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Which has more slope,a,b,c?

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Near the common starting point, A has the greatest downward steepness, then B, then C.
  • Signed slope: A < B < C because A is most negative.
  • Steepness, meaning magnitude of slope: A > B > C.
The slope changes along each curved line, so this comparison applies near the point where they begin.

Heat engine nd thermodynamics both example of 2nd law of thermodynamics?

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second law thermodynamics heat engine Kelvin Planck Clausius statement

Yes. Heat engines are a major application of the second law of thermodynamics.
The second law, in the Kelvin-Planck statement, says:
A heat engine cannot convert all the heat it absorbs into work.
So, a heat engine must:
  1. Take heat (Q_H) from a hot source.
  2. Produce useful work (W).
  3. Reject some heat (Q_L) to a colder sink.
[ Q_H = W + Q_L ]
Therefore, (Q_L) cannot be zero, and efficiency can never be 100%.
A refrigerator/heat pump is another example, explained by the Clausius statement: heat cannot flow from cold to hot by itself; external work is needed. The Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements are equivalent forms of the second law, as summarized in this thermodynamics explanation.
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