A detailed educational flowchart/poster on "Cultivation of Viruses" for a medical microbiology university exam (5 marks). The poster should be clean, colorful, and well-organized with the following structure: Title at top: "CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES" (bold, large) Three main branches from the title: 1. ANIMAL INOCULATION (ANIMALS IN VIVO) - Experimental animals used: mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys - Routes of inoculation: intracerebral, intranasal, intradermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal - Advantages: useful for viruses that cannot grow in eggs or cell culture - Disadvantages: expensive, ethical issues, latent animal viruses may interfere - Examples: Rabies virus (intracerebral in mice) 2. EMBRYONATED EGG (IN OVO) Sub-branches: - Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM): Pox virus, Herpes simplex → pocks/plaques formed - Allantoic cavity: Influenza, Mumps → haemagglutination test - Amniotic cavity: Influenza (primary isolation) - Yolk sac: Chlamydia, some arboviruses - Advantages: cheap, no normal flora, self-contained sterile environment - Age of egg used: 7-14 days 3. CELL CULTURE (IN VITRO) Sub-branches: a) Primary cell culture: freshly prepared from animal tissue, not passaged more than once (e.g., monkey kidney cells) b) Diploid/Semi-continuous cell lines: human embryonic cells, limited passages (e.g., WI-38) c) Continuous cell lines: immortal tumor-derived cells, unlimited passages (e.g., HeLa, Vero) Effects observed: - CPE (Cytopathic Effect): cell rounding, syncytia, inclusion bodies - Haemagglutination - Haemadsorption - Interference phenomenon - Transformation Use bright colors: blue for main title, green for animal section, orange for embryonated egg section, purple for cell culture section. Include small icons/illustrations for each section. Clean white background. University exam study poster style.

A detailed educational flowchart poster titled "CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES" for medical microbiology university exam. Clean white background, colorful, well-organized with boxes and arrows. TOP: Large bold title "CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES" Three main colored branches with arrows: BRANCH 1 - GREEN BOX: "1. ANIMAL INOCULATION (In Vivo)" - Animals: Mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys - Routes: Intracerebral, intranasal, intradermal, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous - Example: Rabies virus → intracerebral in mice - Advantages: Useful when egg/cell culture fails - Disadvantages: Expensive, ethical concerns, latent viruses may interfere BRANCH 2 - ORANGE BOX: "2. EMBRYONATED HEN'S EGG (In Ovo)" Four sub-boxes with arrows: → Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM): Poxvirus, HSV → Pocks/plaques → Allantoic Cavity: Influenza, Mumps → Haemagglutination → Amniotic Cavity: Primary isolation of Influenza → Yolk Sac: Arboviruses, Chlamydia Note: Egg age 7-14 days; cheap and contamination-free BRANCH 3 - PURPLE BOX: "3. CELL CULTURE (In Vitro)" Three sub-boxes: → Primary Cell Culture: Fresh animal tissue, used once (Monkey kidney cells) → Diploid Cell Lines: Human embryonic cells, limited passages (WI-38) → Continuous Cell Lines: Immortal, unlimited passages (HeLa, Vero cells) BOTTOM BOX - BLUE: "EFFECTS INDICATING VIRAL GROWTH" → CPE (Cytopathic Effect): rounding, syncytia, inclusion bodies → Haemagglutination → Haemadsorption → Interference phenomenon → Transformation of cells Use bold arrows connecting all boxes, distinct bright colors for each section, small relevant icons next to each section. Professional medical study poster style.