. LH surge → ovulation Day 14
3. Endosperm = 2n♀ + n♂
4. Degeneracy = multiple codons, 1 amino acid
5. PEP carboxylase = C4 primary CO₂ fixation
6. Energy pyramid = ALWAYS upright
7. ABA = stomata close
8. p53 = DNA damage checkpoint

1. Eₙ = −13.6/n² eV (Hydrogen energy levels)
2. N = N₀ × (1/2)^n (half-life)
3. η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot (Carnot, Kelvin mein!)
4. Beat frequency = |f₁−f₂|
5. sin C = 1/n (critical angle)
6. r = mv/qB (circular motion in magnetic field)
7. PE_spring = ½kx² (quadratic!)

Commonly Galat Hone Wale Concepts

RIGHT shift causes: CO₂↑, H⁺↑, Temp↑, 2,3-BPG ↑ Answer tha: Decreased 2,3-BPG — yeh LEFT shift karta hai, right shift nahi

Spindle nahi bana → chromosomes align hi nahi ho sakte Yeh METAPHASE mein hota hai arrest

Tera Overall Progress Today

Kal Exam Se Pehle — Sirf Itna Karo

• Memory tricks sheet ek baar padho (woh jo pehle diya tha)
• Formulas bina dekhe ek baar likho
• 10 baje so jao — neend MUST hai

• Breakfast khaao
• Memory tricks 5 min padho
• Exam mein Biology PEHLE karo
• Har question mein NOT/EXCEPT/INCORRECT dhundho
• Agar nahi aata → SKIP karo, wapas aao

IAT 2026 Chemistry — Expected & Repeated PYQs

15 MCQs | +4 Correct | −1 Wrong | Time: 40 min

QUESTIONS

✅ ANSWER KEY

📖 EXPLANATIONS + TRICKS

CO₂  → 2 bond pairs, 0 lone pairs → LINEAR
BeCl₂ → 2 bond pairs, 0 lone pairs → LINEAR
BF₃  → 3 bond pairs, 0 lone pairs → TRIGONAL PLANAR
H₂O  → 2 bond pairs, 2 lone pairs → BENT (V-shaped)
NH₃  → 3 bond pairs, 1 lone pair  → TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL

Cr (Z=24) → [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹  (half-filled d = stable)
Cu (Z=29) → [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ (fully-filled d = stable)

• High pressure → equilibrium shifts to FEWER moles side → toward NH₃ ✅
• Add N₂ → shifts to right → more NH₃ ✅
• High temperature → shifts LEFT (endothermic direction) ❌
• Catalyst → doesn't change yield, only rate

0 = ΔH − TΔS
T = ΔH/ΔS = 200,000 J / 100 J/K = 2000 K

1. n-Butane: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ (straight chain)
2. Isobutane: (CH₃)₃CH (branched — 2-methylpropane)

Cathode (reduction) = Cu²⁺/Cu = +0.34V
Anode (oxidation) = Zn²⁺/Zn = −0.76V
EMF = +0.34 − (−0.76) = 0.34 + 0.76 = 1.10 V

Primary alcohol → Aldehyde (PCC, mild oxidant — stops here)
Primary alcohol → Carboxylic acid (KMnO₄ or K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄ — strong oxidant)

Zero order: t½ = [A]₀/2k  (depends on concentration)
First order: t½ = 0.693/k  (INDEPENDENT of concentration)
Second order: t½ = 1/k[A]₀ (depends on concentration)

Aldehydes (R-CHO) → POSITIVE (reduce Ag⁺ to Ag metal = silver mirror)
Ketones (R-CO-R) → NEGATIVE (cannot reduce Tollens' reagent)

1. More oxygen atoms → more electronegative pull → O-H bond weakens → easier H⁺ release
2. Higher oxidation state of central atom

HClO  = Cl in +1 → weakest acid
HClO₂ = Cl in +3
HClO₃ = Cl in +5
HClO₄ = Cl in +7 → strongest acid

Secondary > Primary > Tertiary > NH₃

Glucose = reducing (free aldehyde group) ✅
Fructose = reducing (free ketone, special case) ✅
Maltose = reducing ✅
Lactose = reducing ✅
SUCROSE = NON-reducing ❌ (glycosidic bond between both anomeric carbons — no free group)
Starch, Cellulose = non-reducing ❌

Mn + 4×(−2) = −1
Mn − 8 = −1
Mn = +7

📊 Score

⚡ Chemistry Exam Day — 8 Must-Remember Points

1. Cr=[Ar]3d⁵4s¹, Cu=[Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ — exceptions to Aufbau
2. H₂O=bent, NH₃=pyramidal, CO₂=linear, BF₃=trigonal planar
3. EMF = E°cathode − E°anode (always positive for spontaneous)
4. t½ = 0.693/k (first order — concentration independent)
5. HClO₄ > HClO₃ > HClO₂ > HClO (more O = stronger acid)
6. Tollens' test = ALDEHYDE only (ketones negative)
7. Sucrose = only common NON-reducing sugar
8. T = ΔH/ΔS (transition temperature, joules mein!)

🚀 IAT 2026 — ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE CHEAT SHEET

All 4 Subjects | Read in 5 min before exam | 7 June 2026

🧬 BIOLOGY (Target: 12-13/15)

dN/dt = rN(K−N)/K → Max at N=K/2 | At N=K → growth=0 H-W: p+q=1 | p²+2pq+q²=1 → find q from √(q²), then 2pq Ploidy: Embryo=n♀+n♂ | Endosperm=2n♀+n♂ | Seed coat=2n(maa only) PCR copies = 2ⁿ (30 cycles = 10⁹)

LH surge = ovulation Day 14 | FSH = follicle growth | Corpus luteum = Progesterone C4 first product = OAA (PEP carboxylase, mesophyll) | C3 = 3-PGA (RuBisCO) Bohr effect: CO₂↑/H⁺↑/Temp↑/2,3-BPG↑ → RIGHT shift → O₂ released PCT = all glucose reabsorbed | CD + ADH = water | DCT + Aldosterone = Na⁺ p53 = brake = DNA damage checkpoint | Lost = cancer Lac operon: Lactose present → repressor off → genes ON PS II → splits water (O₂) → PS I → NADPH formed Meiosis: 4 haploid cells | Mitosis: 2 diploid cells | Crossing over = Prophase I

Insulin=↓glucose | Glucagon=↑glucose | ADH=water retention | LH=ovulation ABA=stomata CLOSE | Ethylene=fruit ripen | Gibberellin=stem tall

Energy pyramid = ALWAYS upright | 10% rule each level Mutualism(+/+) | Commensalism(+/0) | Parasitism(+/−) | Amensalism(0/−) Nitrosomonas=NH₃→NO₂ | Nitrobacter=NO₂→NO₃ | Rhizobium=N₂ fixation

Down=Trisomy 21 | Turner=45,XO | Klinefelter=47,XXY

⚛️ PHYSICS (Target: 8-10/15)

Eₙ = −13.6/n² eV (H atom) → n=1:−13.6 | n=2:−3.4 | n=3:−1.51 | n=4:−0.85 KE_max = hf − φ | Shortcut: E(eV) = 1240/λ(nm) Radioactivity: N = N₀×(1/2)ⁿ (n = no. of half-lives) Carnot: η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot (KELVIN only!) Projectile: H = u²sin²θ/2g | R = u²sin2θ/g | Max R at θ=45° r = mv/qB (circular in magnetic field) | r ∝ v PE_spring = ½kx² (double x → 4× energy!) Beat frequency = |f₁ − f₂| Doppler: f_obs = f_src × v/(v−v_src) [source approaching]

Series: n→1=Lyman(UV) | n→2=Balmer(Visible) | n→3=Paschen(IR) β⁻ decay: neutron → proton + electron + antineutrino Adiabatic: Q=0 | Isothermal: ΔU=0 | Isochoric: W=0 Equal mass elastic collision: moving stops, stationary moves at same speed Lenz's law: induced current OPPOSES change (lazy law) Parallel resistors: equivalent < smallest R | Series: R_total = sum P_series : P_parallel = 1:4 (same voltage, two identical R) Critical angle: sin C = n₂/n₁ = 1/n (glass to air) Horizontal projectile: time depends ONLY on height, not horizontal speed de Broglie: λ = h/mv → lighter particle = longer λ

Cr = [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ | Cu = [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ (half/full d = stable)

🧪 CHEMISTRY (Target: 10-12/15)

EMF = E°cathode − E°anode (always +ve for spontaneous) ΔG = ΔH − TΔS | Spontaneous: ΔG<0 | Transition T = ΔH/ΔS (joules!) t½ = 0.693/k (1st order — concentration independent!) Oxidation state: sum of all = overall charge of species

CO₂=linear | BF₃=trigonal planar | H₂O=bent | NH₃=pyramidal CH₄=tetrahedral | PCl₅=trigonal bipyramidal | SF₆=octahedral

Aldehyde vs Ketone: Tollens' test = aldehyde only (silver mirror) Fehling's test = aldehyde only (red/brick precipitate) PCC = alcohol→aldehyde (mild, stops at CHO) KMnO₄/K₂Cr₂O₇ = alcohol→carboxylic acid (strong, goes to COOH) Lucas test: tertiary > secondary > primary (speed of reaction)

Oxoacids: HClO₄ > HClO₃ > HClO₂ > HClO (more O = stronger) Amine basicity (aqueous): Secondary > Primary > Tertiary > NH₃ Reducing sugars: Glucose✅ Fructose✅ Maltose✅ Lactose✅ | Sucrose❌ (NON-reducing)

↑Pressure → shifts to fewer moles side ↑Temperature → shifts to endothermic side Catalyst → no shift, only faster equilibrium Haber process (NH₃): High P + moderate T + Fe catalyst

Zn-Cu Daniell cell EMF = 0.34−(−0.76) = 1.10 V Anode = oxidation (negative terminal) | Cathode = reduction (positive)

Zero order: t½ ∝ [A]₀ | First order: t½ = 0.693/k (conc. independent) Radioactive decay = always first order

📐 MATHS (Target: 10-12/15)

d/dx(xⁿ) = nxⁿ⁻¹ | d/dx(sinx)=cosx | d/dx(eˣ)=eˣ | d/dx(ln x)=1/x ∫xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹/(n+1) | ∫eˣ dx = eˣ | ∫1/x dx = ln|x| Maxima: f'(x)=0 AND f''(x)<0 | Minima: f'(x)=0 AND f''(x)>0

Quadratic roots: x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac))/2a | Discriminant D = b²−4ac D>0 = real roots | D=0 = equal roots | D<0 = imaginary roots AP: nth term = a+(n−1)d | Sum = n/2 × (2a+(n−1)d) GP: nth term = arⁿ⁻¹ | Sum = a(rⁿ−1)/(r−1) ⁿCr = n!/r!(n−r)! | Binomial: (a+b)ⁿ = Σ ⁿCr × aⁿ⁻ʳ × bʳ

P(A∪B) = P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B) P(A∩B) = P(A)×P(B) if independent Bayes: P(A|B) = P(B|A)×P(A)/P(B)

Distance = √((x₂−x₁)²+(y₂−y₁)²) Midpoint = ((x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2) Line: y=mx+c | slope m = (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁) Circle: (x−h)²+(y−k)²=r² | Parabola: y²=4ax (focus at (a,0))

sin²θ+cos²θ=1 | 1+tan²θ=sec²θ | 1+cot²θ=cosec²θ sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB sin30=½ | cos30=√3/2 | tan30=1/√3 sin45=cos45=1/√2 | tan45=1 sin60=√3/2 | cos60=½ | tan60=√3

Det of 2×2: |a b; c d| = ad−bc Inverse of 2×2 = (1/det) × |d −b; −c a| For unique solution: det≠0 | No solution/infinite: det=0

🎯 EXAM DAY RULES — READ BEFORE ENTERING HALL

✅ Biology FIRST — easiest, builds confidence
✅ Read EVERY question TWICE — find NOT/INCORRECT/EXCEPT
✅ Skip stuck questions — come back later
✅ Can eliminate 2 options? → ATTEMPT (−1 worth it)
✅ Zero idea? → SKIP (0 > −1)
✅ Time: 12 min per subject, 3 min per question
✅ Marks: +4 correct | −1 wrong | 0 skipped

TARGET:
Bio=12+  Physics=8+  Chemistry=10+  Maths=10+
Total target = 160+ (out of 240) = Good rank

IAT 2026 — PCB Students ke liye Rules

Yeh Matlab PCB wale kya karein?

Teri Actual Strategy (PCB — 2 din bacha hai)

Maths mein Easy Marks (Bina Deep Study ke)

n(A∪B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A∩B) Complement of A = U − A

P(event) = favourable outcomes / total outcomes P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A∩B) Coin toss: P(Head) = 1/2 | Dice: P(any number) = 1/6

AP nth term = a + (n−1)d GP nth term = ar^(n−1)

D = b²−4ac D>0 = 2 real roots | D=0 = equal roots | D<0 = no real roots

(1+x)ⁿ ≈ 1+nx (jab x bahut chhota ho) General term = ⁿCr × aⁿ⁻ʳ × bʳ

      0°    30°    45°    60°    90°
sin:  0    1/2   1/√2   √3/2    1
cos:  1   √3/2  1/√2   1/2     0
tan:  0   1/√3    1     √3      ∞

Slope = (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁) Distance between points = √((x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²)

Kal Ka Updated Plan (6 June)

• Biology weak topics revise (sirf galat wale questions)
• Chemistry top 8 formulas

• Maths ke 7 topics upar wale padho
• Ek baar basic questions solve karo mentally

• Physics Modern Physics + Energy ek baar
• Cheat sheet read karo

Tera Realistic Score Target

Biology:   13/15 = 52 marks  ✅ (tu already yahan hai!)
Chemistry: 10/15 = 40 marks  ✅
Physics:    8/15 = 32 marks  ✅
Maths:      5/15 = 20 marks  (easy ones attempt karo)
─────────────────────────────
TOTAL:     36/60 = 144/240 marks

IAT 2026 Maths — 15 Easy-Medium Questions

PCB Students ke liye | +4 Correct | −1 Wrong

QUESTIONS

✅ ANSWER KEY

📖 EXPLANATIONS + TRICKS

n(Cricket ∪ Football) = 30 + 25 − 10 = 45
Neither = Total − n(A∪B) = 50 − 45 = 5

10th term = 3 + (10−1)×4
          = 3 + 9×4
          = 3 + 36
          = 39

sin²30° = (1/2)² = 1/4
cos²60° = (1/2)² = 1/4
tan²45° = (1)²   = 1

Total = 1/4 + 1/4 + 1 = 0.25 + 0.25 + 1 = 1.5

5! = 5×4×3×2×1 = 120

= (7−3)/(6−2)
= 4/4
= 1

(x²−4)/(x−2) = (x+2)(x−2)/(x−2) = (x+2)
lim(x→2) = 2+2 = 4

⁵C₂ = 5!/(2!×3!) = (5×4)/(2×1) = 10

P(1st red) = 3/8
P(2nd red | 1st red) = 2/7  (now 2 red left, 7 balls total)
P(both red) = 3/8 × 2/7 = 6/56 = 3/28

|a b|
|c d|  = ad − bc

|2 3|
|1 4|  = (2×4) − (3×1) = 8 − 3 = 5

4th term = 2 × 3⁽⁴⁻¹⁾
         = 2 × 3³
         = 2 × 27
         = 54

f'(1) = 3(1)² + 4(1) − 5
      = 3 + 4 − 5
      = 2

x²−6x + y²+8y = 11
(x−3)² − 9 + (y+4)² − 16 = 11
(x−3)² + (y+4)² = 11 + 9 + 16 = 36

(3/5)² + cos²θ = 1
9/25 + cos²θ = 1
cos²θ = 1 − 9/25 = 16/25
cosθ = 4/5  (positive, 1st quadrant)

📊 Score

⚡ Maths Exam Day — PCB Student Strategy

1. Sets — n(A∪B) = n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)
2. Probability — P = favourable/total
3. AP/GP — nth term formula
4. sin/cos values (30,45,60,90)
5. Quadratic roots — factorize ya formula
6. Determinant — ad−bc
7. Limits — factorize if 0/0

Pehle easy wale solve karo (sets, probability, trig values) Skip lengthy integration/differentiation agar nahi aata 5-6 correct = 20-24 marks = kafi hai! Galat mat karo — 0 > −1 always

🔮 IAT 7 June 2026 — Expected Paper Prediction

Biology (Tera strongest — 12-13 expect karo)

• Logistic growth formula — dN/dt = rN(K-N)/K, N=K/2
• Double fertilization ploidy calculation
• LH surge → ovulation
• Bohr effect (O₂-Hb curve)
• C4 vs C3 (PEP carboxylase)
• DNA replication enzyme sequence
• Lac operon concept
• Hardy-Weinberg calculation (2pq)

Physics (Moderate-Hard — 7-9 expect karo)

• Photoelectric effect — KE = hf − φ
• Bohr model — Eₙ = −13.6/n² eV, spectral series
• Radioactivity — half-life calculation
• Carnot efficiency — η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot
• Doppler effect — frequency shift
• Lenz's law — qualitative question

• Work-Energy theorem based numerical
• Wave optics — Young's double slit ya diffraction
• de Broglie wavelength

Chemistry (Easy-Moderate — 10-11 expect karo)

• Le Chatelier's principle (Haber process angle)
• VSEPR shapes — H₂O, NH₃, CO₂
• Electrochemistry — EMF calculation
• Tollens' test / Fehling's test — aldehyde vs ketone
• First order kinetics — t½ = 0.693/k
• Reducing sugars — sucrose exception

• Coordination chemistry (oxidation state)
• Organic reactions — alcohol to acid/aldehyde

Overall Paper Prediction

Tera Personal Prediction

Last Advice — Kal Exam Ke Din

Pichle 2 din tune jo padha hai — woh enough hai. Aaj raat NAYA mat padho. Sirf memory tricks ek baar read karo aur so jao.

Biology pehle karo — confidence badhega Physics mein Modern Physics pehle — fastest marks Chemistry mein organic reactions skip mat karna Maths mein sets, probability, AP/GP dhundho — ye easy hote hain