chalazion
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chalazion American Academy Ophthalmology patient diagnosis treatment
A chalazion is a firm eyelid lump caused by blockage of an oil-producing meibomian gland. It is an inflammatory, lipogranulomatous lesion and is usually painless, unlike a stye (hordeolum), which is typically tender and infected.
What to do
- Apply a warm, clean compress to the closed lid for 10 to 15 minutes, 3 to 4 times daily.
- Gently massage the lid toward the eyelashes afterward.
- Avoid squeezing, puncturing, or trying to drain it yourself.
- Antibiotic drops or ointment usually do not help unless there is a secondary infection. A chalazion may persist for weeks to months. Textbook of Family Medicine 9e, Chalazion section.
See an eye clinician if it is not improving after several weeks, is large or affects vision, keeps returning, or occurs repeatedly in the same location. They may offer a steroid injection or a small incision-and-curettage procedure. The AAO management review discusses these options.
Get prompt care for marked pain, spreading redness/swelling, fever, vision change, pain with eye movement, or a rapidly enlarging/bleeding eyelid lump. A recurrent or atypical lesion sometimes needs biopsy to exclude a less common eyelid tumor.
full detailed for mbbs student
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A full MBBS-level note on chalazion can be covered as:
- Definition and terminology
- Relevant eyelid and meibomian gland anatomy
- Etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis
- Clinical features and types
- Differential diagnosis, especially hordeolum
- Examination and investigations
- Management, including conservative, medical, and surgical treatment
- Complications, prognosis, and recurrence
- Red flags and sebaceous gland carcinoma
- Exam-focused tables, viva questions, and short-answer format
In brief: a chalazion is a chronic, localized lipogranulomatous inflammation resulting from obstruction of a meibomian gland. It classically presents as a painless, firm tarsal eyelid swelling. Initial treatment is warm compresses and lid hygiene; persistent lesions may require intralesional corticosteroid injection or incision and curettage. Recurrent, atypical, or treatment-resistant lesions require ophthalmology review and may need biopsy, particularly to exclude sebaceous carcinoma.
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