Detailed answers from standard textbooks

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Finding Sources

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All five questions are now answered in full. Here is a summary of what was covered and the textbook sources used:

Quick Reference Summary

Question	Topic	Marks	Key Sources
Q.1	Gallbladder Stones + Safe Cholecystectomy	30	Sleisenger & Fordtran; Sabiston; Bailey & Love
Q.2	LUTS Assessment + BPH Management	30	Sabiston (pp.2821-2842); Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology
Q.3a	Acute Appendicitis	10	Sleisenger & Fordtran; Bailey & Love
Q.3b	Non-Palpable Testes	10	Bailey & Love; Sabiston
Q.4a	Ulcerative Colitis	10	Pye's Surgical Handicraft; Goldman-Cecil Medicine
Q.4b	Intestinal Obstruction	10	Pye's Surgical Handicraft; Bailey & Love

Q1 - Safe Cholecystectomy: Strasberg's Critical View of Safety (CVS) - the most examinable concept; never clip until CVS achieved
Q2 - IPSS scoring: Mild 0-7, Moderate 8-19, Severe 20-35; TURP gold standard surgical treatment
Q3a - Alvarado Score: MANTRELS mnemonic; score ≥7 = likely appendicitis; CT has ~95% sensitivity
Q3b - Non-palpable testis: Laparoscopy is gold standard for diagnosis AND treatment; Fowler-Stephens for high testes
Q4a - UC: Always rectum first, continuous, mucosal only; Truelove-Witts criteria; IPAA/J-pouch for young fit patients
Q4b - Intestinal Obstruction: "Drip and suck"; examine hernial orifices; strangulation = emergency surgery; SBO valvulae conniventes vs. LBO haustra on X-ray

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