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Kuppuswamy scale 2025 income scores education occupation classification
Here is the most current (2025) version of the Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, based on two recently published updates:
Modified Kuppuswamy Scale - 2025 Update
The scale scores three parameters. Total score ranges from 3 to 29.
A. Education of the Head of Family
| S.No | Education | Score |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Profession or honors (postgraduate) | 7 |
| 2 | Graduate or postgraduate | 6 |
| 3 | Intermediate or diploma | 5 |
| 4 | High school certificate (matriculate) | 4 |
| 5 | Middle school certificate | 3 |
| 6 | Primary school certificate / Literate | 2 |
| 7 | Illiterate | 1 |
B. Occupation of the Head of Family
| S.No | Occupation | Score |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Legislators, senior officials and managers | 10 |
| 2 | Professionals | 9 |
| 3 | Technicians and associate professionals | 8 |
| 4 | Clerks | 7 |
| 5 | Skilled workers and shop/market sales workers | 6 |
| 6 | Skilled agricultural and fishery workers | 5 |
| 7 | Craft and related trade workers | 4 |
| 8 | Plant and machine operators and assemblers | 3 |
| 9 | Elementary occupations | 2 |
| 10 | Unemployed | 1 |
C. Total Monthly Family Income (2025 - Two Published Updates)
Two updates were published in 2025 using slightly different CPI-IW values:
Version 1 - January 2025 (CPI-IW: 143.2, base year 2016=100)
(Published in IJCMPH, May 2025 - Mandal I et al.)
| Monthly Income (Rs.) | Score |
|---|---|
| ≥ 57,829 and above | 12 |
| 28,914 - 57,828 | 10 |
| 21,686 - 28,913 | 6 |
| 14,457 - 21,685 | 4 |
| 8,674 - 14,456 | 3 |
| 2,891 - 8,673 | 2 |
| < 2,891 | 1 |
(Exact rupee figures are CPI-IW 143.2/100 × 2016 base income figures)
Version 2 - April 2025 (CPI-IW: 143.5, base year 2016=100)
(Published in Natl J Community Med, Sep 2025 - Shankar R et al.)
| Monthly Income (Rs.) | Score |
|---|---|
| ≥ 1,18,864 | 12 |
| 59,417 - 1,18,863 | 10 |
| 44,570 - 59,416 | 6 |
| 29,723 - 44,569 | 4 |
| 17,816 - 29,722 | 3 |
| 5,942 - 17,815 | 2 |
| < 5,942 | 1 |
Note: The large difference between Version 1 and Version 2 figures reflects the fact that different base calculations are being used. Version 2 from NJCM appears to use a different 2016 base income (likely Rs. 40,430 for the top category), while Version 1 uses a different 2016 reference. Use the figures from the same source series consistently within a study.
D. Socioeconomic Classification (Total Score)
| Total Score | Socioeconomic Class |
|---|---|
| 26 - 29 | Class I - Upper |
| 16 - 25 | Class II - Upper Middle |
| 11 - 15 | Class III - Lower Middle |
| 5 - 10 | Class IV - Upper Lower |
| < 5 | Class V - Lower |
Key Points
- Base year: 2016 (CPI-IW base = 100); income is updated annually/periodically using the year-on-year Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) published by the Labour Bureau, Govt. of India.
- Formula for real-time update: New income = 2016 income × (Current CPI-IW ÷ 100)
- The scale applies to urban India and assesses the SES of the family unit (not an individual).
- Education and occupation scores remain unchanged across updates - only income thresholds change.
- For the most current CPI-IW value (needed for real-time updates), check the Labour Bureau, Govt. of India, and use the tool at scaleupdate.weebly.com for a real-time calculator.
References:
- Mandal I et al. Modified Kuppuswamy scale updated for 2025. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2025;12(5):2423-2425.
- Shankar R et al. Updated SES scales review April 2025. Natl J Community Med. 2025;16(9):944.
- Ahmad A et al. Revised Prasad and Kuppuswamy scales for India in 2024. Indian J Comm Health. 2024;36(4):598-603.
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