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Answer

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analyse_media
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primary health care diagnostic testing

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WHO primary health care diagnostic testing appropriate test clinical question pre-test probability

Answer key
  1. B - Primary Health Care (PHC)
  2. B - Patients often initially present with non-specific symptoms
  3. E - PET-CT
  4. C - Choose tests that provide useful information for management: right test, right patient
  5. C - Test → Result → Interpretation → Treatment/Referral → Follow-up
  6. E - Interpret the test result together with clinical findings
  7. C - Symptoms, clinical examination findings, and known risk factors
  8. B - Sensitivity, specificity, availability, cost, turnaround time, and patient factors
  9. C - False-positive/negative results, radiation, invasive procedures, and anxiety
  10. D - COVID-19 rapid antigen test
  11. C - Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, early heart failure, and stroke risk assessment
  12. C - Framingham Risk Score, WHO/ISH Risk Charts, and QRISK
  13. C - HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or ≥ 48 mmol/mol
  14. B - Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)
  15. C - Kidney disease → Urine ACR and estimated GFR (eGFR)
  16. C - Urea breath test and stool antigen test
  17. B - Unintentional weight loss, GI bleeding, or iron-deficiency anaemia
  18. B - Chest X-ray
  19. C - Prevent antimicrobial resistance through wise use of diagnostic tests
  20. C - Request tests for the specific clinical question, not from habit
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