Interpret
This is a Routine Urine Examination (R/E) report for Ms. Shalini Nagar, 54-year-old female, collected on 23/6/2026. Here is a full interpretation:
Urine Routine Examination - Interpretation
Patient Details
- Name: Ms. Shalini Nagar | Age: 54 years | Gender: Female
- Ref by: Dr. Shobit Caroli | Report Status: Final
Gross Examination
| Parameter | Result | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Colour | Yellow | Normal (ref: pale yellow) |
| Specific Gravity | 1.020 | Normal (ref: 1.001-1.030) |
| pH | 5 | Normal (ref: 5.0-8.0) |
Comments:
- Colour is slightly deeper than the "pale yellow" reference but still within the normal yellow spectrum - clinically insignificant.
- Specific gravity of 1.020 suggests adequate urine concentration - the kidneys are concentrating urine well, no sign of dilute urine.
- pH of 5 is at the lower end of normal, indicating mildly acidic urine. This is common with high-protein diets, certain medications, or mild dehydration. Worth monitoring if recurrent.
Chemical Examination
| Parameter | Result | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Proteins | Negative | Normal |
| Glucose | Negative | Normal |
| Ketones | Negative | Normal |
| Bilirubin | Negative | Normal |
| Urobilinogen | Normal | Normal |
| Blood | Negative | Normal |
| Leucocyte Esterase | Negative | Normal |
| Nitrite | Negative | Normal |
Comments:
- Proteins negative - No proteinuria. Rules out renal disease (nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis), hypertensive nephropathy, and pre-eclampsia at this time.
- Glucose negative - No glycosuria. A normal urine glucose does not fully rule out diabetes (glucose appears in urine only when blood glucose exceeds ~180 mg/dL), but no current spill-over.
- Ketones negative - No ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Bilirubin negative + Urobilinogen normal - No liver disease, obstructive jaundice, or haemolytic conditions suggested.
- Blood negative - No haematuria. Rules out UTI-associated bleeding, kidney stones, or bladder pathology at this point.
- Leucocyte esterase negative + Nitrite negative - No evidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). This combination has high negative predictive value for bacterial UTI.
Microscopy
| Parameter | Result | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RBCs | Negative | Normal (ref: 0-2/hpf) |
| Pus Cells (WBCs) | 0-1 WBC/hpf | Normal (ref: 0-5/hpf) |
| Epithelial Cells | 0-1 Epi cells/hpf | Normal (ref: 0-5/hpf) |
| Casts | None seen | Normal |
| Crystals | None seen | Normal |
| Others | None seen | Normal |
Comments:
- Pus cells 0-1/hpf - Completely normal. No pyuria, no active infection.
- Epithelial cells 0-1/hpf - Normal squamous/transitional cells from urothelial lining. Not significant.
- No casts - Absence of casts (hyaline, granular, RBC casts) is reassuring. RBC casts would indicate glomerulonephritis; WBC casts would indicate pyelonephritis - neither is present.
- No crystals - No evidence of nephrolithiasis (uric acid, calcium oxalate, struvite crystals).
Overall Summary
This is an entirely normal urine examination. There is no evidence of urinary tract infection, renal disease, diabetes, liver dysfunction, haematuria, or kidney stones.
The mildly acidic pH (5) is the only minor finding - it is within the reference range but at the low end. If the patient has symptoms like burning urination, flank pain, or has diabetes/hypertension, the treating physician (Dr. Shobit Caroli) may want to correlate with blood tests (renal function, HbA1c, blood pressure). Otherwise, no action is required based on this report alone.
This interpretation is for informational purposes. Please consult the referring physician (Dr. Shobit Caroli) for clinical correlation and management decisions.
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