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Antiepileptic Drugs- classify (on basis of clinical utility with examples; on basis of MOA), Phenytoin- MOA, uses, adverse effects, Status Epilepticus -outline management; Sodium Valproate- MOA, adverse effects therapeutic uses; important drug interactions; Principles of Treatment of Epilepsy - enumerate; Grand Mal Epilepsy/GTCS- enlist drugs, Carbamazepine - MOA, adverse effect, therapeutic uses; Levodopa and carbidopa combination in parkinsonism four advantage and disadvantage, parkinsonism drugs used; Antiparkinsonian drugs classify therapeutic uses adverse effect moa,levodopa with carbidopa rationale of use; Atypical antipsychotic classify moa adverse effect therapeutic uses,enumerate advantages over older neuroleptics 2nd yr mbbs pharmacology refer kd tripathi answer each in details

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All topics covered. Here is a summary of what has been compiled for your exam preparation:

What's covered in this answer:

Antiepileptic Drugs

  • Classification - by clinical utility (seizure type) AND by mechanism of action (9 MOA groups)
  • Phenytoin - MOA (use-dependent Na+ block), uses (7), adverse effects (dose-related, chronic, idiosyncratic including purple glove syndrome and fetal hydantoin syndrome), zero-order kinetics
  • Sodium Valproate - MOA (5 mechanisms), therapeutic uses (all generalized epilepsies + bipolar + migraine), adverse effects (GI, CNS, metabolic, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity - neural tube defects), drug interactions (with phenytoin, phenobarbital, CBZ, lamotrigine)
  • Carbamazepine - MOA (Na+ channel block + autoinduction), therapeutic uses (focal seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar), adverse effects (HLA-B*1502 SJS, hyponatremia, aplastic anemia)
  • Status Epilepticus - full stepwise management (BZDs → fosphenytoin/valproate/levetiracetam → anaesthetic agents)
  • Principles of Epilepsy Treatment - 13 principles
  • GTCS drugs - first-line and second-line with notes

Parkinsonism

  • Full drug classification (8 classes, 20+ drugs)
  • Levodopa + Carbidopa - MOA, 4 advantages, 4 disadvantages, rationale
  • All classes: MOA, therapeutic uses, adverse effects (dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics, amantadine)

Atypical Antipsychotics

  • Classification by chemical class (9 subgroups with examples)
  • MOA - D2 + 5-HT2A blockade model; clozapine's unique properties; aripiprazole as partial agonist
  • Therapeutic uses (10 clinical uses)
  • Adverse effects - full table including agranulocytosis (clozapine), metabolic syndrome, QTc prolongation
  • 9 advantages over typical neuroleptics (EPS, TD, negative symptoms, cognition, prolactin, treatment-resistance, compliance)
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