from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu
from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor
from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN, MSO_ANCHOR
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt
from io import BytesIO

# Color palette - medical blue theme
DARK_BLUE   = RGBColor(0x0D, 0x3B, 0x6E)   # deep navy
MED_BLUE    = RGBColor(0x15, 0x6B, 0xA5)   # medium blue
LIGHT_BLUE  = RGBColor(0xD6, 0xEA, 0xF8)   # pale blue background
ACCENT      = RGBColor(0x1A, 0xBC, 0x9C)   # teal accent
WHITE       = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
DARK_TEXT   = RGBColor(0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C)
ORANGE      = RGBColor(0xE6, 0x7E, 0x22)
GREEN       = RGBColor(0x27, 0xAE, 0x60)
PURPLE      = RGBColor(0x8E, 0x44, 0xAD)
RED         = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x39, 0x2B)
LIGHT_GRAY  = RGBColor(0xF4, 0xF6, 0xF7)

prs = Presentation()
prs.slide_width  = Inches(13.333)
prs.slide_height = Inches(7.5)

blank = prs.slide_layouts[6]

# ─── helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def add_rect(slide, l, t, w, h, fill_color, border_color=None, border_pt=0):
    shape = slide.shapes.add_shape(
        1,  # MSO_SHAPE_TYPE.RECTANGLE
        Inches(l), Inches(t), Inches(w), Inches(h)
    )
    shape.fill.solid()
    shape.fill.fore_color.rgb = fill_color
    if border_color:
        shape.line.color.rgb = border_color
        shape.line.width = Pt(border_pt)
    else:
        shape.line.fill.background()
    return shape

def add_text(slide, text, l, t, w, h,
             font_name="Calibri", font_size=16, bold=False, italic=False,
             color=DARK_TEXT, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, wrap=True,
             v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.TOP, bg_color=None):
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(l), Inches(t), Inches(w), Inches(h))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = wrap
    tf.vertical_anchor = v_anchor
    tf.margin_left  = Pt(4)
    tf.margin_right = Pt(4)
    tf.margin_top   = Pt(2)
    tf.margin_bottom= Pt(2)
    p = tf.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = align
    run = p.add_run()
    run.text = text
    run.font.name  = font_name
    run.font.size  = Pt(font_size)
    run.font.bold  = bold
    run.font.italic= italic
    run.font.color.rgb = color
    return tb

def add_bullet_box(slide, title, bullets, l, t, w, h,
                   title_color=WHITE, title_bg=MED_BLUE,
                   bullet_color=DARK_TEXT, bullet_size=13,
                   title_size=14, box_bg=WHITE, border_color=MED_BLUE):
    """Draw a titled box with bullet points."""
    # header
    add_rect(slide, l, t, w, 0.35, title_bg)
    add_text(slide, title, l+0.05, t+0.02, w-0.1, 0.31,
             font_size=title_size, bold=True, color=title_color,
             align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    # body
    body_h = h - 0.35
    body_shape = add_rect(slide, l, t+0.35, w, body_h, box_bg, border_color, 1)
    # bullets text box
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(
        Inches(l+0.08), Inches(t+0.38), Inches(w-0.15), Inches(body_h-0.06))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = True
    tf.vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.TOP
    tf.margin_left  = Pt(2)
    tf.margin_right = Pt(2)
    tf.margin_top   = Pt(2)
    tf.margin_bottom= Pt(2)
    first = True
    for b in bullets:
        if first:
            p = tf.paragraphs[0]
            first = False
        else:
            p = tf.add_paragraph()
        p.space_before = Pt(2)
        p.space_after  = Pt(1)
        run = p.add_run()
        run.text = b
        run.font.name = "Calibri"
        run.font.size = Pt(bullet_size)
        run.font.color.rgb = bullet_color


def header_bar(slide, title, subtitle=None):
    """Top gradient-style header bar."""
    add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, DARK_BLUE)
    add_rect(slide, 0, 0.85, 13.333, 0.25, MED_BLUE)
    add_text(slide, title, 0.3, 0.05, 12.7, 0.72,
             font_name="Calibri", font_size=30, bold=True,
             color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    if subtitle:
        add_text(slide, subtitle, 0.3, 0.75, 12.7, 0.28,
                 font_name="Calibri", font_size=13, italic=True,
                 color=LIGHT_BLUE, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT)

def section_label(slide, text, l, t, w=2.8, color=MED_BLUE):
    add_rect(slide, l, t, w, 0.3, color)
    add_text(slide, text, l+0.05, t+0.02, w-0.1, 0.26,
             font_size=11, bold=True, color=WHITE,
             align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 1 – TITLE                                           ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
# Background
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, DARK_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 4.5, 13.333, 3.0, MED_BLUE)
# Decorative strip
add_rect(slide, 0, 4.3, 13.333, 0.25, ACCENT)

add_text(slide,
         "Digestive Juices",
         1.0, 1.0, 11.3, 1.4,
         font_name="Calibri", font_size=52, bold=True,
         color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
add_text(slide,
         "Mechanism of Secretion & Composition",
         1.0, 2.5, 11.3, 0.7,
         font_name="Calibri", font_size=26, bold=False, italic=True,
         color=LIGHT_BLUE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)
add_text(slide,
         "Saliva  |  Gastric Juice  |  Pancreatic Juice  |  Bile  |  Intestinal Juice",
         1.0, 3.3, 11.3, 0.55,
         font_name="Calibri", font_size=15,
         color=ACCENT, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)
add_text(slide,
         "Based on Guyton & Hall, Costanzo Physiology, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine",
         1.0, 6.5, 11.3, 0.6,
         font_name="Calibri", font_size=11, italic=True,
         color=RGBColor(0xBD, 0xD7, 0xEA), align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 2 – OVERVIEW TABLE                                   ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Overview of Digestive Secretions",
           "Volume, pH, and primary functions of major GI juices")

# Table header
cols = [("Juice", 2.0), ("Volume/day", 1.8), ("pH", 1.1), ("Source", 2.4), ("Primary Function", 5.533)]
x = 0.2
add_rect(slide, 0.2, 1.25, 12.93, 0.38, DARK_BLUE)
for col, cw in cols:
    add_text(slide, col, x+0.05, 1.27, cw-0.1, 0.34,
             font_size=12, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER,
             v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    x += cw

rows = [
    ("Saliva", "800-1500 mL", "6.0-7.0", "Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands", "Lubrication, starch digestion, antibacterial"),
    ("Gastric Juice", "1500 mL", "1.0-3.5", "Fundic/oxyntic glands, pyloric glands", "Protein digestion, sterilisation, intrinsic factor"),
    ("Pancreatic Juice", "1000-1500 mL", "8.0-8.3", "Acinar & ductal cells of exocrine pancreas", "Digests proteins, carbs, fats; neutralises gastric acid"),
    ("Bile", "500-1000 mL", "7.8", "Hepatocytes → gallbladder storage", "Emulsification of fats, cholesterol excretion"),
    ("Intestinal Juice", "1800 mL", "7.5-8.0", "Crypts of Lieberkühn, Brunner's glands", "Mucus protection, disaccharidases, peptidases"),
]
row_colors = [LIGHT_BLUE, WHITE, LIGHT_BLUE, WHITE, LIGHT_BLUE]
for ri, (row, bg) in enumerate(zip(rows, row_colors)):
    y = 1.63 + ri * 0.9
    add_rect(slide, 0.2, y, 12.93, 0.88, bg, MED_BLUE, 0.5)
    x = 0.2
    for ci, (cell, (_, cw)) in enumerate(zip(row, cols)):
        is_first = ci == 0
        add_text(slide, cell, x+0.07, y+0.04, cw-0.12, 0.80,
                 font_size=12, bold=is_first, color=DARK_BLUE if is_first else DARK_TEXT,
                 align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT if ci > 1 else PP_ALIGN.CENTER,
                 wrap=True, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
        x += cw

add_text(slide, "Source: Guyton & Hall, Table 65.1", 0.3, 7.15, 8.0, 0.3,
         font_size=9, italic=True, color=RGBColor(0x7F, 0x8C, 0x8D))


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 3 – SALIVA  (mechanism)                             ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Saliva – Mechanism of Secretion",
           "Two-stage process: acinar primary secretion + ductal modification")

# Left column: glands & two-stage mechanism
add_bullet_box(slide, "Salivary Glands",
    ["• Parotid gland — serous secretion (ptyalin/amylase)",
     "• Submandibular gland — mixed (serous + mucus)",
     "• Sublingual gland — mixed (serous + mucus)",
     "• Buccal (minor) glands — mucus only"],
    0.2, 1.2, 4.3, 2.0,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Stage 1 – Acinar Primary Secretion",
    ["• Acinar cells secrete isotonic primary saliva",
     "• Electrolyte composition similar to plasma",
     "• Contains ptyalin (alpha-amylase) and/or mucin",
     "• Driven by neural stimulation (ACh via muscarinic receptors)"],
    0.2, 3.3, 4.3, 2.2,
    title_bg=MED_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

# Middle column: ductal modification
add_bullet_box(slide, "Stage 2 – Ductal Modification",
    ["• Na+ is actively reabsorbed from ducts",
     "• K+ is actively secreted in exchange for Na+",
     "• Creates -70 mV negativity → Cl- reabsorbed passively",
     "• HCO3- is secreted into ductal lumen",
     "• Net result: final saliva is hypotonic",
     "• Ductal cells are water-impermeable (no osmotic water follow)"],
    4.65, 1.2, 4.3, 2.9,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Neural Control",
    ["• Parasympathetic (VII, IX): ACh → muscarinic → IP3/Ca2+ → profuse secretion",
     "• Sympathetic (T1-T3 → superior cervical ganglion): NE → beta-adrenergic → cAMP → stimulates secretion",
     "• Both divisions are stimulatory (unique among GI glands)",
     "• Conditioned reflexes (Pavlov's dogs), taste, smell trigger secretion"],
    4.65, 4.25, 4.3, 2.7,
    title_bg=GREEN, bullet_size=11)

# Right column: composition summary
add_bullet_box(slide, "Ionic Composition (vs Plasma)",
    ["  Ion       Saliva    Plasma",
     "  Na+       15 mEq/L  142 mEq/L",
     "  K+        30 mEq/L  4.5 mEq/L",
     "  Cl-       15 mEq/L  103 mEq/L",
     "  HCO3-     50 mEq/L  25 mEq/L",
     "",
     "Flow rate effect: at HIGH flow",
     "saliva composition resembles plasma"],
    9.1, 1.2, 4.0, 3.2,
    title_bg=PURPLE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Organic Components",
    ["• alpha-Amylase (ptyalin) — starch digestion",
     "• Lingual lipase — lipid digestion initiation",
     "• Mucin glycoproteins — lubrication",
     "• Secretory IgA — antibacterial",
     "• Kallikrein — cleaves kininogen → bradykinin (vasodilator)",
     "• Lactoferrin, lysozyme — antimicrobial"],
    9.1, 4.55, 4.0, 2.4,
    title_bg=ORANGE, bullet_size=11)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 4 – GASTRIC JUICE (mechanism)                       ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Gastric Juice – Mechanism of Secretion",
           "Oxyntic (gastric) glands secrete HCl, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and mucus")

add_bullet_box(slide, "Cell Types & Products",
    ["• Mucous neck cells — mucus (protect mucosa)",
     "• Chief (peptic) cells — pepsinogen (inactive)",
     "• Parietal (oxyntic) cells — HCl + intrinsic factor",
     "• ECL (enterochromaffin-like) cells — histamine",
     "• G cells (antrum/pyloric glands) — gastrin",
     "• Pyloric gland cells — mucus + gastrin"],
    0.2, 1.2, 4.3, 2.55,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "HCl Secretion by Parietal Cells",
    ["• Driven by H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump) on apical membrane",
     "• H+ conc = ~160 mmol/L (pH ~0.8)",
     "• 3 million times higher than arterial blood",
     "• Requires >1500 cal of energy per litre",
     "• Cl- actively transported into canaliculus",
     "• HCO3- exchanged for Cl- on basolateral side (alkaline tide)",
     "• CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3- (carbonic anhydrase)"],
    0.2, 3.85, 4.3, 2.85,
    title_bg=RED, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Regulation — 3 Phases",
    ["CEPHALIC PHASE (30%)",
     "• Sight/smell/taste → vagus nerve → ACh → parietal cells",
     "• Also stimulates G cells (gastrin) and ECL cells (histamine)",
     "",
     "GASTRIC PHASE (60%)",
     "• Food distension → local reflexes + vagal reflexes",
     "• Peptides/amino acids → G cells → gastrin → parietal cells",
     "• Gastrin → ECL cells → histamine → H2 receptors on parietal cells",
     "",
     "INTESTINAL PHASE (10%)",
     "• Chyme in small intestine → enteric hormones",
     "• GIP, secretin, CCK inhibit gastric acid secretion"],
    4.65, 1.2, 4.3, 5.5,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Pepsinogen Activation",
    ["• Chief cells secrete PEPSINOGEN (inactive)",
     "• HCl cleaves pepsinogen → pepsin (active)",
     "• Pepsin autocatalytically activates more pepsinogen",
     "• Pepsin active at pH 1.8–3.5",
     "• Cleaves peptide bonds → polypeptides",
     "• Inactivated at pH >5 in duodenum"],
    9.1, 1.2, 4.0, 2.5,
    title_bg=ORANGE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Intrinsic Factor & Mucus",
    ["• Intrinsic Factor (IF): secreted by parietal cells",
     "• IF binds vitamin B12 → absorbed in terminal ileum",
     "• Deficiency → pernicious anaemia",
     "",
     "• Mucus: secreted by surface epithelial & neck cells",
     "• Forms 1-1.5 mm thick gel layer",
     "• pH gradient: pH 1 (lumen) → pH 7 (epithelial surface)"],
    9.1, 3.85, 4.0, 2.85,
    title_bg=GREEN, bullet_size=11)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 5 – GASTRIC JUICE COMPOSITION                        ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Gastric Juice – Composition",
           "Volume: ~1500 mL/day | pH: 1.0-3.5")

# Components table
headers = ["Component", "Concentration/Amount", "Source Cell", "Function"]
col_widths = [2.5, 2.8, 2.8, 4.633]
x = 0.2
add_rect(slide, 0.2, 1.25, 12.93, 0.38, DARK_BLUE)
for hdr, cw in zip(headers, col_widths):
    add_text(slide, hdr, x+0.05, 1.27, cw-0.1, 0.34,
             font_size=12, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER,
             v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    x += cw

rows = [
    ("Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)", "~160 mmol/L; pH 0.8", "Parietal (oxyntic) cells", "Protein denaturation, pepsinogen activation, antimicrobial"),
    ("Pepsinogen / Pepsin", "Active at pH 1.8-3.5", "Chief (peptic) cells", "Initiates protein digestion into polypeptides"),
    ("Intrinsic Factor", "Binds vitamin B12", "Parietal cells", "Essential for B12 absorption in terminal ileum"),
    ("Mucus", "Gel layer 1-1.5 mm thick", "Surface epithelial, neck cells", "Protects mucosa from acid & pepsin"),
    ("Gastrin", "Hormone (blood-borne)", "G cells (antrum)", "Stimulates parietal cells; promotes gastric motility"),
    ("Gastric Lipase", "Minor secretion", "Chief cells", "Initiates lipid digestion; active at acid pH"),
]
row_colors = [LIGHT_BLUE, WHITE, LIGHT_BLUE, WHITE, LIGHT_BLUE, WHITE]
for ri, (row, bg) in enumerate(zip(rows, row_colors)):
    y = 1.63 + ri * 0.85
    add_rect(slide, 0.2, y, 12.93, 0.83, bg, MED_BLUE, 0.5)
    x = 0.2
    for ci, (cell, cw) in enumerate(zip(row, col_widths)):
        is_first = ci == 0
        add_text(slide, cell, x+0.07, y+0.03, cw-0.12, 0.77,
                 font_size=12, bold=is_first, color=DARK_BLUE if is_first else DARK_TEXT,
                 align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, wrap=True, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
        x += cw

add_text(slide, "Note: Intrinsic Factor is the ONLY essential component of gastric juice — its loss causes pernicious anaemia",
         0.3, 6.8, 12.7, 0.5,
         font_size=11, italic=True, bold=True, color=RED, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 6 – PANCREATIC JUICE (mechanism)                    ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Pancreatic Juice – Mechanism of Secretion",
           "Acinar cells (enzymes) + Centroacinar/ductal cells (HCO3- aqueous component)")

add_bullet_box(slide, "Structure",
    ["• Exocrine pancreas = 90% of pancreatic mass",
     "• Organized like salivary glands — grape-like acini",
     "• Acinar cells at blind ends of branching ducts",
     "• Centroacinar cells extend into acinus from ducts",
     "• Ducts coalesce → pancreatic duct → ampulla of Vater",
     "• Sphincter of Oddi controls release into duodenum"],
    0.2, 1.2, 4.3, 2.5,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Enzymatic Component (Acinar Cells)",
    ["• CCK (cholecystokinin) binds CCK-A receptors on acinar cells",
     "• IP3/Ca2+ second messenger pathway",
     "• Triggers exocytosis of zymogen granules",
     "• Vagal (ACh) stimulation also activates acinar cells",
     "• Enzymes secreted as inactive zymogens (proenzymes)",
     "• Trypsin inhibitor co-secreted — prevents auto-digestion"],
    0.2, 3.8, 4.3, 2.8,
    title_bg=ORANGE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Aqueous HCO3- Component (Ductal Cells)",
    ["• Secretin stimulates ductal/centroacinar cells",
     "• Secretin binds receptor → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP",
     "• CFTR Cl- channel opens on apical membrane",
     "• Cl-/HCO3- exchanger secretes HCO3- into lumen",
     "• Na+ follows passively; water follows osmotically",
     "• Result: large volume of HCO3--rich fluid (pH 8.0-8.3)",
     "• Neutralises gastric acid in duodenum"],
    4.65, 1.2, 4.3, 3.4,
    title_bg=MED_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Hormonal & Neural Regulation",
    ["SECRETIN (S cells, duodenum):",
     "• Triggered by acid (H+) in duodenum",
     "• Stimulates HCO3- aqueous secretion",
     "",
     "CCK (I cells, duodenum/jejunum):",
     "• Triggered by fats & proteins in duodenum",
     "• Stimulates enzyme secretion",
     "",
     "VAGUS NERVE:",
     "• Cephalic phase enzyme secretion",
     "• Potentiates hormonal effects",
     "",
     "SYMPATHETIC: Inhibits secretion"],
    4.65, 4.7, 4.3, 2.3,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Zymogen Activation Cascade",
    ["Enterokinase (brush border duodenum):",
     "  Trypsinogen → TRYPSIN (active)",
     "",
     "Trypsin then activates:",
     "  Trypsinogen → more Trypsin (autocatalysis)",
     "  Chymotrypsinogen → Chymotrypsin",
     "  Procarboxypeptidase → Carboxypeptidase",
     "  Proelastase → Elastase",
     "  Prophospholipase → Phospholipase A2",
     "",
     "Pancreatic lipase: active without activation"],
    9.1, 1.2, 4.0, 5.8,
    title_bg=RED, bullet_size=11)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 7 – PANCREATIC JUICE COMPOSITION                     ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Pancreatic Juice – Composition",
           "Volume: ~1000-1500 mL/day | pH: 8.0-8.3 (alkaline)")

# Left: aqueous
add_bullet_box(slide, "Aqueous (Inorganic) Component",
    ["• Water — major constituent",
     "• Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) — high concentration (up to 145 mEq/L)",
     "  → Neutralises gastric HCl in duodenum",
     "  → Raises duodenal pH to 6-7 (optimal for pancreatic enzymes)",
     "• Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ — concentrations similar to plasma",
     "• HCO3- inversely related to Cl- (as flow rate increases, HCO3- rises, Cl- falls)"],
    0.2, 1.2, 6.3, 2.5,
    title_bg=MED_BLUE, bullet_size=12)

# Enzymes table
add_rect(slide, 0.2, 3.8, 6.3, 0.38, DARK_BLUE)
for hdr, xpos, cw in [("Enzyme/Precursor", 0.25, 2.5), ("Substrate", 2.75, 1.8), ("Active Form", 4.55, 2.05)]:
    add_text(slide, hdr, xpos, 3.82, cw-0.05, 0.34,
             font_size=11, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER,
             v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)

prot_enzymes = [
    ("Trypsinogen", "Proteins/polypeptides", "Trypsin"),
    ("Chymotrypsinogen", "Aromatic AA bonds", "Chymotrypsin"),
    ("Procarboxypeptidase", "C-terminal AA", "Carboxypeptidase"),
    ("Proelastase", "Elastin", "Elastase"),
]
for ri, (name, sub, act) in enumerate(prot_enzymes):
    y = 4.18 + ri*0.44
    bg = LIGHT_BLUE if ri%2==0 else WHITE
    add_rect(slide, 0.2, y, 6.3, 0.43, bg, MED_BLUE, 0.4)
    add_text(slide, name, 0.25, y+0.03, 2.45, 0.37, font_size=11, bold=True, color=DARK_BLUE, wrap=True)
    add_text(slide, sub,  2.75, y+0.03, 1.75, 0.37, font_size=11, color=DARK_TEXT, wrap=True)
    add_text(slide, act,  4.55, y+0.03, 2.0,  0.37, font_size=11, color=GREEN, bold=True, wrap=True)

add_text(slide, "PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES (inactive zymogens):", 0.25, 3.65, 6.0, 0.2,
         font_size=10, bold=True, italic=True, color=DARK_BLUE)

# Right column
add_bullet_box(slide, "Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes",
    ["• Pancreatic amylase — hydrolyses starch, glycogen",
     "  → Products: maltose, maltotriose, alpha-dextrins",
     "• NOT cellulose (lacks glycosidic bond cleavage)"],
    6.7, 1.2, 6.4, 1.55,
    title_bg=GREEN, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Lipid-Digesting Enzymes",
    ["• Pancreatic lipase — hydrolyses triglycerides",
     "  → Free fatty acids + monoglycerides",
     "  → Works best with bile salt emulsification",
     "• Colipase — cofactor; displaces bile salts from lipase",
     "• Cholesterol esterase — hydrolyses cholesterol esters",
     "• Phospholipase A2 — splits fatty acids from phospholipids",
     "  (activated by trypsin)"],
    6.7, 2.85, 6.4, 2.7,
    title_bg=ORANGE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Other Components",
    ["• Ribonuclease (RNase), DNase — nucleic acid digestion",
     "• Trypsin inhibitor — prevents auto-activation in pancreas",
     "• Lactoferrin — antimicrobial",
     "• Bicarbonate (key inorganic component)"],
    6.7, 5.65, 6.4, 1.6,
    title_bg=PURPLE, bullet_size=12)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 8 – BILE (mechanism & composition)                  ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Bile – Mechanism of Secretion & Composition",
           "Hepatic bile: ~500-1000 mL/day | pH: 7.8 | Concentrated 5-10x in gallbladder")

add_bullet_box(slide, "Bile Secretion Pathway",
    ["• Synthesised continuously by HEPATOCYTES",
     "• Secreted into bile canaliculi (between hepatocytes)",
     "• Flows into canals of Hering → bile ductules → interlobular ducts",
     "• Right + Left hepatic ducts → Common hepatic duct",
     "• Common hepatic duct + cystic duct → Common bile duct (CBD)",
     "• CBD enters duodenum via ampulla of Vater / sphincter of Oddi",
     "• Between meals: sphincter of Oddi closed → bile diverted to gallbladder"],
    0.2, 1.2, 4.5, 3.3,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Mechanism of Hepatocyte Secretion",
    ["Active transport across canalicular membrane:",
     "• BSEP (ABCB11) — bile salt export pump",
     "• MRP2 (ABCC2) — bilirubin glucuronides, drugs",
     "• MDR3 (ABCB4) — phospholipid export",
     "• ABCG5/G8 — cholesterol export",
     "",
     "Sinusoidal (portal blood) uptake:",
     "• NTCP (SLC10A1) — Na+/taurocholate cotransporter",
     "• OATPs — organic anion-transporting polypeptides",
     "",
     "Cholangiocyte secretion:",
     "• Secretin → cAMP → CFTR → HCO3- rich fluid added to bile"],
    0.2, 4.6, 4.5, 2.65,
    title_bg=MED_BLUE, bullet_size=10)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Gallbladder Concentration",
    ["• Gallbladder absorbs water, Na+, Cl-, HCO3-",
     "• Bile concentrated 5-10x (3-4 g/dL → 10-15 g/dL)",
     "• Cholecystokinin (CCK): stimulates GB contraction",
     "• Sphincter of Oddi relaxes → bile enters duodenum",
     "• Secretin: stimulates bile flow from hepatocytes",
     "• Vagal stimulation: mild stimulation of bile secretion"],
    4.85, 1.2, 4.2, 2.5,
    title_bg=ORANGE, bullet_size=12)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Composition of Bile",
    ["Major components (mole %) - Hepatic bile:",
     "• Bile acids (bile salts)     — 80%",
     "• Phospholipids (lecithin)    — 16%",
     "• Cholesterol (unesterified)  — 4%",
     "  (up to 8-10% in lithogenic state)",
     "",
     "Other constituents:",
     "• Conjugated bilirubin (gives yellow-green colour)",
     "• Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-)",
     "• Proteins: IgA, albumin, hormone metabolites",
     "• Mucus glycoproteins",
     "• Heavy metals, drug metabolites"],
    4.85, 3.8, 4.2, 3.45,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Bile Acids & Enterohepatic Circulation",
    ["Primary bile acids (synthesised in liver):",
     "  • Cholic acid, Chenodeoxycholic acid",
     "  • Conjugated with glycine or taurine",
     "",
     "Secondary bile acids (formed by gut bacteria):",
     "  • Deoxycholic acid, Lithocholic acid",
     "",
     "Enterohepatic circulation:",
     "  • 90-95% of bile acids reabsorbed in terminal ileum",
     "  • Returns to liver via portal vein",
     "  • Recycled 6-10 times per day",
     "  • Only ~500 mg lost in faeces daily",
     "",
     "Functions:",
     "  • Emulsify dietary fats",
     "  • Form micelles with fatty acids"],
    9.2, 1.2, 3.9, 5.6,
    title_bg=GREEN, bullet_size=10)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 9 – INTESTINAL JUICE (succus entericus)              ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Intestinal Juice (Succus Entericus)",
           "Volume: ~1800 mL/day | pH: 7.5-8.0 | Secreted by crypts of Lieberkühn & Brunner's glands")

add_bullet_box(slide, "Sources of Intestinal Secretion",
    ["1. Crypts of Lieberkühn (small intestine)",
     "   • Goblet cells — mucus secretion",
     "   • Enterocytes — watery secretion (electrolytes + water)",
     "   • Paneth cells — antimicrobial peptides (defensins, lysozyme)",
     "",
     "2. Brunner's Glands (duodenum)",
     "   • Submucosal compound tubular glands",
     "   • Secrete alkaline mucus (pH 8.0-8.9)",
     "   • Protect duodenal mucosa from gastric acid",
     "   • Stimulated by: tactile irritation, vagal, secretin"],
    0.2, 1.2, 4.4, 4.5,
    title_bg=DARK_BLUE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Regulation of Secretion",
    ["• Local mechanical stimulation (food/chyme contact)",
     "• Vagal (parasympathetic) stimulation",
     "• Secretin and CCK enhance intestinal secretion",
     "• VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) — major secretagogue",
     "  → cAMP-mediated Cl- secretion (CFTR)",
     "• Enterotoxins (cholera toxin, E. coli) exploit this pathway",
     "  → massive secretory diarrhoea"],
    0.2, 5.8, 4.4, 1.6,
    title_bg=MED_BLUE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Brush Border Enzymes (Surface Enzymes)",
    ["Carbohydrases:",
     "  • Sucrase — sucrose → glucose + fructose",
     "  • Maltase — maltose → glucose + glucose",
     "  • Lactase — lactose → glucose + galactose",
     "  • Isomaltase (alpha-dextrinase) — alpha-dextrins",
     "",
     "Peptidases:",
     "  • Aminopeptidase — cleaves N-terminal amino acids",
     "  • Dipeptidase — dipeptides → amino acids",
     "  • Enterokinase — converts trypsinogen → trypsin",
     "",
     "Lipases:",
     "  • Intestinal lipase (minor)"],
    4.75, 1.2, 4.3, 4.4,
    title_bg=ORANGE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Composition of Intestinal Juice",
    ["Inorganic:",
     "  • Water — 98-99% of volume",
     "  • Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3- — similar to plasma",
     "  • pH 7.5-8.0 (alkaline)",
     "",
     "Organic:",
     "  • Mucus (protective, lubricating)",
     "  • Immunoglobulins (IgA)",
     "  • Brush border enzymes (not secreted freely)",
     "  • Shed enterocytes",
     "  • Enterokinase (key enzyme — activates trypsin)",
     "",
     "Note: Most 'intestinal enzymes' are actually",
     "embedded in brush border, not secreted freely"],
    4.75, 5.7, 4.3, 1.7,
    title_bg=PURPLE, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Large Intestine Secretion",
    ["• Mucus only (no digestive enzymes)",
     "• Volume ~200 mL/day; pH 7.5-8.0",
     "• Goblet cells — mucus protects from bacterial toxins",
     "• No digestive function — absorption and storage",
     "• K+ secreted, Na+ absorbed from colon",
     "• Aldosterone enhances Na+ absorption in colon"],
    9.2, 1.2, 3.9, 2.8,
    title_bg=GREEN, bullet_size=11)

add_bullet_box(slide, "Clinical Significance",
    ["Lactase deficiency:",
     "  → Lactose intolerance (osmotic diarrhoea)",
     "",
     "Cholera (Vibrio cholerae):",
     "  → CT activates adenylyl cyclase → cAMP",
     "  → Massive Cl-/water secretion → rice-water stools",
     "",
     "Brunner gland hypertrophy:",
     "  → May mimic polyposis on imaging",
     "",
     "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:",
     "  → Excess gastrin → excess acid → overwhelms",
     "  duodenal buffers → jejunal ulcers"],
    9.2, 4.1, 3.9, 3.3,
    title_bg=RED, bullet_size=10)


# ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
# ║  SLIDE 10 – SUMMARY COMPARISON                             ║
# ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_GRAY)
header_bar(slide, "Summary: Key Features of Digestive Juices",
           "Quick comparison of all five major secretions")

cards = [
    ("SALIVA", "800-1500 mL | pH 6.0-7.0",
     ["alpha-Amylase, mucin, IgA,\nlingual lipase, kallikrein",
      "Hypotonic (Na+/Cl- low; K+/HCO3- high)",
      "2-stage: acinar primary → ductal modification",
      "Neural: BOTH parasympathetic AND sympathetic stimulate"],
     DARK_BLUE),
    ("GASTRIC\nJUICE", "1500 mL | pH 1.0-3.5",
     ["HCl, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, mucus, gastrin",
      "H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump) in parietal cells",
      "3 phases: Cephalic (30%), Gastric (60%), Intestinal (10%)",
      "Only essential component = Intrinsic Factor (B12 absorption)"],
     RED),
    ("PANCREATIC\nJUICE", "1000-1500 mL | pH 8.0-8.3",
     ["Proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin), lipase, amylase,\nNaHCO3",
      "Acinar cells (enzymes) + ductal cells (HCO3-)",
      "CCK → enzymes; Secretin → HCO3-",
      "Zymogens activated by enterokinase in duodenum"],
     ORANGE),
    ("BILE", "500-1000 mL | pH 7.8",
     ["Bile salts 80%, phospholipids 16%, cholesterol 4%,\nbilirubin, electrolytes",
      "Hepatocytes → canaliculi → ducts → CBD",
      "CCK contracts gallbladder; Secretin increases flow",
      "Enterohepatic recirculation 6-10x/day"],
     GREEN),
    ("INTESTINAL\nJUICE", "1800 mL | pH 7.5-8.0",
     ["Mucus, water, electrolytes; brush border enzymes\n(sucrase, maltase, lactase, aminopeptidase)",
      "Crypts of Lieberkühn + Brunner's glands",
      "VIP (cAMP) = major secretagogue",
      "Enterokinase activates trypsinogen → trypsin"],
     PURPLE),
]
card_w = 2.5
for i, (name, vol, points, color) in enumerate(cards):
    x = 0.2 + i * 2.6
    add_rect(slide, x, 1.2, card_w, 0.65, color)
    add_text(slide, name, x+0.05, 1.22, card_w-0.1, 0.61,
             font_size=13, bold=True, color=WHITE,
             align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_rect(slide, x, 1.85, card_w, 0.4, RGBColor(0xF0, 0xF3, 0xF4), color, 1)
    add_text(slide, vol, x+0.05, 1.87, card_w-0.1, 0.36,
             font_size=9, bold=True, italic=True, color=color,
             align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_rect(slide, x, 2.25, card_w, 5.0, WHITE, color, 1)
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(
        Inches(x+0.07), Inches(2.3), Inches(card_w-0.12), Inches(4.8))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = True
    tf.vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.TOP
    tf.margin_left = Pt(2); tf.margin_right = Pt(2)
    tf.margin_top = Pt(2); tf.margin_bottom = Pt(2)
    first = True
    for pt in points:
        if first:
            p = tf.paragraphs[0]; first = False
        else:
            p = tf.add_paragraph()
        p.space_before = Pt(4); p.space_after = Pt(2)
        run = p.add_run()
        run.text = "• " + pt
        run.font.name = "Calibri"
        run.font.size = Pt(11)
        run.font.color.rgb = DARK_TEXT


# Save
out_path = "/tmp/workspace/digestive-juices-ppt/Digestive_Juices.pptx"
prs.save(out_path)
print(f"Saved: {out_path}")

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/digestive-juices-ppt/build_ppt.py'

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/digestive-juices-ppt/build_ppt.py'

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/digestive-juices-ppt/build_ppt.py'