All four questions are now answered comprehensively. Here is a summary of what's covered, weighted by marks:

Covered in five major sections: premalignant conditions (PeIN/Erythroplasia of Queyrat/Bowen's disease, leukoplakia, lichen sclerosus, condylomata, chronic balanoposthitis), etiopathology (HPV, smegma, circumcision, risk factor table), pathology and TNM staging, clinical features (presentation, timing, discharge, lymphadenopathy), and management (organ-preserving surgery, Mohs' surgery, partial/total penectomy, lymph node management with SLNB, radioiodine, chemotherapy, prognosis).

Covered causes using the TIN mnemonic (neoplastic, traumatic, infective, calculi, glomerular, coagulopathy, BPH, vascular), differential diagnosis of red urine (haemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, porphyria, drugs), timing significance in the urinary stream, and a full investigations ladder from urine dipstick/microscopy → imaging (USS KUB → CT urogram) → cystoscopy.

All three pillars covered in detail: antithyroid drugs (carbimazole, PTU - mechanism, dosing, block-and-replace, pregnancy considerations), surgery (preoperative preparation with carbimazole/beta-blockers/Lugol's iodine, extent of resection, complications), and radioiodine (indications, advantages, disadvantages). Choice of therapy by disease type and management of thyroid storm included.

Complete GCS table with all three components (E1-4, V1-5, M1-6), scoring interpretation (mild/moderate/severe), how to apply stimulus, clinical applications (ATLS, head injury, ICU), and limitations. AVPU comparison included.

Full account of NSV: history, special instruments (ring-tipped clamp + mosquito haemostat), step-by-step operative technique, vas occlusion methods with AUA-recommended techniques and OFRs, advantages over conventional vasectomy, PVSA timings, complications, and role in India's Family Welfare Programme.