from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import mm, cm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import ListFlowable, ListItem

OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/fmt-agricultural-poisons/Agricultural_Poisons_FMT_NarayanReddy.pdf"

# ── colours ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C_DARK_BLUE   = colors.HexColor("#1a237e")
C_RED         = colors.HexColor("#b71c1c")
C_AMBER       = colors.HexColor("#e65100")
C_GREEN       = colors.HexColor("#1b5e20")
C_TEAL        = colors.HexColor("#006064")
C_PURPLE      = colors.HexColor("#4a148c")
C_LIGHT_BLUE  = colors.HexColor("#e3f2fd")
C_LIGHT_RED   = colors.HexColor("#ffebee")
C_LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#e8f5e9")
C_LIGHT_AMB   = colors.HexColor("#fff3e0")
C_LIGHT_PURP  = colors.HexColor("#f3e5f5")
C_LIGHT_TEAL  = colors.HexColor("#e0f7fa")
C_YELLOW_HL   = colors.HexColor("#fff9c4")
C_GREY_BG     = colors.HexColor("#f5f5f5")
C_DARK_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#424242")
C_MED_GREY    = colors.HexColor("#757575")
C_WHITE       = colors.white
C_BLACK       = colors.black

# ── styles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def build_styles():
    base = getSampleStyleSheet()

    def s(name, parent="Normal", **kw):
        return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=base[parent], **kw)

    return {
        "cover_title": s("cover_title", "Title",
            fontSize=26, textColor=C_DARK_BLUE, spaceAfter=6,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "cover_sub": s("cover_sub",
            fontSize=14, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "cover_meta": s("cover_meta",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_MED_GREY, spaceAfter=2,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"),

        "chapter_head": s("chapter_head",
            fontSize=18, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=2,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER,
            backColor=C_DARK_BLUE, borderPadding=(8,10,8,10)),

        "part_head": s("part_head",
            fontSize=15, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=14,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_LEFT,
            backColor=C_RED, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),

        "section_head": s("section_head",
            fontSize=13, textColor=C_DARK_BLUE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=10,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),

        "sub_head": s("sub_head",
            fontSize=11, textColor=C_AMBER, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=6,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),

        "body": s("body",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=15, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY, fontName="Helvetica"),

        "body_bold": s("body_bold",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=15, fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),

        "bullet": s("bullet",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=3,
            leading=14, leftIndent=16, fontName="Helvetica",
            bulletText="•"),

        "trick_box": s("trick_box",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREEN, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
            backColor=C_LIGHT_GREEN, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),

        "warning_box": s("warning_box",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_RED, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
            backColor=C_LIGHT_RED, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),

        "highlight": s("highlight",
            fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica",
            backColor=C_YELLOW_HL, borderPadding=(5,8,5,8)),

        "code_box": s("code_box",
            fontSize=9, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=13, fontName="Courier",
            backColor=C_GREY_BG, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),

        "q_head": s("q_head",
            fontSize=13, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=10,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_LEFT,
            backColor=C_PURPLE, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),

        "footer_note": s("footer_note",
            fontSize=8, textColor=C_MED_GREY, spaceAfter=2,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"),
    }

# ── table helper ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def styled_table(data, col_widths, header_bg=C_DARK_BLUE, alt_bg=C_LIGHT_BLUE):
    ts = TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), header_bg),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0,0), (-1,0), C_WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",   (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("FONTSIZE",   (0,0), (-1,0), 9),
        ("ALIGN",      (0,0), (-1,0), "CENTER"),
        ("VALIGN",     (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
        ("FONTSIZE",   (0,1), (-1,-1), 9),
        ("FONTNAME",   (0,1), (-1,-1), "Helvetica"),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0,1), (-1,-1), C_DARK_GREY),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [C_WHITE, alt_bg]),
        ("GRID",       (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#bdbdbd")),
        ("TOPPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    t.setStyle(ts)
    return t

# ── build content ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def build_story(st):
    story = []
    sp = lambda n=1: Spacer(1, n*4*mm)
    hr = lambda c=C_DARK_BLUE, t=1: HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=t, color=c, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=4)

    def P(text, style): return Paragraph(text, st[style])
    def B(text): return Paragraph(f"• {text}", st["body"])

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # COVER PAGE
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        sp(8),
        P("🌾 Agricultural Poisons", "cover_title"),
        sp(1),
        P("Chapter 25 | Pages 395–401", "cover_sub"),
        sp(1),
        P("The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology", "cover_sub"),
        P("Dr. K.S. Narayan Reddy | 36th Edition (2026)", "cover_meta"),
        sp(2),
        hr(C_DARK_BLUE, 2),
        sp(1),
        P("Complete Study Notes • Memory Tricks • 10-Marker Q&A", "cover_meta"),
        P("Prepared for Exam Preparation", "cover_meta"),
        sp(10),
        P("⚠️ Study Tips: Read once to understand, twice to memorise, third time to write from memory!", "highlight"),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # BIG PICTURE
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🧠 The Big Picture — What is Chapter 25 About?", "chapter_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("Imagine a farmer spraying his fields. The chemicals he uses to kill insects and weeds — if a human "
          "swallows them, inhales them, or if they touch the skin — these can KILL. Chapter 25 is all about "
          "<b>these farming chemicals as poisons</b>. There are 5 major agricultural poisons you must know cold.", "body"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    overview_data = [
        ["#", "Poison", "What It Is", "Key Word / Hook"],
        ["1", "Organophosphorus (OP)", "Insecticide", "AChE Killer (Irreversible)"],
        ["2", "Carbamates", "Insecticide", "Reversible AChE Killer"],
        ["3", "Chlorates", "Weedkiller", "MetHb + Hemolysis"],
        ["4", "Paraquat", "Herbicide", "Lung Destroyer"],
        ["5", "Aluminum Phosphide (ALP)", "Grain Preservative", "Garlic Smell + No Antidote"],
    ]
    story.append(styled_table(overview_data, [15*mm, 50*mm, 45*mm, 65*mm]))
    story.append(sp(2))

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # PART 1 — OP POISONS
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🔴  PART 1: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS (OP) POISONS — THE MOST IMPORTANT!", "part_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("Think of it like this: Imagine a river called the <b>Acetylcholine River</b>. Normally, a cleaner "
          "called <b>AChE (Acetylcholinesterase)</b> cleans the river. OP compounds <b>DESTROY the cleaner</b>, "
          "so acetylcholine keeps flooding everywhere. The body goes into overdrive!", "body"),
    ]

    story.append(P("Compounds to Know", "section_head"))
    compounds_data = [
        ["Alkyl Phosphates", "Aryl Phosphates"],
        ["HETP, TEPP (Tetron), OMPA, Dimefox,\nMalathion (Kill Bug/Bugsolline),\nSulfotepp, Demeton, Trichlorfon",
         "Parathion (Nitrostigmine/Follidol) ← most common in India\nParaoxon, Methyl-parathion (Metacide),\nChlorothion, Diazinon (Diazion; Tik 20)"],
    ]
    t = Table(compounds_data, colWidths=[87*mm, 87*mm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), C_TEAL),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0,0), (-1,0), C_WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",   (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("FONTNAME",   (0,1), (-1,-1), "Helvetica"),
        ("FONTSIZE",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 9),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0,1), (-1,-1), C_DARK_GREY),
        ("GRID",       (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#bdbdbd")),
        ("VALIGN",     (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
        ("TOPPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ]))
    story += [t, sp(1),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: <b>Alkyl = Already toxic. Aryl = Activated by liver</b> (via Cytochrome P450)", "trick_box"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    story += [
        P("Absorption, Distribution &amp; Metabolism", "section_head"),
        B("Absorbed through: <b>skin, inhalation, mucous membranes, GI tract</b>"),
        B("Widely distributed; readily <b>cross placenta</b>"),
        B("Metabolism in liver via Cytochrome P450; Aryl types need liver activation"),
        B("Mixed with solvent <b>Aromax</b> → causes <b>kerosene-like smell</b> in stomach/vomit"),
        B("Excreted in urine; excretion prolonged over a week"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    story += [
        P("⚡ Mechanism of Action — THE HEART of OP Poisoning", "section_head"),
        P("<b>Normally:</b> Acetylcholine → AChE → Choline + Acetic Acid (all cleaned up!)<br/>"
          "<b>In OP poisoning:</b> Acetylcholine → AChE is BLOCKED by OP → Acetylcholine BUILDS UP everywhere!<br/>"
          "OP binds to AChE <b>IRREVERSIBLY</b> (this is the exam favourite!)", "code_box"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    effects_data = [
        ["Effect Type", "Receptor", "Key Symptoms", "Memory Trick"],
        ["MUSCARINIC\n(glands, smooth muscle)", "M receptors",
         "Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination,\nDefecation, GI cramps, Emesis,\nMiosis, Bradycardia, Bronchospasm",
         "SLUDGE\nSalivation, Lacrimation,\nUrination, Defecation,\nGI cramps, Emesis"],
        ["NICOTINIC\n(skeletal muscle, ganglia)", "N receptors",
         "Muscle fasciculations, Adrenal\nstimulation, Tachycardia (initially),\nCramps, Hypertension",
         "MATCH:\nMuscle fasciculations,\nAdrenal stim,\nTachycardia, Cramps,\nHypertension"],
        ["CNS", "Both M + N",
         "Anxiety, seizures, coma,\nrespiratory failure",
         "—"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(effects_data, [40*mm, 28*mm, 60*mm, 47*mm], header_bg=C_RED),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 DUMBELS trick for full muscarinic picture: <b>D</b>efecation, <b>U</b>rination, <b>M</b>iosis, "
          "<b>B</b>radycardia/Bronchospasm/Bronchorrhoea, <b>E</b>mesis, <b>L</b>acrimation, <b>S</b>alivation/Sweating",
          "trick_box"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    story += [
        P("Diagnosis", "section_head"),
        B("<b>Atropine Test:</b> Give 2 mg atropine IV. Normal person → dry mouth, racing heart. "
          "OP poisoning → symptoms IMPROVE without atropinization = CONFIRMED!"),
        B("<b>Cholinesterase Levels:</b>"),
        Paragraph("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Plasma pseudocholinesterase — more <b>sensitive</b>, falls FIRST",
                  st["body"]),
        Paragraph("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• RBC true cholinesterase — more <b>diagnostic/specific</b>",
                  st["body"]),
        Paragraph("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• RBC AChE &lt;50% of normal = <b>poisoning confirmed</b>",
                  st["body"]),
        Paragraph("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Plasma returns to normal in <b>7–10 days</b>; untreated: <b>4 weeks</b>",
                  st["body"]),
        P("🌟 Remember: <b>Plasma falls FIRST, RBC is MORE accurate for diagnosis</b>", "trick_box"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    story += [
        P("Post-Mortem Findings", "section_head"),
        B("Kerosene/garlic-like smell from mouth, body cavities, stomach contents"),
        B("Pinpoint pupils (miosis)"),
        B("Cyanosis"),
        B("Froth in airways (lungs)"),
        B("Congestion of lungs, liver, brain, kidneys"),
        B("Stomach contents smell of kerosene/aromax solvent"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    story += [
        P("💊 Treatment (Very Important for Exams!)", "section_head"),
        P("Step 1 — Remove from exposure", "sub_head"),
        B("Remove clothes; wash skin with soap + water, then ethanol + water or alkaline solution"),
        B("If eye involved: irrigate all conjunctival surfaces"),
        P("Step 2 — Airway", "sub_head"),
        B("Keep airway patent; tracheostomy may be needed"),
        P("Step 3 — Decontaminate GI (if ingested)", "sub_head"),
        B("Stomach wash with <b>1:5,000 potassium permanganate solution</b>"),
        B("Activated charcoal 1 g/kg; avoid ipecac"),
        B("Cathartic (sorbitol/magnesium citrate) once, unless diarrhoea present"),
        P("Step 4 — SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES: Remember 'A and P'", "sub_head"),
    ]

    antidote_data = [
        ["Drug", "Dose", "Action", "Key Points"],
        ["ATROPINE\n(Drug A)", "2–4 mg IV initially\n(Peds: 0.05 mg/kg)\nDouble every 10–15 min\nUp to 40–2000 mg/day",
         "Blocks muscarinic effects\n(No effect on nicotinic)\nCounteracts CNS effects",
         "• End-point = DRY secretions\n  NOT pupil size!\n• Avoid if HR >140 bpm\n• Ineffective in severe\n  hypoxia/hypotension"],
        ["PAM / Pralidoxime\n2-PAM\n(Drug P)", "1–2 g IV over 15–30 min\n(Peds: 20–40 mg/kg)\nRepeat after 1–2 hrs",
         "REACTIVATES AChE —\nthe ONLY drug that\nreverses the actual block!",
         "• Must give EARLY!\n• After 'aging' (24–48 hrs)\n  PAM won't work\n• Reduces nicotinic\n  symptoms"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(antidote_data, [30*mm, 40*mm, 50*mm, 55*mm], header_bg=C_GREEN),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ AVOID these drugs: Physostigmine, Edrophonium chloride, Succinylcholine — they WORSEN the situation!",
          "warning_box"),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # PART 2 — CARBAMATES
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🔵  PART 2: CARBAMATES", "part_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("Carbamates work the same way as OP — they inhibit AChE — but the key difference is the inhibition "
          "is <b>REVERSIBLE</b>. Think of it as a temporary glue vs. OP's permanent superglue.", "body"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    carb_data = [
        ["Feature", "OP Compounds", "Carbamates"],
        ["Mechanism", "Irreversible AChE inhibition", "REVERSIBLE AChE inhibition"],
        ["Severity", "More severe, prolonged", "Less severe, self-limiting"],
        ["PAM (Pralidoxime)", "YES — essential", "NOT needed / usually avoided"],
        ["Atropine", "YES — essential", "YES — essential"],
        ["Examples", "Parathion, Malathion", "Carbaryl (Sevin), Aldicarb, Carbofuran"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(carb_data, [38*mm, 62*mm, 75*mm], header_bg=C_TEAL),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: 'Carbamates Can reverse — Choose no PAM' (3 C's)", "trick_box"),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # PART 3 — CHLORATES
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🟡  PART 3: CHLORATES (Weedkillers)", "part_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("Think of chlorates as <b>blood cell destroyers</b>. They look like table sugar (sodium chlorate) "
          "— so accidental ingestion is common!", "body"),
        sp(1),
        P("Key Facts", "section_head"),
    ]

    chlorate_facts = [
        ["Property", "Details"],
        ["Used as", "Weed killers, match heads, fireworks"],
        ["Appearance", "Sodium chlorate resembles TABLE SUGAR — accidental ingestion risk!"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "~20–30 g"],
        ["Mechanism", "Powerful oxidising agent → attacks all body cells\n"
                       "Reacts with thiol groups on RBCs → HEMOLYSIS\n"
                       "Oxidises Hb → METHEMOGLOBIN (can't carry O₂!)\n"
                       "Potent NEPHROTOXIN; hemolysis releases K⁺ → fatal hyperkalemia"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(chlorate_facts, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=C_AMBER),
        sp(1),
        P("Symptoms (onset 1–4 hours)", "section_head"),
        B("Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain"),
        B("Shallow breathing"),
        B("Blood/protein/haemoglobin in urine (haematuria, proteinuria, haemoglobinuria)"),
        B("Oliguria/anuria → <b>renal failure</b> (main cause of death)"),
        B("<b>Haemolysis + jaundice + hepatic failure</b>"),
        B("<b>Methemoglobinaemia</b> — can reach 40% or above"),
        B("Agitation, muscular twitchings, convulsions"),
        B("Skin/eyes: irritation, redness, burns, ulcers"),
        P("Treatment", "section_head"),
    ]

    chlorate_tx = [
        ["Step", "Treatment"],
        ["1", "Stomach wash (gastric lavage)"],
        ["2", "Methylene blue — 25 mL of 1% solution IV (for methemoglobinaemia)"],
        ["3", "Sodium thiosulphate — 2–5 g in 200 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate as drink"],
        ["4", "Ascorbic acid — 1 g every 4 hours (drink or slow IV)"],
        ["5", "Peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis"],
        ["6", "Symptomatic management"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(chlorate_tx, [12*mm, 163*mm], header_bg=C_AMBER),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Mnemonic for chlorate treatment: '<b>WASH MB STA</b>' — Wash stomach, Methylene Blue, "
          "Sodium Thiosulphate, Ascorbic acid, dialysis", "trick_box"),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # PART 4 — PARAQUAT
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🟠  PART 4: PARAQUAT — 'The Lung Killer'", "part_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("Paraquat is a <b>bipyridylium herbicide</b> (weed killer). It is the most dangerous herbicide known. "
          "Once ingested in significant quantity, it almost always kills.", "body"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    paraquat_facts = [
        ["Property", "Details"],
        ["Trade names", "Gramoxone (brownish liquid, 10–30%); Weedol (brown granules, ~5%)"],
        ["Use", "Sprayed on weeds BEFORE planting. Becomes inactivated on contact with soil."],
        ["Main route", "Ingestion (fatalities); inhalational deaths during spraying are VERY RARE"],
        ["Mechanism", "NADPH-dependent reduction → FREE RADICALS\n"
                       "Free radicals + O₂ → Superoxide + Hydroxyl radicals (OH·)\n"
                       "→ Disrupts cell structure and causes cell death\n"
                       "Lungs concentrate paraquat via polyamine uptake system → lungs are #1 target"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(paraquat_facts, [35*mm, 140*mm], header_bg=C_AMBER),
        sp(1),
        P("Clinical Phases", "section_head"),
    ]

    pq_phases = [
        ["Phase", "Timing", "Features"],
        ["Phase 1", "Early (24–48 hrs)", "Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain,\nulceration of mouth/throat (corrosive)"],
        ["Phase 2", "Days 3–14", "ARDS, PULMONARY FIBROSIS (the killer!), renal failure, liver damage"],
        ["Phase 3", "Late", "Irreversible lung fibrosis → death by respiratory failure"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(pq_phases, [25*mm, 35*mm, 115*mm], header_bg=C_AMBER),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Most tested fact: <b>Paraquat = Pulmonary Fibrosis</b>", "trick_box"),
        P("⛔ WARNING: HIGH-DOSE OXYGEN IS CONTRAINDICATED IN PARAQUAT POISONING! "
          "Oxygen increases free radical formation and WORSENS lung damage. This is a favourite exam trick!",
          "warning_box"),
        P("Treatment", "section_head"),
        B("NO specific antidote (very important exam point!)"),
        B("Fuller's earth (bentonite) — adsorbs paraquat in gut"),
        B("Gastric lavage"),
        B("Haemoperfusion (to remove from blood)"),
        B("Immunosuppression: steroids + cyclophosphamide (to slow fibrosis)"),
        B("Supportive care"),
        P("🌟 'The THREE NOs of Paraquat: No antidote, No O₂ (high dose), No cure if severe'", "trick_box"),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # PART 5 — ALP
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🟤  PART 5: ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE (ALP) — 'The Grain Poison'", "part_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("ALP is one of the most lethal agricultural poisons in India, especially in rural areas. "
          "It is used for preserving stored grains (wheat, rice) against insects and rodents.", "body"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    alp_facts = [
        ["Property", "Details"],
        ["Trade names", "Celphos, Phostoxin, Quickphos"],
        ["Formulations", "Tablets (3 g each), pellets (0.6 g each), powder"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "1 tablet = 3 g — very small, very lethal!"],
        ["Smell", "GARLIC-LIKE odor (key exam point)"],
        ["Mechanism", "ALP + moisture/HCl in stomach → Phosphine gas (PH₃)\n"
                       "Phosphine → inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase\n"
                       "→ blocks electron transport chain → cellular energy failure → cell death"],
        ["Main cause of death", "CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE (cardiac failure)"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(alp_facts, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=C_DARK_GREY),
        sp(1),
        P("Symptoms", "section_head"),
        B("<b>GI:</b> Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, GI bleeding"),
        B("<b>CVS:</b> Hypotension, arrhythmias, cardiac failure (main cause of death!)"),
        B("<b>Respiratory:</b> ARDS, pulmonary oedema, cyanosis"),
        B("<b>CNS:</b> Anxiety, restlessness, ataxia, convulsions, coma"),
        B("<b>Metabolic:</b> Metabolic acidosis"),
        B("Appear within 30 minutes to a few hours of ingestion"),
        sp(1),
        P("Forensic Test for ALP", "section_head"),
        P("<b>Silver Nitrate Paper Test:</b> Phosphine gas turns silver nitrate paper <b>BLACK</b>. "
          "This is the important forensic confirmatory test!", "highlight"),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances", "section_head"),
        B("Garlic-like odor at mouth, nostrils, and gastric contents"),
        B("Blood-stained froth at mouth and nostrils"),
        B("Congested mucous membrane of lower oesophagus, stomach, duodenum"),
        B("Decreasing congestion in small intestine"),
        B("Lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, brain — all congested"),
        B("<b>Centrizonal haemorrhagic necrosis of liver</b>"),
        sp(1),
        P("Histopathology", "section_head"),
    ]

    histo_data = [
        ["Organ", "Histopathological Changes"],
        ["Stomach", "Congestion, oedema, leucocytic infiltration, sloughing of gastric mucosa"],
        ["Lungs", "Congestion, oedema, desquamation of respiratory epithelium,\nthickened alveoli, lymphocytic infiltration"],
        ["Kidneys", "Congestion, necrosis, tubular degeneration and regeneration"],
        ["Adrenals", "Congestion, haemorrhage, necrosis"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(histo_data, [30*mm, 145*mm], header_bg=C_DARK_GREY),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment (NO specific antidote!)", "section_head"),
    ]

    alp_tx = [
        ["Step", "Treatment"],
        ["1", "Gastric lavage with potassium permanganate after endotracheal intubation\n"
              "(oxidises phosphine → non-toxic phosphate); repeat 2–3 times"],
        ["2", "Activated charcoal 100 g orally mixed with SORBITOL (NOT water),\n"
              "240 mL per 30 g — to adsorb phosphine"],
        ["3", "Antacids — reduce symptoms + reduce absorption of phosphine"],
        ["4", "Liquid paraffin — helps excretion of ALP and phosphine from gut"],
        ["5", "NO specific antidote"],
        ["6", "Magnesium sulphate — 1 g IV; then 1–1.5 g every 6 hrs for 5–7 days\n"
              "(reduces organ toxicity, corrects hypomagnesaemia + arrhythmias)"],
        ["7", "Fluids for shock: 4–6 litres in first 3–6 hours (50% normal saline)"],
        ["8", "Low-dose dopamine: 4–6 mcg/kg/min (cardiac support)"],
        ["9", "IV Hydrocortisone: 400 mg every 4–6 hours (highly effective; reduces dopamine dose)"],
        ["10", "Oxygen for hypoxia; IV sodium carbonate for metabolic acidosis"],
        ["11", "Peritoneal or haemodialysis"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(alp_tx, [12*mm, 163*mm], header_bg=C_DARK_GREY),
        sp(2),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # MASTER COMPARISON TABLE
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("📊 MASTER COMPARISON TABLE — Exam Gold!", "chapter_head"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    master_data = [
        ["Feature", "OP", "Carbamate", "Chlorate", "Paraquat", "ALP"],
        ["Use", "Insecticide", "Insecticide", "Weedkiller", "Herbicide", "Grain preservative"],
        ["Mechanism", "Irreversible\nAChE inhibition", "Reversible\nAChE inhibition",
         "MetHb +\nHaemolysis +\nNephrotoxin", "Free radicals\n→ lung damage", "Phosphine\n→ mito block"],
        ["Key symptom", "SLUDGE +\nMiosis", "Milder SLUDGE", "MetHb +\nRenal failure",
         "Pulmonary\nFibrosis", "Cardiac failure\n+ garlic smell"],
        ["Antidote", "Atropine +\nPAM", "Atropine\nonly", "Methylene\nblue", "NONE", "NONE"],
        ["PAM useful?", "YES", "NO", "No", "No", "No"],
        ["Smell", "Kerosene/\ngarlic", "—", "—", "—", "Garlic"],
        ["Key test", "Atropine test\nAChE levels", "—", "MetHb level", "—", "Silver nitrate\npaper → black"],
        ["Main COD", "Respiratory\nfailure", "Respiratory\nfailure", "Renal failure", "Respiratory\nfailure/fibrosis",
         "Cardiovascular\ncollapse"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(master_data, [30*mm, 29*mm, 29*mm, 29*mm, 29*mm, 29*mm]),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # WARNINGS BOX
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("⚠️  CRITICAL EXAM WARNINGS — Do NOT Get These Wrong!", "chapter_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ 1. PARAQUAT + HIGH-DOSE OXYGEN = DANGEROUS! High-dose O₂ increases free radical formation "
          "and WORSENS lung damage. Very common trick question.", "warning_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ 2. PAM (Pralidoxime) MUST be given EARLY — once 'aging' occurs (AChE-OP bond becomes permanent, "
          "~24–48 hrs), PAM won't work. Never give PAM late and expect results.", "warning_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ 3. ALP HAS NO ANTIDOTE — pure supportive treatment; very high mortality. "
          "Students often write atropine for ALP — WRONG!", "warning_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ 4. ATROPINE END-POINT IS DRY SECRETIONS, NOT PUPILS — do not stop atropine based on "
          "pupil size. This is the number one clinical error in OP poisoning.", "warning_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ 5. CARBAMATES — PAM is usually NOT used/needed (sometimes even avoided in some references). "
          "Remember: reversible = no need to reactivate!", "warning_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("⛔ 6. SODIUM CHLORATE LOOKS LIKE TABLE SUGAR — this is why accidental ingestion is common. "
          "A history of 'mistook white powder for sugar' = think chlorate!", "warning_box"),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # MEMORY TRICKS SUMMARY
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("🧠 MEMORY TRICKS SUMMARY", "chapter_head"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    tricks_data = [
        ["Mnemonic / Trick", "What It Helps You Remember"],
        ["SLUDGE", "Muscarinic symptoms: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI cramps, Emesis"],
        ["DUMBELS", "Full muscarinic picture: Defecation, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia/Bronchospasm,\n"
                    "Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation/Sweating"],
        ["'A and P' antidotes", "Atropine (muscarinic block) + PAM/Pralidoxime (nicotinic + reactivation of AChE)"],
        ["'Carbamates Can reverse —\nChoose no PAM' (3 C's)", "Reversible inhibition; no PAM needed"],
        ["'THREE NOs of Paraquat'", "No antidote, No high-dose O₂, No cure if severe"],
        ["'Gramoxone = Grass Gone'", "Trade name for Paraquat"],
        ["'Celphos = Cell-phosphide'", "Trade name for Aluminum Phosphide"],
        ["'ALP = Garlic + Grain +\nNo Antidote'", "Three key ALP facts"],
        ["'Plasma falls FIRST,\nRBC is MORE accurate'", "Interpretation of cholinesterase levels in OP poisoning"],
        ["'WASH MB STA'", "Chlorate treatment: Wash stomach → Methylene Blue → Sodium Thiosulphate →\nAscorbic acid → dialysis"],
        ["'Alkyl = Already toxic;\nAryl = Activated by liver'", "Difference between alkyl and aryl phosphates in OP"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(tricks_data, [55*mm, 120*mm], header_bg=C_PURPLE, alt_bg=C_LIGHT_PURP),
        sp(2),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # 10-MARKER QUESTION
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        P("✍️  10-MARKER EXAM QUESTION &amp; MODEL ANSWER", "q_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("<b>Question:</b> Describe the toxicology of Organophosphorus poisoning. Include its mechanism of "
          "action, clinical features, post-mortem findings, and treatment. <i>(10 Marks)</i>", "highlight"),
        sp(1),
    ]

    answer_sections = [
        ("Introduction — 1 Mark",
         "Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are esters of phosphoric acid widely used as insecticides in agriculture. "
         "They are among the most common causes of poisoning in India. They form two series: "
         "(1) Alkyl phosphates (e.g., Malathion, TEPP) and (2) Aryl phosphates (e.g., Parathion/Follidol, Methyl-parathion)."),

        ("Absorption and Metabolism — 1 Mark",
         "OP compounds are absorbed through skin, inhalation, mucous membranes, and the GI tract. They are widely "
         "distributed and cross the placenta. Metabolism occurs in the liver via cytochrome P450. Aryl phosphates require "
         "liver activation. They are mixed with solvent (Aromax) causing a kerosene-like smell. Excreted in urine over ~1 week."),

        ("Mechanism of Action — 2 Marks",
         "Normally, acetylcholine (ACh) released at nerve synapses is broken down by AChE. OP compounds bind "
         "<b>irreversibly</b> to AChE, preventing breakdown of ACh. Accumulated ACh causes:<br/>"
         "• <b>Muscarinic effects (SLUDGE):</b> Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI cramps, Emesis; "
         "plus miosis, bradycardia, bronchospasm<br/>"
         "• <b>Nicotinic effects:</b> Muscle fasciculations, weakness, hypertension, tachycardia (initially)<br/>"
         "• <b>CNS effects:</b> Anxiety, convulsions, coma, respiratory failure"),

        ("Clinical Features — 1 Mark",
         "Onset within minutes to hours. Key features: profuse sweating, hypersalivation, lacrimation, "
         "<b>pinpoint pupils (miosis)</b>, bradycardia, bronchospasm, muscle fasciculations, urinary incontinence, "
         "convulsions, and death from respiratory failure."),

        ("Diagnosis — 1 Mark",
         "1. <b>Atropine test:</b> 2 mg IV atropine — no atropinisation confirms OP poisoning.<br/>"
         "2. <b>Cholinesterase levels:</b> Plasma (sensitive, falls first); RBC (&lt;50% normal confirms poisoning). "
         "Plasma normalises in 7–10 days; untreated cases need 4 weeks."),

        ("Post-Mortem Findings — 1 Mark",
         "Kerosene/garlic-like smell; pinpoint pupils; cyanosis; froth in airways; "
         "congestion of lungs, liver, kidneys, brain; gastric contents smelling of kerosene/solvent."),

        ("Treatment — 3 Marks",
         "1. Remove from exposure; wash skin with soap, water, and ethanol.<br/>"
         "2. Gastric lavage with 1:5,000 KMnO₄ solution; activated charcoal 1 g/kg.<br/>"
         "3. <b>Atropine sulphate:</b> 2–4 mg IV initially; double every 10–15 min; up to 40–2,000 mg/day; "
         "end-point is dry secretions (NOT pupils).<br/>"
         "4. <b>Pralidoxime (2-PAM):</b> 1–2 g IV over 15–30 min; must be given EARLY before aging; reactivates AChE; "
         "reduces nicotinic symptoms.<br/>"
         "5. AVOID: physostigmine, succinylcholine, edrophonium chloride.<br/>"
         "6. Supportive: airway management, tracheostomy if needed, treat seizures."),
    ]

    for title, text in answer_sections:
        story += [
            P(title, "sub_head"),
            P(text, "body"),
            sp(1),
        ]

    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # LAST-NIGHT RECAP
    # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    story += [
        PageBreak(),
        P("📌 LAST-NIGHT-BEFORE-EXAM QUICK RECAP CARD", "chapter_head"),
        sp(1),
        P("OP POISONING:\n"
          "→ Irreversible AChE inhibition\n"
          "→ SLUDGE (muscarinic) + Fasciculations (nicotinic) + Coma (CNS)\n"
          "→ Pinpoint pupils, kerosene smell, excessive secretions\n"
          "→ Antidote: ATROPINE (muscarinic) + PAM (reactivation)\n"
          "→ Confirm: Atropine test + AChE levels (<50% RBC = poisoned)", "code_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("CARBAMATES:\n"
          "→ Like OP but REVERSIBLE → Atropine only, no PAM needed\n"
          "→ Less severe, self-limiting", "code_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("CHLORATES (Weedkiller):\n"
          "→ Oxidising agent → MetHb + Haemolysis + Renal failure\n"
          "→ Antidote: Methylene blue\n"
          "→ Treatment mnemonic: WASH MB STA", "code_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("PARAQUAT (Gramoxone, Herbicide):\n"
          "→ Free radicals → PULMONARY FIBROSIS\n"
          "→ NO antidote, NO high-dose O₂, Fuller's earth\n"
          "→ Highest mortality", "code_box"),
        sp(1),
        P("ALP (Celphos, Grain Preservative):\n"
          "→ Phosphine gas → Mitochondrial block → CARDIAC FAILURE\n"
          "→ Garlic smell, NO antidote\n"
          "→ Treatment: Magnesium sulphate + Hydrocortisone + Supportive", "code_box"),
        sp(2),
        hr(C_DARK_BLUE, 2),
        sp(1),
        P("Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026), Dr. K.S. Narayan Reddy, "
          "Chapter 25: Agricultural Poisons, Pages 395–401",
          "footer_note"),
        P("Study tip: Read 3 times. 1st — understand the story. 2nd — cover the right column, test yourself. "
          "3rd — write the 10-marker from memory. You will ace your exams!",
          "footer_note"),
    ]

    return story


# ── main ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def main():
    styles = build_styles()
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
        OUTPUT,
        pagesize=A4,
        leftMargin=18*mm,
        rightMargin=18*mm,
        topMargin=20*mm,
        bottomMargin=20*mm,
        title="Agricultural Poisons — FMT Chapter 25",
        author="Narayan Reddy FMT Study Notes",
        subject="Forensic Medicine & Toxicology — Agricultural Poisons",
    )
    story = build_story(styles)
    doc.build(story)
    print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import mm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY

OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/fmt-corrosive-poisons/Corrosive_Poisons_Ch26_FMT_NarayanReddy.pdf"

# ── colours ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C_DARK_RED    = colors.HexColor("#7b0000")
C_RED         = colors.HexColor("#c62828")
C_ORANGE      = colors.HexColor("#e65100")
C_DARK_BLUE   = colors.HexColor("#0d47a1")
C_TEAL        = colors.HexColor("#004d40")
C_PURPLE      = colors.HexColor("#4a148c")
C_GREEN       = colors.HexColor("#1b5e20")
C_DARK_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#212121")
C_MED_GREY    = colors.HexColor("#616161")
C_LIGHT_RED   = colors.HexColor("#ffebee")
C_LIGHT_BLUE  = colors.HexColor("#e3f2fd")
C_LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#e8f5e9")
C_LIGHT_AMB   = colors.HexColor("#fff3e0")
C_LIGHT_PURP  = colors.HexColor("#f3e5f5")
C_YELLOW_HL   = colors.HexColor("#fff9c4")
C_GREY_BG     = colors.HexColor("#f5f5f5")
C_WHITE       = colors.white

def build_styles():
    base = getSampleStyleSheet()
    def s(name, parent="Normal", **kw):
        return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=base[parent], **kw)
    return {
        "cover_title": s("cover_title", fontSize=28, textColor=C_DARK_RED, spaceAfter=6,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "cover_sub": s("cover_sub", fontSize=14, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "cover_meta": s("cover_meta", fontSize=10, textColor=C_MED_GREY, spaceAfter=2,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"),
        "chapter_head": s("chapter_head", fontSize=17, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER,
            backColor=C_DARK_RED, borderPadding=(8,10,8,10)),
        "part_head": s("part_head", fontSize=14, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=12,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_LEFT,
            backColor=C_RED, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "section_head": s("section_head", fontSize=12, textColor=C_DARK_BLUE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=8,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "sub_head": s("sub_head", fontSize=11, textColor=C_ORANGE, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=5,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "body": s("body", fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=15, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "bullet": s("bullet", fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=3,
            leading=14, leftIndent=14, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "trick_box": s("trick_box", fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREEN, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_LIGHT_GREEN, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "warning_box": s("warning_box", fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_RED, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_LIGHT_RED, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "highlight": s("highlight", fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica", backColor=C_YELLOW_HL, borderPadding=(5,8,5,8)),
        "code_box": s("code_box", fontSize=9, textColor=C_DARK_GREY, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=13, fontName="Courier", backColor=C_GREY_BG, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "q_head": s("q_head", fontSize=13, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=8,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_LEFT,
            backColor=C_PURPLE, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "footer_note": s("footer_note", fontSize=8, textColor=C_MED_GREY, spaceAfter=2,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"),
        "important": s("important", fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK_BLUE, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_LIGHT_BLUE, borderPadding=(5,8,5,8)),
    }

def styled_table(data, col_widths, header_bg=C_DARK_RED, alt_bg=C_LIGHT_RED):
    ts = TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), header_bg),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0,0), (-1,0), C_WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",   (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("FONTSIZE",   (0,0), (-1,0), 9),
        ("ALIGN",      (0,0), (-1,0), "CENTER"),
        ("VALIGN",     (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
        ("FONTSIZE",   (0,1), (-1,-1), 9),
        ("FONTNAME",   (0,1), (-1,-1), "Helvetica"),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0,1), (-1,-1), C_DARK_GREY),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [C_WHITE, alt_bg]),
        ("GRID",       (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#bdbdbd")),
        ("TOPPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    t.setStyle(ts)
    return t

def B(text, st): return Paragraph(f"• {text}", st["bullet"])
def P(text, style, st): return Paragraph(text, st[style])
def sp(n=1): return Spacer(1, n*4*mm)
def hr(c=None): 
    if c is None: c = C_DARK_RED
    return HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=c, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=4)

def build_story(st):
    story = []

    # ── COVER ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        sp(6),
        P("🧪 Corrosive Poisons", "cover_title", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Chapter 26 | Pages 402–407", "cover_sub", st),
        P("The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology", "cover_sub", st),
        P("Dr. K.S. Narayan Reddy | 36th Edition (2026)", "cover_meta", st),
        sp(2),
        hr(), sp(1),
        P("Complete Study Notes  •  Memory Tricks  •  10-Marker & 5-Marker Q&A", "cover_meta", st),
        sp(8),
        P("📌 Study Tip: Read once to understand the story. Read twice to memorise. Write from memory on the third read!",
          "highlight", st),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ── WHAT IS A CORROSIVE POISON? ───────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🧠 What is a Corrosive Poison? — The Big Picture", "chapter_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Imagine pouring <b>toilet cleaner (acid)</b> or <b>drain cleaner (alkali)</b> on a piece of "
          "raw meat. It would burn, dissolve, and destroy the meat's surface. <b>That is exactly what "
          "corrosive poisons do inside the human body.</b>", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("<b>Definition:</b> A corrosive poison is one that <b>fixes, destroys, and erodes</b> the "
          "surface with which it comes in contact. It works by:", "body", st),
        B("Extracting water from body tissues (dehydration of cells)", st),
        B("Coagulating (hardening) cellular proteins — turning soft tissue into dead, hard crust", st),
        B("Converting haemoglobin into haematin (dark pigment) — turns blood dark", st),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: <b>'C-D-C'</b> = Corrosive → Destroys by: <b>D</b>ehydration + <b>C</b>oagulation + <b>C</b>onversion of Hb to Haematin",
          "trick_box", st),
        sp(1),
    ]

    # Classification table
    story += [
        P("Classification of Corrosives (MUST KNOW!)", "section_head", st),
    ]
    class_data = [
        ["Category", "Substances"],
        ["(1) Inorganic Acids\n(Mineral Acids)", "Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄)\nNitric Acid (HNO₃)\nHydrochloric Acid (HCl)"],
        ["(2) Organic Acids", "Carbolic Acid (Phenol)\nOxalic Acid\nFormic Acid\nAcetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)"],
        ["(3) Alkalis", "Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda)\nPotassium Hydroxide (Caustic Potash)\nAmmonia"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(class_data, [55*mm, 120*mm]),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: <b>'I-O-A'</b> = Inorganic acids + Organic acids + Alkalis. "
          "For inorganic: <b>'SNH'</b> = Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric", "trick_box", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── GENERAL MECHANISM ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("⚙️ General Mechanism — How All Mineral Acids Work", "chapter_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("When a strong mineral acid (like sulphuric acid) touches moist skin or mucous membranes, "
          "the following happens step by step:", "body", st),
        B("<b>Step 1 — Exothermic reaction:</b> Acid + moisture = HEAT generated (chemical burn + heat burn together!)", st),
        B("<b>Step 2 — Coagulation necrosis:</b> The heat + corrosion causes proteins to coagulate (harden) → forms a crust/eschar", st),
        B("<b>Step 3 — The crust is a double-edged sword:</b> It may prevent acid going deeper, BUT the acid can still be absorbed into blood", st),
        B("<b>Step 4 — Systemic effects:</b> Absorbed acid → systemic acidosis + haemolysis + decreased cardiac output", st),
        B("<b>Step 5 — Stomach:</b> Damage is mostly in stomach and pylorus (not oesophagus) → perforation → mediastinitis, sepsis, shock, death", st),
        sp(1),
        P("⚠️ KEY EXAM POINT: <b>Acids damage the STOMACH more than the oesophagus. Alkalis damage the OESOPHAGUS more than the stomach.</b> This is opposite and frequently tested!",
          "warning_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Acid vs Alkali Burns — Comparison", "section_head", st),
    ]
    acid_alk = [
        ["Feature", "ACID Burns", "ALKALI Burns"],
        ["pH", "Less than 2", "Greater than 11.5"],
        ["Type of necrosis", "COAGULATION necrosis\n(hard, dry crust/eschar)", "LIQUEFACTION necrosis\n(soft, wet, deeper burns)"],
        ["Eschar appearance", "Hard, dry, leathery, dark,\nclearly demarcated", "Soft, oedematous, translucent,\nsoap-like, red-brown"],
        ["Depth of injury", "Superficial (crust limits depth)", "DEEPER burns (no limiting crust)"],
        ["Oedema", "Mild", "Marked oedema"],
        ["Main site of damage", "STOMACH + pylorus", "OESOPHAGUS"],
        ["Charring", "YES (especially H₂SO₄, HNO₃)", "NOT seen"],
        ["Slough", "Dry, firm", "Mucilaginous (slimy)"],
        ["More dangerous overall?", "Less deep", "MORE severe tissue destruction"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(acid_alk, [40*mm, 62*mm, 73*mm], header_bg=C_TEAL, alt_bg=C_LIGHT_BLUE),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Trick: <b>'Alkalis are WORSE'</b> — they cause LIQUEFACTION (soft deep melting) vs acids causing COAGULATION (hard surface crust). "
          "Alkalis = A for Awful = deeper damage!", "trick_box", st),
        sp(2),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ── SULPHURIC ACID ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🔴  PART 1: SULPHURIC ACID (H₂SO₄) — 'Oil of Vitriol'", "part_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("This is the <b>most important and most commonly tested</b> corrosive acid in FMT exams. "
          "Learn this one perfectly!", "important", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Physical Characteristics", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Pure form:</b> Heavy, odourless, colourless, non-fuming, hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), oily liquid", st),
        B("Also known as: <b>'Oil of Vitriol'</b> — this is its most important alternative name for exams!", st),
        B("<b>Commercial form:</b> Brown or dark coloured", st),
        B("Has a tendency to <b>carbonize (char) organic substances</b> — turns organic material black/dark", st),
        B("<b>Superficial burns</b> after just 1 second of contact!", st),
        B("<b>Full thickness burns</b> after 30 seconds of contact!", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms", "section_head", st),
        P("<b>On the face and mouth (Local effects):</b>", "sub_head", st),
        B("<b>Lips:</b> Swollen and excoriated (raw, scraped)", st),
        B("<b>Brown or black streaks</b> from angles of mouth running down to chin and neck (where the acid dripped!)", st),
        B("Corrosion of mucous membranes of mouth, throat, oesophagus", st),
        B("<b>Immediate burning pain</b> — severe!", st),
        B("<b>Stridor</b> (noisy breathing — airway involvement)", st),
        B("Drooling, odynophagia (painful swallowing), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)", st),
        B("<b>Teeth become chalky-white</b> — acid dissolves calcium in teeth enamel!", st),
        B("<b>Tongue:</b> Swollen, sodden (waterlogged), and BLACK", st),
        P("<b>On swallowing/stomach:</b>", "sub_head", st),
        B("Epigastric pain soon spreads all over abdomen and thorax", st),
        B("<b>Pharyngeal pain</b> is the most common presenting symptom", st),
        B("Eructation (belching), nausea, vomiting", st),
        B("<b>Vomit is brown/black, mucoid, strongly acidic</b> — may contain shreds of charred stomach wall!", st),
        B("Intense <b>thirst</b> — but any attempt to drink causes vomiting (cruel cycle!)", st),
        B("Abdomen becomes <b>distended and very tender</b>", st),
        B("<b>Constipation</b> is severe + tenesmus (constant urge to defecate without result)", st),
        P("<b>Systemic/Other effects:</b>", "sub_head", st),
        B("Circulatory collapse may cause immediate death", st),
        B("Asphyxia from <b>oedema of the glottis</b> (larynx swells, blocks airway)", st),
        B("Voice becomes <b>hoarse and husky</b>", st),
        B("Eyes become <b>sunken</b>, pupils usually <b>dilated</b>", st),
        B("<b>Mind remains CLEAR till death</b> — this is a classic exam point! Patient is conscious and aware throughout!", st),
        B("If person recovers: late <b>oesophageal, gastric and pyloric strictures</b> may develop", st),
        B("Permanent scars in skin and oropharynx", st),
        sp(1),
        P("⭐ KEY EXAM POINTS for Sulphuric Acid:", "important", st),
    ]
    sa_key = [
        ["Key Fact", "Detail"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "10–5 mL (very small amount can kill!)"],
        ["Fatal Period", "12–24 hours"],
        ["Causes of Death", "1. Circulatory collapse\n2. Spasm/oedema of glottis (asphyxia)\n3. Collapse due to stomach perforation"],
        ["Special name", "Oil of Vitriol"],
        ["Teeth colour", "Chalky-white"],
        ["Tongue appearance", "Swollen, black"],
        ["Vomit colour", "Brown or black"],
        ["Mind", "REMAINS CLEAR till death"],
        ["Late complication", "Oesophageal/gastric/pyloric strictures"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(sa_key, [55*mm, 120*mm]),
        sp(1),
    ]

    # PM appearances sulphuric acid
    story += [
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances — Sulphuric Acid", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Exterior:</b> Brown/black streaks on face, chin, and neck where acid flowed", st),
        B("<b>Lips:</b> Swollen, brown-black, excoriated", st),
        B("<b>Mouth + Tongue:</b> Corroded, black, shrunken", st),
        B("<b>Teeth:</b> Chalky-white, crumbling", st),
        B("<b>Stomach:</b> Most severely affected — mucosa charred, black; may have perforations", st),
        B("<b>Oesophagus:</b> Less affected than stomach (contrast with alkali!)", st),
        B("<b>Odour:</b> Pungent acid smell", st),
        B("<b>Blood:</b> Dark (haemoglobin converted to haematin)", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment — Sulphuric Acid", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>DO NOT</b> give emetics (vomiting would re-damage the oesophagus and mouth)", st),
        B("<b>DO NOT</b> do gastric lavage (risk of perforation)", st),
        B("Give <b>alkali diluents</b> orally: Milk, egg white, chalk, magnesia (to neutralise the acid)", st),
        B("Demulcents (soothing agents): olive oil, milk", st),
        B("<b>Milk of magnesia</b> (magnesium hydroxide) — preferred antidote", st),
        B("Pain relief, IV fluids, treat shock", st),
        B("Tracheostomy if glottis oedema blocks airway", st),
        B("Later: dilatation of strictures if they develop", st),
        sp(1),
        P("⚠️ WARNING: NEVER give sodium bicarbonate in acid poisoning! The reaction produces CO₂ gas which can cause gastric distension and perforation!",
          "warning_box", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── NITRIC ACID ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🟡  PART 2: NITRIC ACID (HNO₃) — 'Aqua Fortis'", "part_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Think of Nitric Acid as Sulphuric Acid's cousin — similar but with one VERY IMPORTANT difference: "
          "the colour it causes on skin is <b>YELLOW</b> (not black like sulphuric acid).", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Physical Characteristics", "section_head", st),
        B("Fuming, strongly oxidising acid", st),
        B("Pure form: colourless; commercial form: yellowish/reddish-brown", st),
        B("Also called: <b>'Aqua Fortis'</b> (Latin for 'strong water') — important alternative name!", st),
        B("Reacts with proteins to produce a <b>yellow colour</b> (xanthoproteic reaction)", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms", "section_head", st),
        B("Similar to sulphuric acid — burning pain, vomiting, collapse", st),
        B("KEY DIFFERENCE: <b>Yellow staining of skin, mouth, and burns</b> — called 'Xanthoproteic reaction'", st),
        B("Vomit is <b>yellow or green</b> (not black like H₂SO₄)", st),
        B("Skin burns show <b>yellow-brown/orange colour</b>", st),
        B("Less tendency to char than sulphuric acid", st),
        B("Fumes cause lung damage if inhaled", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    na_key = [
        ["Key Fact", "Detail"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "~8 mL"],
        ["Fatal Period", "12–24 hours"],
        ["Special name", "Aqua Fortis"],
        ["Burn colour", "YELLOW (Xanthoproteic reaction) — KEY difference!"],
        ["Vomit colour", "Yellow or green"],
        ["Causes of Death", "Same as sulphuric acid: shock, glottis oedema, perforation"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(na_key, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=colors.HexColor("#f57f17")),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: <b>Nitric acid = YELLOW</b>. Think: 'N for Nitric = N for Nice Yellow colour'. "
          "Sulphuric = Black/Brown. Nitric = Yellow. HCl = No colour change (colourless burns).",
          "trick_box", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── HYDROCHLORIC ACID ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🟢  PART 3: HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl) — 'Spirits of Salt'", "part_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("HCl is also known as <b>Muriatic Acid</b> or <b>Spirits of Salt</b>. It is the acid your "
          "stomach naturally produces! (but in much weaker form). In concentrated form — it is very corrosive.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Physical Characteristics", "section_head", st),
        B("Fuming, colourless liquid with a pungent smell", st),
        B("Also called: <b>'Spirits of Salt'</b> or <b>'Muriatic Acid'</b>", st),
        B("Present naturally in the stomach (gastric acid) in dilute form", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms", "section_head", st),
        B("Similar to other mineral acids: burning pain, vomiting, dysphagia", st),
        B("Burns are <b>greyish-white</b> (no yellow like nitric, no charring like sulphuric)", st),
        B("Vomit is <b>colourless/white</b>", st),
        B("Fumes are very irritating to the respiratory tract", st),
        B("Risk of laryngeal and pulmonary oedema from fume inhalation", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    hcl_key = [
        ["Key Fact", "Detail"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "~15–30 mL"],
        ["Fatal Period", "Hours to days"],
        ["Special names", "Spirits of Salt / Muriatic Acid"],
        ["Burn colour", "Greyish-white (no charring, no yellow)"],
        ["Key feature", "Fuming liquid; fumes damage lungs"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(hcl_key, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=C_GREEN),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Mineral Acids Quick Memory Table: H₂SO₄ = BLACK/Brown burns, 'Oil of Vitriol'  |  "
          "HNO₃ = YELLOW burns, 'Aqua Fortis'  |  HCl = GREY-WHITE burns, 'Spirits of Salt'",
          "trick_box", st),
        sp(2),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ── OXALIC ACID ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🟠  PART 4: OXALIC ACID — 'The Calcium Thief'", "part_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Oxalic acid is special — it is NOT just a corrosive, it is also a <b>systemic poison</b>. "
          "Its main evil trick is that it <b>steals calcium</b> from your blood, causing calcium oxalate crystals "
          "to form and deposit everywhere!", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Where is oxalic acid found?", "section_head", st),
        B("Wood bleach (used to whiten wood)", st),
        B("Cleaning agents, rust removers", st),
        B("Naturally in plants: rhubarb, spinach, sorrel (in small non-toxic amounts)", st),
        B("Ink removers, metal polishes", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Mechanism of Action — THE KEY!", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Step 1:</b> Oxalic acid binds calcium in the blood → forms <b>calcium oxalate</b> crystals", st),
        B("<b>Step 2:</b> Calcium is removed from blood → <b>HYPOCALCAEMIA</b> (low blood calcium)", st),
        B("<b>Step 3:</b> Low calcium → muscle cramps, tetany, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias", st),
        B("<b>Step 4:</b> Calcium oxalate crystals deposit in <b>kidney tubules</b> → renal failure (tubular necrosis)", st),
        B("<b>Step 5:</b> Crystals also deposit in blood vessels of brain → cerebral damage", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms", "section_head", st),
        B("Burning pain in mouth, throat, stomach", st),
        B("Vomiting, diarrhoea", st),
        B("<b>Tetany</b> — muscle spasms/cramps (due to hypocalcaemia)", st),
        B("<b>Convulsions</b>", st),
        B("Renal failure — oliguria, anuria, haematuria", st),
        B("Cardiovascular collapse", st),
        B("Numbness and tingling (from low calcium)", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    ox_key = [
        ["Key Fact", "Detail"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "15–30 g"],
        ["Fatal Period", "Several hours to days"],
        ["Mechanism", "Calcium chelation → hypocalcaemia + calcium oxalate crystal deposition"],
        ["Key organ damage", "Kidneys (tubular necrosis from oxalate crystals)"],
        ["Special test", "Urine shows calcium oxalate crystals on microscopy"],
        ["Antidote", "Calcium gluconate IV (replaces stolen calcium!)"],
        ["Treatment also", "Large amounts of lime water or chalk (oral calcium source)"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(ox_key, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=C_ORANGE),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: <b>'Oxalic acid OXES the calcium out'</b> → Hypocalcaemia → Tetany + Renal failure. "
          "Treatment = Give back the calcium! (Calcium gluconate IV)", "trick_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Finding:", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Calcium oxalate crystals in kidney tubules</b> — seen on histopathology (microscopy). This is a CLASSIC PM finding!", st),
        B("White deposits/precipitates in stomach and small intestine", st),
        B("Renal tubular necrosis", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── CARBOLIC ACID ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🟣  PART 5: CARBOLIC ACID (PHENOL) — 'The Nerve Blocker'", "part_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Carbolic acid is also called <b>Phenol</b>. It is special because it has both <b>LOCAL corrosive "
          "effects</b> AND <b>SYSTEMIC effects on the nervous system</b>. Poisoning by carbolic acid is "
          "specifically called <b>'Carbolism'</b>.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Physical Characteristics", "section_head", st),
        B("White crystalline solid, turns pinkish/reddish on exposure to air", st),
        B("<b>Strong characteristic smell</b> (antiseptic smell — like old hospitals!)", st),
        B("Slightly soluble in water; commercial preparations: <b>Lysol</b>, Dettol (dilute)", st),
        B("Absorbed through skin, mucous membranes, GI tract, lungs", st),
        B("A trace is excreted by lungs, salivary glands, skin, and stomach", st),
        B("About <b>36 hours</b> required for complete excretion", st),
        B("Partly detoxified by liver", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    ph_key = [
        ["Key Fact", "Detail"],
        ["Fatal Dose", "10–15 g; 25–50 mL of household phenol"],
        ["Fatal Period", "3–4 hours (much faster than mineral acids!)"],
        ["Poisoning called", "CARBOLISM"],
        ["Key smell", "Strong phenol/carbolic odour in breath and urine"],
        ["Urine colour", "Smoky green/dark (from quinol metabolites)"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(ph_key, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=C_PURPLE),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms — Three Areas Affected", "section_head", st),
        P("<b>(1) LOCAL effects on skin:</b>", "sub_head", st),
        B("Burns skin and causes <b>numbness</b> (damages nerve endings — so burns are PAINLESS!)", st),
        B("<b>Precipitates protein, coagulates cell contents</b> → stiffens and bleaches tissues", st),
        B("<b>White opaque eschar</b> (hard white crust) forms — PAINLESS — falls off in a few days → leaves brown stain", st),
        B("Deep burns are BLACK", st),
        B("Lysol (carbolic acid preparation) discolours tissues brownish-purple", st),
        B("Necrosis and gangrene — tissue becomes green-white or brown-white", st),
        P("<b>(2) LOCAL effects on digestive tract:</b>", "sub_head", st),
        B("Hot burning pain from mouth to stomach, followed by <b>tingling → then ANAESTHESIA</b> (numbness)", st),
        B("Deglutition (swallowing) and speech become painful and difficult", st),
        B("<b>Lips, mouth, tongue corroded → white and hardened</b>", st),
        B("Nausea and vomiting present in about <b>20% of cases only</b>", st),
        B("Respiratory: pulmonary and laryngeal oedema → slow, laboured breathing → respiratory failure", st),
        P("<b>(3) SYSTEMIC effects (CNS depression):</b>", "sub_head", st),
        B("Phenol is a <b>CNS DEPRESSANT</b> — specifically depresses the respiratory centre", st),
        B("Headache, giddiness, unconsciousness, <b>COMA</b>", st),
        B("Temperature is <b>subnormal</b> (low body temperature)", st),
        B("<b>Pupils are CONTRACTED</b> (miosis) — opposite of sulphuric acid!", st),
        B("Breathing: stertorous (snoring, laboured)", st),
        B("Pulse: rapid, feeble, irregular", st),
        B("Face covered with <b>cold sweat</b>", st),
        B("Dusky cyanosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis", st),
        B("<b>Liver damage</b> in severe cases", st),
        B("Haemolysis and <b>methaemoglobinaemia</b> — characteristic in severe cases", st),
        B("<b>Convulsions and lockjaw</b> sometimes occur", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Urine in Carbolic Acid Poisoning:", "section_head", st),
        P("<b>Urine turns dark green/smoky/dark brown</b> on standing. This is due to quinol (hydroquinone) and "
          "catechol metabolites of phenol being excreted in urine. This is a CLASSIC and very frequently "
          "tested post-mortem/clinical finding!", "highlight", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances — Carbolic Acid", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Strong phenol smell</b> from stomach contents and body", st),
        B("Skin: white hardened eschar, or brownish-purple (if Lysol)", st),
        B("Stomach: mucosa pale, white or grey, hardened; Fig 26.3 shows stomach in Lysol poisoning", st),
        B("Liver: congested, fatty change", st),
        B("<b>Dark/olive green urine</b> in bladder", st),
        B("Lungs: oedema, congestion", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment — Carbolic Acid", "section_head", st),
        B("Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin with water or olive oil (do NOT use alcohol — it increases absorption!)", st),
        B("Gastric lavage with <b>castor oil or liquid paraffin</b> (these dissolve phenol and prevent absorption)", st),
        B("Give <b>castor oil</b> as purgative + demulcent", st),
        B("DO NOT give alcohol (ethanol) — it INCREASES phenol absorption!", st),
        B("Symptomatic treatment: oxygen for respiratory failure, treat seizures", st),
        B("No specific antidote", st),
        sp(1),
        P("⚠️ WARNING: Never give alcohol/ethanol in carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning — it dramatically increases absorption and worsens toxicity!",
          "warning_box", st),
        sp(2),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ── ALKALIS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🔵  PART 6: ALKALIS (Caustic Soda, Caustic Potash, Ammonia)", "part_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Alkalis are the OPPOSITE of acids in chemistry, but in terms of damage to the body, "
          "<b>alkalis are actually MORE dangerous</b> than acids! They cause deeper, more destructive burns.",
          "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Common Alkali Poisons", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</b> — Caustic Soda — used in drain cleaners", st),
        B("<b>Potassium hydroxide (KOH)</b> — Caustic Potash", st),
        B("<b>Ammonia (NH₃)</b> — most commonly involved in alkali poisoning", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Mechanism of Alkali Burns", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Alkalis dissolve PROTEIN (saponification of fat)</b> — they literally melt tissue", st),
        B("Produce <b>LIQUEFACTION NECROSIS</b> — tissue becomes soft, wet, liquefied (no protective crust!)", st),
        B("Because there is no hard crust to stop them, alkalis <b>penetrate DEEPER</b> into tissue", st),
        B("Required pH: <b>11.5 or more</b> to cause injury (strong alkali)", st),
        B("Produce soft, oedematous, translucent, <b>soap-like</b>, swollen eschar, red-brown in colour", st),
        B("Sloughs are <b>mucilaginous</b> (slimy/gel-like)", st),
        B("<b>NO charring</b> seen (charring is only in acids)", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms", "section_head", st),
        B("Severe burning pain in mouth, throat, oesophagus, stomach", st),
        B("Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), drooling", st),
        B("Vomiting — may contain sloughed tissue", st),
        B("Oedema of glottis → stridor, respiratory difficulty", st),
        B("<b>Oesophageal damage is more severe than stomach damage</b> — opposite of acids!", st),
        B("Circulatory collapse, shock", st),
        B("Late complication: <b>Oesophageal stricture</b> (very common with alkali burns)", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Circumstances of Alkali Poisoning:", "section_head", st),
        B("Rare poison overall", st),
        B("Accidental cases — mistaken for medicine", st),
        B("Homicidal poisoning: rare; <b>caustic soda solution thrown on face of enemy</b> (acid attack equivalent)", st),
        B("<b>Ammonia poisoning is MORE COMMON</b> than other alkalis", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    alk_key = [
        ["Key Fact", "Detail"],
        ["Necrosis type", "LIQUEFACTION (soft, deep, no crust)"],
        ["Main site of damage", "OESOPHAGUS (more than stomach)"],
        ["Charring", "ABSENT (charring is only in acids)"],
        ["Eschar", "Soft, soapy, mucilaginous"],
        ["More dangerous?", "YES — deeper burns, no protective crust"],
        ["Common complication", "Oesophageal stricture"],
        ["Treatment", "Dilute acids (lemon juice, dilute vinegar) to neutralise;\nDo NOT give concentrated acid — danger!"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(alk_key, [40*mm, 135*mm], header_bg=C_DARK_BLUE),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── CHEMICAL BURNS SECTION ───────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🔥 Chemical Burns — Important Section", "chapter_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("The amount of tissue damage in chemical burns depends on:", "body", st),
        B("The agent itself", st),
        B("Its strength and concentration", st),
        B("The QUANTITY of chemical", st),
        B("The DURATION of contact", st),
        B("The extent of penetration into the body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("<b>Important:</b> Chemicals <b>continue to act on tissue</b> until they are either neutralised by "
          "another agent OR inactivated by the tissue reaction itself.", "highlight", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Special Chemical Burns to Know:", "section_head", st),
        B("<b>Cement (pH 12.5–14):</b> Prolonged contact can produce chemical burns — important occupational hazard!", st),
        B("<b>Hydrocarbons (gasoline/petrol):</b> Chemical burns due to irritant effect + high lipid solubility", st),
        B("<b>Phosphorus and Phenol</b> also cause chemical burns", st),
        B("<b>Hydrofluoric acid:</b> Causes MUCH DEEPER burns — causes liquefaction necrosis (unusual for an acid — behaves like an alkali in this respect!)", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── MASTER COMPARISON TABLE ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("📊 MASTER TABLE — All Corrosive Poisons at a Glance (EXAM GOLD!)", "chapter_head", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    master = [
        ["Feature", "H₂SO₄\n(Sulphuric)", "HNO₃\n(Nitric)", "HCl\n(Hydrochloric)", "Oxalic\nAcid", "Carbolic\n(Phenol)", "Alkalis"],
        ["Alt. name", "Oil of\nVitriol", "Aqua\nFortis", "Spirits\nof Salt /\nMuriatic", "—", "Phenol;\nLysol", "Caustic\nSoda/Potash"],
        ["Fatal dose", "10–5 mL", "~8 mL", "15–30 mL", "15–30 g", "10–15 g", "Variable"],
        ["Fatal period", "12–24 h", "12–24 h", "Hours–days", "Hours–days", "3–4 h!", "12–24 h"],
        ["Burn colour", "BLACK/\nBrown", "YELLOW\n(Xantho-\nprotein)", "Grey-\nwhite", "White\nppt.", "WHITE\neschar", "No colour\nchange;\nsoapy"],
        ["Necrosis", "Coagulation\n(hard crust)", "Coagulation\n(hard crust)", "Coagulation\n(hard crust)", "Precipi-\ntation", "Coagulation\n(white,\npainless!)", "LIQUEFAC-\nTION\n(deep, soft)"],
        ["Main target", "Stomach", "Stomach", "Stomach +\nlungs (fumes)", "KIDNEYS\n(crystals)", "CNS +\noesoph.", "OESOPHA-\nGUS"],
        ["Special feature", "Charring,\nblack vomit,\nclear mind", "Yellow\nstaining\n(xantho-\nprotein rxn)", "Fuming;\nlungs at risk", "Hypocal-\ncaemia +\ntetany!", "Urine goes\nDARK GREEN;\npainless burns!", "Deeper burns;\nno charring"],
        ["Antidote/Rx", "Milk of\nmagnesia,\nnot NaHCO₃!", "Same as\nH₂SO₄", "Same as\nH₂SO₄", "Ca gluconate\nIV!", "Castor oil;\nNO alcohol!", "Dilute lemon\njuice/vinegar"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(master, [23*mm,25*mm,25*mm,25*mm,22*mm,22*mm,23*mm]),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── MEMORY TRICKS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("🧠 Memory Tricks Summary", "chapter_head", st),
        sp(1),
    ]
    tricks = [
        ["Trick", "What to Remember"],
        ["'SNH' for Inorganic acids", "Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric"],
        ["'Oil of Vitriol'", "Sulphuric Acid's nickname"],
        ["'Aqua Fortis'", "Nitric Acid's nickname"],
        ["'Spirits of Salt / Muriatic'", "Hydrochloric Acid's nicknames"],
        ["Sulphuric = BLACK burns", "H₂SO₄ chars organic matter → black/brown"],
        ["Nitric = YELLOW burns", "Xanthoproteic reaction → yellow staining"],
        ["HCl = GREY-WHITE burns", "No charring, no yellow"],
        ["Carbolic = WHITE PAINLESS eschar", "Phenol numbs nerve endings → painless burns"],
        ["'Carbolism'", "Specific term for carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning"],
        ["'Urine goes dark green in phenol'", "Quinol metabolites colour the urine"],
        ["'Oxalic = Calcium Thief'", "Chelates Ca²⁺ → hypocalcaemia → tetany + renal crystals"],
        ["'Alkalis MELT tissue (Liquefaction)'", "No protective crust → deeper burns than acids"],
        ["'Acids destroy STOMACH, Alkalis destroy OESOPHAGUS'", "Classic opposite exam point"],
        ["'Never NaHCO₃ in acid poisoning'", "CO₂ production → gastric distension/perforation"],
        ["'Never alcohol in phenol poisoning'", "Increases phenol absorption dramatically"],
        ["Fatal period: Phenol = 3–4 h FASTEST", "Phenol kills faster than mineral acids (12–24 h)"],
    ]
    story += [
        styled_table(tricks, [70*mm, 105*mm], header_bg=C_PURPLE, alt_bg=C_LIGHT_PURP),
        sp(2),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ── 10-MARKER QUESTION ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("✍️  10-MARKER QUESTION &amp; MODEL ANSWER", "q_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("<b>Q: Classify corrosive poisons. Describe the signs, symptoms, post-mortem appearances, "
          "and treatment of Sulphuric Acid poisoning. (10 Marks)</b>", "highlight", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Introduction + Classification — 2 Marks", "sub_head", st),
        P("A corrosive poison fixes, destroys, and erodes the surface it contacts. It works by extracting "
          "water from tissues, coagulating cellular proteins, and converting haemoglobin to haematin.<br/><br/>"
          "<b>Classification:</b> (1) Inorganic acids: Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric  "
          "(2) Organic acids: Carbolic acid, Oxalic acid, Formic acid  "
          "(3) Alkalis: Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, Ammonia.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Sulphuric Acid Characteristics — 1 Mark", "sub_head", st),
        P("Pure sulphuric acid (Oil of Vitriol; H₂SO₄) is a heavy, odourless, colourless, hygroscopic, "
          "oily liquid. Commercial form is brown. Causes superficial burns after 1 second, full thickness burns "
          "after 30 seconds. Fatal dose: 10–5 mL. Fatal period: 12–24 hours.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms — 3 Marks", "sub_head", st),
        P("<b>Local effects:</b> Brown/black streaks on face from acid flow. Corrosion of mucous membranes of mouth, "
          "throat, oesophagus. Burning pain, stridor, dysphagia. Teeth become chalky-white. Tongue is swollen, "
          "sodden, and black. Vomit is brown/black and acidic. Intense thirst.<br/>"
          "<b>Systemic effects:</b> Epigastric pain spreading to entire abdomen. Circulatory collapse. "
          "Oedema of glottis causing asphyxia. Hoarse voice. Abdomen distended and tender. Constipation and "
          "tenesmus. Pupils dilated. <b>Mind remains CLEAR till death.</b> Late: oesophageal and pyloric strictures.",
          "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances — 2 Marks", "sub_head", st),
        P("Brown/black streaks on face and chin. Lips swollen, brown-black, excoriated. Mouth and tongue "
          "corroded, black, shrunken. Teeth chalky-white and crumbling. Stomach most severely affected — "
          "mucosa charred, black, with possible perforations. Oesophagus less affected. Blood is dark "
          "(haemoglobin converted to haematin). Pungent acid smell.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Causes of Death — 1 Mark", "sub_head", st),
        P("(1) Circulatory collapse  (2) Spasm or oedema of glottis causing asphyxia  "
          "(3) Collapse due to perforation of stomach.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment — 1 Mark", "sub_head", st),
        P("Do NOT induce vomiting. Do NOT do gastric lavage. Give demulcents: milk, egg white, olive oil. "
          "Milk of magnesia to neutralise acid. IV fluids and treat shock. Tracheostomy if glottis oedema "
          "blocks airway. Do NOT give sodium bicarbonate (CO₂ production causes perforation). "
          "Later: dilatation of strictures.", "body", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── 5-MARKER QUESTION ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("✍️  5-MARKER QUESTION &amp; MODEL ANSWER", "q_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("<b>Q: Describe the signs, symptoms, and treatment of Carbolic Acid (Phenol) poisoning. (5 Marks)</b>",
          "highlight", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Introduction — 0.5 Mark", "sub_head", st),
        P("Carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning is called Carbolism. Fatal dose: 10–15 g. Fatal period: 3–4 hours. "
          "Absorbed through skin and GI tract. Excreted over 36 hours.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms — 2.5 Marks", "sub_head", st),
        P("<b>Local:</b> Skin — white opaque painless eschar (numbs nerves). GI tract — burning pain then numbness, "
          "lips/mouth corroded and white/hardened.<br/>"
          "<b>Systemic (CNS depression):</b> Headache, giddiness, coma. Subnormal temperature. Pupils contracted "
          "(miosis). Rapid feeble irregular pulse. Cold sweating. Cyanosis. Haemolysis. Methaemoglobinaemia in "
          "severe cases. Strong phenol smell in breath.<br/>"
          "<b>Urine:</b> Turns dark green/smoky brown on standing.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem — 1 Mark", "sub_head", st),
        P("Strong phenol odour. White hardened skin/mucosal burns. Stomach pale, white, hardened. "
          "Liver congested with fatty change. Dark olive-green urine in bladder.", "body", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment — 1 Mark", "sub_head", st),
        P("Remove contaminated clothes. Wash skin with water or olive oil. Gastric lavage with castor oil or "
          "liquid paraffin. Castor oil as purgative. <b>DO NOT give alcohol</b> (increases absorption). "
          "Oxygen for respiratory failure. Treat convulsions. No specific antidote.", "body", st),
        sp(2),
    ]

    # ── LAST NIGHT RECAP ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story += [
        P("📌 LAST-NIGHT-BEFORE-EXAM QUICK RECAP CARD", "chapter_head", st),
        sp(1),
        P("CORROSIVES = Fix, Destroy, Erode → by Dehydration + Coagulation of protein + Hb→Haematin\n"
          "Classes: Inorganic acids (SNH) + Organic acids + Alkalis", "code_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("H₂SO₄ = Oil of Vitriol | BLACK burns | Charring | Stomach main target\n"
          "Fatal dose: 10-5 mL | Fatal period: 12-24 h | Mind stays CLEAR till death\n"
          "Treatment: Milk of magnesia; NEVER NaHCO₃", "code_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("HNO₃ = Aqua Fortis | YELLOW burns (Xanthoproteic) | Aqua Fortis\n"
          "HCl = Spirits of Salt | GREY-WHITE burns | Fuming; lung risk\n", "code_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Oxalic acid = CALCIUM THIEF → Hypocalcaemia → Tetany + Renal crystals\n"
          "Antidote: Calcium Gluconate IV", "code_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Carbolic acid = Phenol = CARBOLISM | 3-4 h fatal | Painless WHITE eschar\n"
          "DARK GREEN urine | Pupils CONTRACTED | CNS depressant\n"
          "Treatment: Castor oil; NEVER alcohol", "code_box", st),
        sp(1),
        P("Alkalis = LIQUEFACTION (deeper than acids!) | OESOPHAGUS main target\n"
          "Soapy, mucilaginous slough | No charring | Oesophageal stricture common\n"
          "Ammonia = most common alkali poison", "code_box", st),
        sp(2),
        hr(),
        sp(1),
        P("Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026), "
          "Dr. K.S. Narayan Reddy, Chapter 26: Corrosive Poisons, Pages 402–407",
          "footer_note", st),
        P("Tip: Read 3 times. 1st — understand. 2nd — cover and test yourself. 3rd — write from memory!",
          "footer_note", st),
    ]

    return story

def main():
    import os
    os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/fmt-corrosive-poisons", exist_ok=True)
    styles = build_styles()
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
        OUTPUT, pagesize=A4,
        leftMargin=18*mm, rightMargin=18*mm,
        topMargin=20*mm, bottomMargin=20*mm,
        title="Corrosive Poisons — FMT Chapter 26",
        author="Narayan Reddy FMT Study Notes",
        subject="Forensic Medicine & Toxicology — Corrosive Poisons",
    )
    story = build_story(styles)
    doc.build(story)
    print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import mm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
import os

OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/fmt-metallic-poisons/Metallic_Poisons_Ch27_FMT_NarayanReddy.pdf"
os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/fmt-metallic-poisons", exist_ok=True)

C_DARK      = colors.HexColor("#1a237e")
C_GOLD      = colors.HexColor("#f57f17")
C_RED       = colors.HexColor("#b71c1c")
C_GREEN     = colors.HexColor("#1b5e20")
C_TEAL      = colors.HexColor("#004d40")
C_PURPLE    = colors.HexColor("#4a148c")
C_GREY_D    = colors.HexColor("#212121")
C_GREY_M    = colors.HexColor("#616161")
C_L_GOLD    = colors.HexColor("#fff8e1")
C_L_BLUE    = colors.HexColor("#e3f2fd")
C_L_GREEN   = colors.HexColor("#e8f5e9")
C_L_RED     = colors.HexColor("#ffebee")
C_L_PURP    = colors.HexColor("#f3e5f5")
C_YELLOW    = colors.HexColor("#fff9c4")
C_GREY_BG   = colors.HexColor("#f5f5f5")
C_WHITE     = colors.white
C_ORANGE    = colors.HexColor("#e65100")
C_BROWN     = colors.HexColor("#4e342e")
C_STEEL     = colors.HexColor("#37474f")

def mk_styles():
    base = getSampleStyleSheet()
    def s(name, **kw): return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=base["Normal"], **kw)
    return {
        "cov_t": s("cov_t", fontSize=28, textColor=C_GOLD, spaceAfter=6,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "cov_s": s("cov_s", fontSize=14, textColor=C_GREY_D, spaceAfter=4,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "cov_m": s("cov_m", fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREY_M, spaceAfter=2,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"),
        "ch_h": s("ch_h", fontSize=17, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER,
            backColor=C_DARK, borderPadding=(8,10,8,10)),
        "part_h": s("part_h", fontSize=14, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=12,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_GOLD, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "sec_h": s("sec_h", fontSize=12, textColor=C_DARK, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=7,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "sub_h": s("sub_h", fontSize=11, textColor=C_ORANGE, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=5,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold"),
        "body": s("body", fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREY_D, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=15, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "blt": s("blt", fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREY_D, spaceAfter=3,
            leading=14, leftIndent=14, fontName="Helvetica"),
        "trick": s("trick", fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREEN, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_L_GREEN, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "warn": s("warn", fontSize=10, textColor=C_RED, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_L_RED, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "hl": s("hl", fontSize=10, textColor=C_GREY_D, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica", backColor=C_YELLOW, borderPadding=(5,8,5,8)),
        "imp": s("imp", fontSize=10, textColor=C_DARK, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_L_BLUE, borderPadding=(5,8,5,8)),
        "code": s("code", fontSize=9, textColor=C_GREY_D, spaceAfter=4,
            leading=13, fontName="Courier", backColor=C_GREY_BG, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "q_h": s("q_h", fontSize=13, textColor=C_WHITE, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=8,
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", backColor=C_PURPLE, borderPadding=(6,8,6,8)),
        "foot": s("foot", fontSize=8, textColor=C_GREY_M, spaceAfter=2,
            alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"),
    }

def tbl(data, widths, hbg=C_DARK, abg=C_L_BLUE):
    ts = TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0),hbg),("TEXTCOLOR",(0,0),(-1,0),C_WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",(0,0),(-1,0),"Helvetica-Bold"),("FONTSIZE",(0,0),(-1,0),9),
        ("ALIGN",(0,0),(-1,0),"CENTER"),("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"TOP"),
        ("FONTSIZE",(0,1),(-1,-1),9),("FONTNAME",(0,1),(-1,-1),"Helvetica"),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",(0,1),(-1,-1),C_GREY_D),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[C_WHITE,abg]),
        ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.HexColor("#bdbdbd")),
        ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),
    ])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=widths, repeatRows=1)
    t.setStyle(ts)
    return t

def build(st):
    story=[]
    def P(txt,sty): return Paragraph(txt, st[sty])
    def B(txt): return Paragraph(f"• {txt}", st["blt"])
    def sp(n=1): return Spacer(1,n*4*mm)
    def hr(): return HRFlowable(width="100%",thickness=1,color=C_GOLD,spaceAfter=4,spaceBefore=4)

    # COVER
    story+=[sp(5),
        P("⚗️  Metallic Poisons","cov_t"),sp(1),
        P("Chapter 27","cov_s"),
        P("The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","cov_s"),
        P("Dr. K.S. Narayan Reddy | 36th Edition (2026)","cov_m"),
        sp(2),hr(),sp(1),
        P("Complete Study Notes  •  Memory Tricks  •  10-Marker Q&A","cov_m"),
        sp(7),
        P("📌 Metals covered: Arsenic  •  Mercury  •  Lead  •  Copper  •  Thallium  •  Manganese  •  Iron","hl"),
        P("Tip: Read once to understand the story. Twice to memorise. Third time — write from memory!","hl"),
        PageBreak()]

    # BIG PICTURE
    story+=[
        P("🧠 What Are Metallic Poisons? — The Big Picture","ch_h"),sp(1),
        P("Imagine you swallow a tiny piece of a metal — like arsenic powder, or mercury vapour, "
          "or lead paint. These metals sneak into your blood, travel to organs like the liver, kidneys, "
          "and brain, and destroy them from the inside. Some metals kill you fast (acute poisoning). "
          "Others destroy you slowly over months or years (chronic poisoning). "
          "<b>Chapter 27 teaches you about the most important poisonous metals in forensic medicine.</b>","body"),
        sp(1),
        P("Quick Overview of Metallic Poisons","sec_h"),
    ]
    overview=[
        ["Metal","Key Nickname/Feature","Most Famous Sign","Antidote"],
        ["Arsenic","'King of Poisons'\nCommon homicide poison","Aldrich-Mees lines in nails;\nRaindrop pigmentation","BAL (Dimercaprol)\nDMSA/DMPS"],
        ["Mercury","'Quick Silver'\nLiquid metal","'Mad Hatter' disease;\nMinamata disease","BAL / DMPS / DMSA"],
        ["Lead","'Plumbism / Saturnism'\nPaint, petrol","Burton's line (gum);\nBasophilic stippling (RBC)","BAL + CaNa₂EDTA\nD-Penicillamine"],
        ["Copper","Blue-green vomit;\nWilson's disease","Kayser-Fleischer ring in eye","BAL / D-Penicillamine"],
        ["Thallium","Rat poison;\nHair loss poison","Alopecia (hair loss) +\nMees lines","Prussian Blue"],
        ["Manganese","Inhalation hazard","Parkinsonism-like syndrome","Symptomatic"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(overview,[38*mm,42*mm,55*mm,40*mm]),sp(2)]

    # ─── ARSENIC ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("🥇  PART 1: ARSENIC — 'The King of Poisons'","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Arsenic is the MOST IMPORTANT metallic poison in FMT. It is the number one choice for "
          "homicidal poisoning because: (1) It is odourless, (2) Tasteless (or slight sweet metallic taste), "
          "(3) Looks like flour/sugar, (4) Cannot be detected in food easily, "
          "(5) Symptoms resemble food poisoning and cholera!","imp"),sp(1),
        P("Physical Properties &amp; Poisonous Compounds","sec_h"),
        B("<b>Metallic arsenic (black)</b> = NON-TOXIC when swallowed — not absorbed from gut!"),
        B("When heated → arsenic + oxygen → <b>Arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃)</b> → TOXIC vapour"),
        B("<b>Most poisonous compound = Arsenious oxide / Arsenic trioxide</b> (white arsenic / sankhya / somalkhar)"),
        B("Appears as: (a) White smooth heavy crystalline powder OR (b) White opaque solid mass like porcelain"),
        B("<b>No taste, no smell</b> — floats on water surface (lighter than water appears!)"),
        B("Other compounds: Copper arsenite (Scheele's green/Paris green), Arsine gas (garlic smell), Sodium arsenate"),
        B("Used in: fruit sprays, weed killers, insecticides, rat poisons, fly papers, taxidermy, wallpapers"),
        sp(1),
        P("Mechanism of Action","sec_h"),
        B("Arsenic combines with <b>sulphydryl (-SH) groups of mitochondrial enzymes</b> — especially pyruvate oxidase"),
        B("This blocks cellular respiration (cells can't produce energy!)"),
        B("Target = <b>Vascular endothelium</b> → increased permeability → tissue oedema and haemorrhage"),
        B("Locally: irritation of mucous membranes"),
        B("Remotely: depression of nervous system"),
        P("🌟 Trick: Arsenic = <b>'SH group blocker'</b> — blocks sulphydryl groups → cells can't breathe!","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms — Acute Poisoning","sec_h"),
        P("<b>(1) Fulminant Type (massive dose 3–5 g):</b>","sub_h"),
        B("Death in 1–3 hours from shock and peripheral vascular failure"),
        B("All capillaries dilate massively (splanchnic area) → severe fall in blood pressure"),
        B("<b>GI symptoms are ABSENT</b> in fulminant type — death before GI can react!"),
        B("Direct action on heart muscle → cardiac failure"),
        P("<b>(2) Gastroenteric Type (MOST COMMON — resembles food poisoning!):</b>","sub_h"),
        B("Symptoms appear 30 minutes to 1 hour after ingestion (may be delayed if taken with food)"),
        B("<b>Sweetish metallic taste</b>"),
        B("Constriction in throat, difficulty swallowing, burning and colicky pain in oesophagus/stomach/bowel"),
        B("Intense thirst + severe vomiting (may be projectile)"),
        B("Purging (within 1–3 hours) + tenesmus + pain + irritation around anus"),
        B("Stools: initially dark, stinking, bloody → later become <b>colourless, odourless, watery, rice-water like</b> (resembles cholera!)"),
        B("Urine: albumin, blood, decreased output"),
        B("CNS: headache, giddiness, delirium, muscle cramps, convulsions, coma"),
        B("Liver damage, heart damage (subendocardial petechiae)"),
        sp(1),
        P("⭐ Arsenic vs Cholera — Classic Exam Table","sec_h"),
    ]
    ars_chol=[
        ["Trait","Arsenic Poisoning","Cholera"],
        ["Pain in throat","BEFORE vomiting","After vomiting"],
        ["Purging","After vomiting","BEFORE vomiting"],
        ["Stools","Dark-coloured and bloody;\nlater rice-watery","Rice-watery from start;\nNOT bloody; involuntary jet"],
        ["Tenesmus","PRESENT","Absent"],
        ["Vomit","Contains mucus, bile and blood","Watery; no mucus/bile/blood"],
        ["Voice","NOT affected","Rough and whistling"],
        ["Conjunctivae","INFLAMED","Not inflamed"],
        ["Lab","Arsenic in excreta","Cholera vibrio in stool"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(ars_chol,[40*mm,55*mm,80*mm],hbg=C_RED,abg=C_L_RED),sp(1),
        P("🌟 Trick: 'In arsenic, THROAT pain comes FIRST, then vomit. In cholera, VOMIT comes first then purging.'","trick"),sp(1)]

    story+=[
        P("Chronic Arsenic Poisoning","sec_h"),
        P("Chronic arsenic poisoning can be due to: (1) Accidental repeated exposure at work, "
          "(2) Homicidal repeated small doses, (3) Recovery from acute poisoning.","body"),
        P("Features by System:","sub_h"),
        B("<b>Skin (MOST CHARACTERISTIC):</b> Finely mottled brown pigmentation — 'RAINDROP TYPE of pigmentation' on flexures, temples, eyelids, neck"),
        B("Rash resembling fading measles rash"),
        B("<b>Nails:</b> Transverse white lines called <b>ALDRICH-MEES LINES</b> + brittle nails + irregular thickening"),
        B("<b>Palms and Soles:</b> Hyperkeratosis (thickening/hardening of skin)"),
        B("<b>Hair:</b> Loss of hair"),
        B("<b>CNS:</b> Polyneuritis, anaesthesias, paraesthesia, encephalopathy"),
        B("<b>Eyes:</b> Congestion, watering, photophobia"),
        B("<b>GI:</b> Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, salivation"),
        B("<b>CVS/Kidneys:</b> Chronic nephritis, cardiac failure, dependent oedema"),
        B("<b>Liver:</b> Hepatomegaly, jaundice, cirrhosis"),
        B("<b>Blood:</b> Bone marrow suppression, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukaemia"),
        P("⭐ ALDRICH-MEES LINES are transverse white lines in fingernails — a classic marker of chronic arsenic (and also seen in thallium)!","imp"),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances","sec_h"),
        B("Body well preserved (arsenic is a natural preservative — prevents putrefaction!)"),
        B("Stomach: mucosa swollen, oedematous, RED ('red velvet appearance') — lines of redness along walls"),
        B("Submucous haemorrhages in stomach and intestine"),
        B("Sticky mucus covering mucosa with particles of arsenic"),
        B("<b>Subendocardial petechial haemorrhages of the ventricle</b> — CLASSIC and TYPICAL of arsenic!"),
        B("Liver, spleen, kidneys: congested, enlarged, cloudy swelling, fatty change"),
        B("Fatty deposits in heart, liver, kidneys + acute tubular necrosis"),
        B("Garlic-like odour from body (from arsine compound formation)"),
        P("🌟 KEY PM TRICK: <b>'Arsenic = Red velvet stomach + Subendocardial petechiae + Body preserved'</b>","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment — Arsenic","sec_h"),
        B("Gastric lavage with warm water"),
        B("<b>BAL (British Anti-Lewisite / Dimercaprol):</b> 3 mg/kg IM every 4 hours for 2 days"),
        B("<b>DMSA (Dimercaptosuccinic acid / Succimer):</b> oral chelation — very effective"),
        B("<b>DMPS</b> (Dimercaptopropane sulphonic acid): IV or oral"),
        B("Supportive: IV fluids, treat shock"),
        B("Note: For ORGANIC arsenic compounds, chelation is NOT very effective"),
        P("🌟 Antidote for Arsenic = <b>BAL/Dimercaprol</b> (+ DMSA/DMPS). All work by binding to arsenic's sulphydryl-binding sites!","trick"),
        sp(2),PageBreak()]

    # ─── MERCURY ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("🌡️  PART 2: MERCURY (QUICK SILVER)","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Mercury is special — it is the only metal that is LIQUID at room temperature! "
          "It looks like a shiny silver liquid ball. Hence the name 'Quick Silver.' "
          "It is volatile (turns to gas/vapour) at room temperature.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Physical Properties","sec_h"),
        B("Liquid metal at room temperature — bright silvery appearance"),
        B("<b>Volatile at room temperature</b> — vapour can be inhaled!"),
        B("Forms two series: (1) <b>Mercuric</b> — soluble, intensely poisonous; (2) <b>Mercurous</b> — less soluble, less active"),
        B("<b>Metallic mercury (liquid) is NOT poisonous if swallowed</b> — not absorbed from gut"),
        B("Dangerous when: breathed as vapour, swallowed as vapour, applied to skin in finely divided state"),
        sp(1),
        P("Poisonous Compounds","sec_h"),
        B("<b>Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)</b> — Corrosive Sublimate — most famous! Colourless prismatic crystals, styptic metallic taste"),
        B("<b>Mercuric oxide</b> — brick-red crystalline powder"),
        B("<b>Mercuric sulfide (Cinnabar/Sindoor)</b> — vermilion, used in Hindu rituals"),
        B("<b>Mercurous chloride (Calomel)</b> — used as purgative in old medicine"),
        B("<b>Mercury thiocyanate</b> — used in Diwali (produces Pharaoh snake/serpent effect!)"),
        B("Organic mercury compounds — phenyl mercury, methyl mercury — MORE toxic than inorganic"),
        sp(1),
        P("Mechanism of Action","sec_h"),
        B("Mercuric ion binds with <b>sulphydryl (-SH) groups</b> of enzymes and cellular proteins"),
        B("Also binds to nucleic acids and mitotic apparatus → interferes with cell division"),
        B("Rapidly converted to mercuric ions in blood → <b>renal tubular damage</b>"),
        B("In CNS: acts mainly on <b>cerebellum, temporal lobe, basal ganglia</b> and corpus callosum"),
        P("🌟 Trick: Mercury = <b>'SH group blocker like arsenic'</b> but targets KIDNEY (renal tubular damage) + CEREBELLUM/BRAIN (CNS symptoms)!","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms — Acute Poisoning (TWO PHASES!)","sec_h"),
        P("<b>PHASE 1 (Immediate — first few hours):</b>","sub_h"),
        B("Acrid metallic taste in mouth"),
        B("Constriction in throat, hoarseness of voice, difficulty breathing"),
        B("Mouth, tongue, fauces: corroded, swollen, <b>greyish-white coating</b>"),
        B("Burning pain from mouth down to stomach"),
        B("Nausea, retching, vomiting — vomit is greyish, slimy, mucoid with blood"),
        B("Diarrhoea with bloodstained stools + tenesmus"),
        B("Circulatory collapse"),
        P("<b>PHASE 2 (1–3 days after surviving Phase 1):</b>","sub_h"),
        B("<b>Glossitis and ulcerative gingivitis</b> within 24–36 hours"),
        B("Loosening of teeth, necrosis of jaw"),
        B("<b>Renal tubular necrosis</b> — polyuria, albuminuria, cylindruria, uraemia, acidosis"),
        B("Recovery may occur in 10–14 days"),
        B("After many days: <b>membranous colitis</b> — dysentery, ulceration of colonic mucosa, haemorrhage"),
        sp(1),
        P("Chronic Mercury Poisoning","sec_h"),
        B("<b>'Mad Hatter's Disease'</b> — named after hat-makers who used mercury in felt processing"),
        B("Triad: (1) Tremors (2) Gingivitis (3) Erethism (psychological changes: shyness, irritability, memory loss)"),
        B("Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia"),
        B("Restriction of visual fields"),
        B("In children: <b>Acrodynia (Pink disease)</b> — pink discolouration of hands and feet"),
        sp(1),
        P("⭐ Minamata Disease (VERY IMPORTANT!)","sec_h"),
        P("<b>Minamata Disease</b> = a type of ORGANIC MERCURIAL POISONING from eating fish contaminated "
          "with mercury. This occurred as a DISASTER in Japan in 1956 from fish in Minamata Bay. "
          "It caused severe neurological damage — blindness, deafness, paralysis, birth defects.","imp"),
        sp(1),
        P("Normal Mercury Levels (for MCQs)","sec_h"),
    ]
    merc_lvl=[
        ["Parameter","Normal Level","Chronic Exposure Level"],
        ["Blood","< 10 μg/L","Blood > 35 μg/L"],
        ["Urine","< 20 μg/L","Urine > 150 μg/L"],
        ["Urinary excretion (24h)","< 50 μg/L","—"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(merc_lvl,[55*mm,52*mm,68*mm],hbg=C_TEAL,abg=C_L_BLUE),sp(1),
        P("Forensic Test for Mercury","sec_h"),
        B("Introduce a <b>copper wire</b> into the solution + add hydrochloric acid → silver coating of mercury forms on wire!"),
        B("Normal blood mercury level: less than 4 μg/100 mL"),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment — Mercury","sec_h"),
        B("<b>BAL (Dimercaprol)</b> 5 mg/kg IM 4-hourly for 2 days, then tapering"),
        B("<b>DMPS</b> 5 mg/kg IV or oral"),
        B("<b>DMSA</b> 30 mg/kg/day for 5 days then 20 mg/day for 14 days"),
        B("Note: For <b>organic mercurial compounds</b>, chelation is NOT very effective"),
        B("Supportive care: airway, fluids, treat renal failure"),
        P("🌟 Mercury antidotes: <b>BAL → DMPS → DMSA</b>. Same SH-group binders as arsenic!","trick"),
        sp(2),PageBreak()]

    # ─── LEAD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("🔩  PART 3: LEAD — 'Plumbism / Saturnism'","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Lead is the most common chronic metallic poison in the world. It affects children especially "
          "because they put painted toys in their mouths. Chronic lead poisoning = PLUMBISM or SATURNISM. "
          "It is a <b>heavy, steel-grey metal</b>. <b>ALL lead and its salts are poisonous.</b>","body"),sp(1),
        P("Poisonous Compounds","sec_h"),
    ]
    lead_comp=[
        ["Compound","Appearance","Use/Source"],
        ["Lead acetate","White crystals","'Sugar of lead' — sweetish taste"],
        ["Lead carbonate (Safeda)","White crystalline powder","Old white paints"],
        ["Lead chromate","Bright YELLOW powder","Yellow paint pigment"],
        ["Lead monoxide (Litharge)","Pale brick-red/orange","Ceramics, pottery"],
        ["Lead tetroxide (Red lead/Vermilion/Sindoor)","Scarlet crystalline powder","Red paint; sindoor"],
        ["Lead sulphide","Dark","LEAST toxic of all lead salts"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(lead_comp,[45*mm,45*mm,85*mm],hbg=C_STEEL,abg=C_GREY_BG),sp(1),
        B("Lead used in: storage batteries, solders, paints, hair dyes, electric cable, pottery, ceramics, petrol"),
        sp(1),
        P("Mechanism of Action","sec_h"),
        B("Interacts with <b>sulphydryl groups</b> → interferes with enzymes for <b>HAEM SYNTHESIS</b>"),
        B("Blocks enzymes → haemoglobin and cytochrome production fails → anaemia"),
        B("Interferes with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, ATPases"),
        B("Causes <b>haemolysis</b>"),
        B("In children: crosses blood-brain barrier → encephalopathy"),
        P("🌟 Trick: Lead = <b>'Haem Synthesis Blocker'</b> → anaemia + basophilic stippling in RBCs!","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Fatal Dose and Period","sec_h"),
        B("<b>Fatal dose:</b> ~20 g lead acetate; ~40 g lead carbonate"),
        B("<b>Fatal period:</b> 1–2 days"),
        sp(1),
        P("ACUTE Lead Poisoning","sec_h"),
        B("Astringent and metallic taste, dry throat, thirst"),
        B("Burning abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, sometimes diarrhoea"),
        B("Peripheral circulatory collapse"),
        B("Headache, insomnia, paraesthesias, depression, coma, death"),
        B("<b>Cerebellar ataxia</b> common in CHILDREN with acute lead poisoning"),
        sp(1),
        P("CHRONIC Lead Poisoning (Plumbism/Saturnism) — THE EXAM FAVOURITE!","sec_h"),
        P("Sources of exposure:","sub_h"),
        B("Inhalation of lead dust/fumes — makers of white lead, lead paint users"),
        B("Children eating lead paint flakes (MOST COMMON source for children)"),
        B("Water from lead pipes, food from lead-soldered cans"),
        B("Printing workers, plumbers, battery workers"),
        sp(1),
        P("Features of Chronic Lead Poisoning by System:","sub_h"),
    ]
    lead_feat=[
        ["System","Features","Key Exam Points"],
        ["GIT","Colic, constipation, nausea, vomiting,\nloss of appetite","Lead colic = very severe crampy pain"],
        ["Blood","Anaemia (microcytic hypochromic),\nbasophilic stippling of RBCs,\nreticulocytosis","BASOPHILIC STIPPLING = dark blue\npinhead spots in RBC cytoplasm\n= MOST CLASSIC blood finding!"],
        ["Gums","BURTON'S LINE = blue-black line\nalong the gum margin (lead sulphide\ndeposit near teeth)","Only seen if oral bacteria present!\nBIG exam favourite!"],
        ["Nervous system","Peripheral motor neuropathy: wrist drop\n(commonest nerve palsy — radial nerve);\nFoot drop; Lead encephalopathy","WRIST DROP = classic sign of\nchronic lead poisoning!"],
        ["Kidneys","Chronic nephritis, Fanconi syndrome","Lead nephropathy"],
        ["CVS","Hypertension, atherosclerosis","—"],
        ["Reproductive","Miscarriage, sterility, premature birth","—"],
        ["Bones (X-ray)","Lead lines at metaphyses of long bones\n(dense transverse bands)","Radio-opaque lines on X-ray!"],
        ["Children special","Encephalopathy, intellectual\nimpairment, low IQ, seizures","Lead is MUCH more toxic in children"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(lead_feat,[30*mm,70*mm,75*mm],hbg=C_STEEL,abg=C_L_BLUE),sp(1),
        P("⭐ KEY SIGNS to memorise: BURTON'S LINE (gum) + WRIST DROP (radial nerve) + BASOPHILIC STIPPLING (RBC) + LEAD LINES on X-ray","imp"),
        P("🌟 Trick: <b>'Lead causes LINE problems'</b> — Burton's Line in gum, Lead Lines in bones, Mees/Aldrich lines in nails. Everything is LINES!","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Laboratory Diagnosis","sec_h"),
        B("<b>Blood lead level > 20 μg%</b> is diagnostic"),
        B("<b>Urine coproporphyrin III (porphyrinuria)</b> — valuable screening test; >150 μg/litre is diagnostic"),
        B("<b>Basophilic stippling</b> in blood smear — blue pinhead dots in RBCs"),
        B("X-ray: radio-opaque lines at metaphyses of long bones in children"),
        B("Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP)/Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) raised"),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment","sec_h"),
    ]
    lead_tx=[
        ["Severity","Treatment"],
        ["Acute poisoning","Gastric lavage with 1% sodium/magnesium sulphate;\nDemulcents; BAL + CaNa₂EDTA; Penicillamine;\nCalcium chloride 5 mg IV (deposits lead in skeleton);\nDialysis if needed"],
        ["Severe with encephalopathy","BAL 4 mg/kg IM + CaNa₂EDTA 75 mg/kg/day IV\nthen oral chelation"],
        ["Severe without encephalopathy\n(blood lead >70 μg%)","BAL 12 mg/kg/day + EDTA 50 mg/kg/day"],
        ["Moderate (45-75 μg%)","EDTA 50 mg/kg/day; oral chelation when level falls"],
        ["Mild (20–35 μg%)","D-Penicillamine 30 mg/kg/day OR DMSA"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(lead_tx,[55*mm,120*mm],hbg=C_STEEL),sp(1),
        P("Prophylaxis (Prevention) for Factory Workers:","sub_h"),
        B("Proper ventilation in factories"),
        B("Personal hygiene + periodic medical examinations"),
        B("Diet rich in <b>calcium</b> (calcium competes with lead for absorption)"),
        B("Small amount of sulphuric acid in water"),
        B("Weekly saline purgative"),
        sp(2),PageBreak()]

    # ─── COPPER ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("🟤  PART 4: COPPER","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Copper as a PURE METAL is not poisonous. It is the copper COMPOUNDS that are toxic. "
          "Copper is normally present in the body (total body copper = 150 mg). Daily safe intake = 2–3 mg. "
          "Copper compounds are powerful <b>enzyme inhibitors</b>.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Poisonous Compounds","sec_h"),
        B("<b>Copper sulphate (Blue vitriol)</b> — large, BLUE crystals — most common!"),
        B("<b>Copper subacetate (Verdigris)</b> — bluish-green masses or powder"),
        sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms (appear within 15–30 minutes!)","sec_h"),
        B("Metallic taste, excessive salivation, burning pain in stomach, colicky abdominal pain"),
        B("Thirst, nausea, eructations, repeated vomiting"),
        B("<b>Vomit may be BLUE or GREEN</b> — KEY exam point!"),
        B("Diarrhoea — stools liquid and brown, but NOT bloody"),
        B("Oliguria, haematuria, albuminuria, acidosis, uraemia"),
        B("Severe cases: haemolysis, haemoglobinuria, <b>methaemoglobinaemia</b>, jaundice, pancreatitis"),
        B("Cramps of legs, convulsions, paralysis of limbs"),
        B("Drowsiness → insensibility → coma → death from shock"),
        B("Delayed deaths from hepatic or renal failure"),
        sp(1),
        P("⭐ Wilson's Disease (Chronic Copper Toxicity)","sec_h"),
        P("<b>Wilson's Disease</b> = inborn error of copper metabolism — copper accumulates in liver, brain, kidneys. "
          "Key sign: <b>KAYSER-FLEISCHER (KF) ring</b> — brownish-green/golden ring in the cornea of the eye "
          "(due to copper deposits). This is PATHOGNOMONIC (100% specific) for Wilson's disease!","imp"),
        P("🌟 Trick: <b>Copper = Blue/Green vomit</b>. Wilson's disease = <b>KF ring in eye</b> (copper in cornea). Treat Wilson's with D-Penicillamine!","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment","sec_h"),
        B("Stomach wash with 0.1% potassium ferrocyanide"),
        B("Milk and egg whites (precipitate copper)"),
        B("<b>BAL (Dimercaprol)</b> or <b>D-Penicillamine</b>"),
        B("For Wilson's disease: D-Penicillamine + zinc supplements"),
        sp(2)]

    # ─── THALLIUM ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("⚫  PART 5: THALLIUM — 'The Hair Loss Poison'","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Thallium is used in dye and glass industries, and importantly as a <b>rodenticide and insecticide</b>. "
          "It is odourless and tasteless — hard to detect. Its most famous feature is causing "
          "<b>HAIR LOSS (ALOPECIA)</b>.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Key Facts","sec_h"),
    ]
    thal_key=[
        ["Feature","Detail"],
        ["Compounds","Thallium sulphate, Thallium acetate — odourless, tasteless, water-soluble"],
        ["Uses","Dye industry, glass industry, rodenticide, insecticide"],
        ["Fatal Dose","1 g"],
        ["Fatal Period","24–36 hours"],
        ["Symptoms onset","1–12 days after ingestion (even therapeutic doses!)"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(thal_key,[45*mm,130*mm],hbg=C_GREY_D),sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms","sec_h"),
        P("<b>Mild cases:</b>","sub_h"),
        B("Joint pains in legs and feet"),
        B("Loss of appetite, stomatitis, drowsiness"),
        P("<b>Severe cases:</b>","sub_h"),
        B("Colic, vomiting"),
        B("Pain in muscles, joints, nerves"),
        B("Motor and sensory neuropathies, tremors"),
        B("Convulsions, psychosis, optic neuritis, delirium, coma"),
        B("<b>ALOPECIA (hair loss) — after 1–2 weeks.</b> Large tufts come away!"),
        B("<b>Loss of outer one-third of eyebrows</b> — very significant sign!"),
        B("<b>Mees lines on nails</b> (same as arsenic!)"),
        B("Butterfly-pattern maculopapular skin rash on face"),
        B("Cardiac manifestations"),
        B("Death from respiratory failure (paralysis of respiratory muscles)"),
        B("After recovery: peripheral neuritis resembling Guillain-Barré syndrome"),
        B("<b>Death appears NATURAL</b> — this makes thallium a murder weapon!"),
        sp(1),
        P("THALLIUM TRIAD (Chronic Poisoning)","sec_h"),
        P("<b>Thallium Triad = (1) Alopecia + (2) Skin rashes + (3) Painful peripheral neuropathy + mental confusion</b>","imp"),
        P("🌟 Memory Trick: <b>'Thallium = THAL = THREE Hair ALoss'</b> — Alopecia is the HALLMARK. "
          "Also: Mees lines + butterfly rash + loss of outer eyebrow = classic thallium signs!","trick"),
        sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances","sec_h"),
        B("Signs of asphyxia"),
        B("Stomach mucosa inflamed with submucous petechial haemorrhages"),
        B("Alopecia (no hair), stomatitis"),
        B("Fatty heart and liver"),
        B("Renal damage"),
        B("Pulmonary and cerebral oedema"),
        B("<b>Thallium can be detected in the ashes of a BURNT body</b> — important forensic point!"),
        sp(1),
        P("Treatment","sec_h"),
        B("Stomach wash with 1% potassium iodide or Prussian blue"),
        B("<b>Prussian Blue (potassium ferric cyanoferrate): 250 mg/kg/day orally in 2 divided doses</b> — specific antidote!"),
        B("Activated charcoal"),
        B("Haemodialysis with haemoperfusion"),
        B("Forced diuresis"),
        P("🌟 Antidote for Thallium = <b>PRUSSIAN BLUE</b> — easy to remember: Prussian BLUE = for the BLUE-eyed thallium murderer!","trick"),
        sp(2)]

    # ─── MANGANESE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("🟣  PART 6: MANGANESE — The Parkinson's Metal","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Manganese is mainly an occupational hazard. The important compounds are <b>potassium permanganate "
          "(KMnO₄)</b> and manganese dioxide. Manganese poisoning is important for one key reason:","body"),
        P("<b>Inhalation of manganese vapours for a long time → PARKINSONISM-like symptoms</b>","imp"),
        B("Manganism: tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia — looks just like Parkinson's disease"),
        B("Seen in miners and smelters"),
        B("Potassium permanganate used therapeutically as antiseptic (1:5000 solution)"),
        B("KMnO₄ poisoning: burning pain, gastric corrosion, methemoglobinaemia, renal failure"),
        sp(1),
        P("🌟 Trick: <b>Manganese = Parkinson's-like disease from inhalation</b> — 'MAN-ganese makes MANners shake' (tremors)!","trick"),
        sp(2)]

    # ─── IRON ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("🔴  PART 7: IRON POISONING","part_h"),sp(1),
        P("Iron poisoning is most common in <b>CHILDREN</b> who accidentally swallow iron tablets "
          "(maternal iron supplements). It is one of the most common causes of childhood poisoning deaths.","body"),sp(1),
    ]
    iron_stages=[
        ["Stage","Timing","Features"],
        ["Stage I","0–6 hours","GI phase: nausea, vomiting (may be bloody), diarrhoea,\nabdominal pain, haematemesis — from direct GI irritation"],
        ["Stage II","6–12 hours","Latent phase: apparent improvement (deceptive!)"],
        ["Stage III","12–24 hours","Systemic toxicity: shock, acidosis, hepatotoxicity,\ncoma, coagulopathy — iron in blood causing damage"],
        ["Stage IV","2–5 days","Hepatic failure, renal failure, CNS damage"],
        ["Stage V","2–4 weeks","GI scarring and strictures (late complication)"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(iron_stages,[18*mm,25*mm,132*mm],hbg=C_RED,abg=C_L_RED),sp(1),
        P("Treatment of Iron Poisoning","sec_h"),
        B("Gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate (forms insoluble iron carbonate)"),
        B("<b>Deferoxamine (Desferrioxamine)</b> — SPECIFIC ANTIDOTE for iron poisoning!"),
        B("Deferoxamine: 15 mg/kg/hour IV (turns urine orange/vin-rosé colour = sign it is working!)"),
        B("Supportive: fluids, treat shock, dialysis if needed"),
        P("⭐ Iron antidote = <b>DEFEROXAMINE (Desferrioxamine)</b>. Urine turns orange/pink-red = treatment working!","imp"),
        P("🌟 Trick: <b>Iron = DeFEROxamine</b> (FERRO = iron in Latin). Easy!","trick"),
        sp(2),PageBreak()]

    # ─── MASTER COMPARISON TABLE ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("📊 MASTER TABLE — All Metallic Poisons at a Glance (EXAM GOLD!)","ch_h"),sp(1),
    ]
    master=[
        ["Metal","Nickname/Disease","Fatal Dose","Hallmark Signs","PM Findings","Antidote"],
        ["ARSENIC","King of Poisons;\nHomicide metal","~200 mg","Aldrich-Mees lines;\nRaindrop pigmentation;\nSweetish metallic taste",
         "Red velvet stomach;\nSubendocardial petechiae;\nBody preserved","BAL + DMSA/DMPS"],
        ["MERCURY","Quick Silver;\nMinamata disease","Corrosive sublimate:\n~0.2–0.4 g","Mad Hatter triad;\nPhase 1+2 symptoms;\nKidney tubular necrosis",
         "Grey-white coating in mouth;\nGingivitis; Renal tubular necrosis","BAL + DMPS/DMSA"],
        ["LEAD","Plumbism/\nSaturnism","~20 g (acetate)","Burton's line (gum);\nWrist drop;\nBasophilic stippling",
         "Gastric mucosa thickened;\nGrey-white deposit","BAL + CaNa₂EDTA;\nD-Penicillamine"],
        ["COPPER","Blue vitriol;\nWilson's disease","—","Blue/green vomit;\nKayser-Fleischer ring",
         "Hepatic and renal damage","BAL; D-Penicillamine"],
        ["THALLIUM","Hair loss poison;\nRat poison","1 g","Alopecia;\nLoss of outer eyebrows;\nMees lines; Butterfly rash",
         "Asphyxia signs;\nAlopecia;\nFatty heart/liver","Prussian Blue"],
        ["MANGANESE","Parkinson's metal","—","Parkinsonism-like\nsymptoms from inhalation","—","Symptomatic"],
        ["IRON","Children's poison","~200–250 mg/kg","5 stages; Stage 2\n= latent (deceptive!)",
         "GI haemorrhage;\nLiver/renal damage","DEFEROXAMINE"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(master,[22*mm,28*mm,22*mm,43*mm,38*mm,32*mm]),sp(2)]

    # ─── MEMORY TRICKS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[P("🧠 Memory Tricks Summary","ch_h"),sp(1)]
    tricks=[
        ["Trick","What to Remember"],
        ["'King of Poisons'","Arsenic — most important homicidal metallic poison"],
        ["'Arsenic = Sweetish metallic taste'","Unlike other metals which have bitter/acrid taste"],
        ["'Red velvet stomach'","Arsenic PM finding — most classic"],
        ["'Aldrich-Mees lines'","Transverse white nail lines in chronic arsenic (also thallium)"],
        ["'Raindrop pigmentation'","Mottled brown skin pigmentation in chronic arsenic"],
        ["'Quick Silver' + 'Minamata'","Mercury — liquid metal; Japan disaster 1956 from fish"],
        ["'Mad Hatter triad'","Mercury: Tremors + Gingivitis + Erethism (psychological)"],
        ["'Pharaoh's Serpent on Diwali'","Mercury thiocyanate compound"],
        ["'Plumbism/Saturnism'","Chronic lead poisoning"],
        ["'Burton's Line = Blue-black gum line'","Classic sign of chronic lead poisoning"],
        ["'Wrist drop = Lead'","Radial nerve palsy — most common nerve palsy in lead"],
        ["'Basophilic stippling'","Dark blue pinhead dots in RBCs in lead poisoning"],
        ["'Blue/Green vomit = Copper'","Copper sulphate (Blue vitriol) poisoning"],
        ["'KF ring = Wilson's disease'","Kayser-Fleischer ring = copper deposits in cornea"],
        ["'Alopecia = Thallium'","Hair loss + loss of outer eyebrow = classic thallium"],
        ["'Prussian Blue = Thallium antidote'","Specific treatment for thallium"],
        ["'Parkinsonism = Manganese'","Inhalation of manganese → Parkinson's-like symptoms"],
        ["'Deferoxamine = Iron antidote'","FERRO = iron; DEFEROXAMINE — urine turns orange!"],
        ["'Stage 2 of iron = latent phase'","Apparent improvement — do not be fooled!"],
        ["All SH-group binders","Arsenic, Mercury, Lead all block sulphydryl groups — antidotes (BAL/DMSA) also work by SH-binding!"],
    ]
    story+=[tbl(tricks,[65*mm,110*mm],hbg=C_PURPLE,abg=C_L_PURP),sp(2),PageBreak()]

    # ─── 10-MARKER QUESTION ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("✍️  10-MARKER EXAM QUESTION &amp; MODEL ANSWER","q_h"),sp(1),
        P("<b>Q: Describe the signs, symptoms, post-mortem appearances, and treatment of Arsenic poisoning. "
          "How would you differentiate arsenic poisoning from cholera? (10 Marks)</b>","hl"),sp(1),
        P("Introduction — 1 Mark","sub_h"),
        P("Arsenic (As) is a metalloid known as the 'King of Poisons.' The most poisonous compound is "
          "<b>Arsenious oxide (white arsenic / sankhya)</b>. It is tasteless, odourless, and resembles "
          "flour. It blocks sulphydryl groups of mitochondrial enzymes, disrupting cellular respiration "
          "and causing damage to vascular endothelium.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Signs and Symptoms — 3 Marks","sub_h"),
        P("<b>Acute — Fulminant type:</b> Massive dose → death in 1–3 hours from cardiovascular collapse; "
          "GI symptoms absent.<br/>"
          "<b>Acute — Gastroenteric type (most common):</b> Sweetish metallic taste; constriction in "
          "throat; burning GI pain; intense thirst; severe projectile vomiting; purging within 1–3 hours; "
          "dark bloody stools becoming colourless watery (rice-water). Headache, muscle cramps, convulsions, coma.<br/>"
          "<b>Chronic:</b> Aldrich-Mees lines (transverse white nail lines); Raindrop pigmentation of skin; "
          "hyperkeratosis of palms/soles; hair loss; polyneuritis; anaemia; hepatomegaly; leukaemia.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Arsenic vs Cholera — 2 Marks","sub_h"),
        P("In arsenic: throat pain BEFORE vomiting; purging AFTER vomiting; stools dark-bloody then rice-water; "
          "tenesmus PRESENT; vomit has mucus/bile/blood; conjunctivae inflamed.<br/>"
          "In cholera: throat pain AFTER vomiting; purging BEFORE vomiting; rice-water stools from the start "
          "(not bloody); tenesmus ABSENT; vomit watery; voice rough and whistling.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Post-Mortem Appearances — 2 Marks","sub_h"),
        P("Body is well preserved (arsenic prevents putrefaction). "
          "<b>Stomach shows 'red velvet appearance'</b> — mucosa swollen, red, with lines of redness and "
          "haemorrhages, sticky mucus with arsenic particles. "
          "<b>Subendocardial petechial haemorrhages</b> (ventricle) — TYPICAL of arsenic. "
          "Liver, spleen, kidneys congested and enlarged. Fatty deposits in heart and kidneys. "
          "Garlic-like odour from body. Yellow streaks in subperitoneal layer of stomach (putrefied cases).","body"),sp(1),
        P("Treatment — 2 Marks","sub_h"),
        P("Gastric lavage with warm water. <b>BAL (Dimercaprol) 3 mg/kg IM 4-hourly for 2 days</b>, then tapering. "
          "<b>DMSA (Succimer)</b> oral — very effective. <b>DMPS</b> 5 mg/kg IV. "
          "IV fluids, treat shock, treat renal failure if present. "
          "Note: organic arsenic compounds respond poorly to chelation.","body"),sp(2),
        P("✍️  5-MARKER QUESTION &amp; MODEL ANSWER","q_h"),sp(1),
        P("<b>Q: Describe the features and treatment of chronic lead poisoning (Plumbism). (5 Marks)</b>","hl"),sp(1),
        P("Introduction — 0.5 Mark","sub_h"),
        P("Chronic lead poisoning = Plumbism / Saturnism. Lead blocks haem synthesis, inhibits sulphydryl-dependent "
          "enzymes, causes haemolysis. Sources: lead paint, batteries, petrol, solders.","body"),sp(1),
        P("Clinical Features — 2.5 Marks","sub_h"),
        P("<b>GIT:</b> Lead colic (severe crampy pain), constipation, nausea, anorexia.<br/>"
          "<b>Gums:</b> Burton's line — blue-black line along gum margin (lead sulphide deposits).<br/>"
          "<b>Blood:</b> Microcytic anaemia; basophilic stippling in RBCs (dark blue pinhead dots); reticulocytosis; porphyrinuria.<br/>"
          "<b>Nervous system:</b> Wrist drop (radial nerve palsy — most common), foot drop; peripheral motor neuropathy; lead encephalopathy in children (seizures, low IQ).<br/>"
          "<b>Kidneys:</b> Chronic nephritis, Fanconi syndrome.<br/>"
          "<b>X-ray:</b> Dense lead lines at metaphyses of long bones (radio-opaque transverse bands).","body"),sp(1),
        P("Treatment — 2 Marks","sub_h"),
        P("Remove from exposure. With encephalopathy: <b>BAL 4 mg/kg IM + CaNa₂EDTA 75 mg/kg/day IV</b>. "
          "Then oral chelation with D-Penicillamine or DMSA. Moderate: EDTA alone. "
          "Prophylaxis: ventilation, calcium-rich diet, hygiene, periodic medical checks.","body"),sp(2)]

    # ─── LAST NIGHT RECAP ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    story+=[
        P("📌 LAST-NIGHT-BEFORE-EXAM QUICK RECAP","ch_h"),sp(1),
        P("ARSENIC = King of Poisons | SH-group blocker | Sweetish metallic taste\n"
          "Acute: Red velvet stomach + Subendocardial petechiae + Body preserved\n"
          "Chronic: Aldrich-Mees lines + Raindrop pigmentation + Hyperkeratosis\n"
          "Antidote: BAL → DMSA/DMPS","code"),sp(1),
        P("MERCURY = Quick Silver | Liquid metal | SH-group blocker → Kidney tubular damage\n"
          "Phase 1: Metallic taste, GI + circulatory collapse\n"
          "Phase 2: Gingivitis + Renal tubular necrosis + Membranous colitis\n"
          "Chronic: Mad Hatter triad (Tremors + Gingivitis + Erethism)\n"
          "Minamata disease = organic mercury from fish (Japan 1956)\n"
          "Antidote: BAL → DMPS → DMSA","code"),sp(1),
        P("LEAD = Plumbism/Saturnism | Haem synthesis blocker → Anaemia\n"
          "Chronic: Burton's line (gum) + Wrist drop + Basophilic stippling + Lead lines on X-ray\n"
          "Children: encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia\n"
          "Antidote: BAL + CaNa₂EDTA → Penicillamine/DMSA","code"),sp(1),
        P("COPPER = Blue/Green vomit | Wilson's disease = KF ring in eye\n"
          "Antidote: BAL / D-Penicillamine","code"),sp(1),
        P("THALLIUM = Alopecia (hair loss) + Loss of outer eyebrow + Mees lines + Butterfly rash\n"
          "Thallium Triad = Alopecia + Neuropathy + Skin rash | Death appears NATURAL!\n"
          "Antidote: PRUSSIAN BLUE","code"),sp(1),
        P("MANGANESE = Parkinsonism from inhalation\n"
          "IRON = Children; 5 stages; Stage 2 = latent; Antidote = DEFEROXAMINE (urine turns orange!)","code"),
        sp(2),hr(),sp(1),
        P("Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026), "
          "Dr. K.S. Narayan Reddy, Chapter 27: Metallic Poisons","foot"),
        P("Read 3 times. Understand → Memorise → Write from memory. You WILL ace your exams!","foot"),
    ]
    return story

def main():
    styles=mk_styles()
    doc=SimpleDocTemplate(OUTPUT,pagesize=A4,
        leftMargin=18*mm,rightMargin=18*mm,topMargin=20*mm,bottomMargin=20*mm,
        title="Metallic Poisons — FMT Chapter 27",
        author="Narayan Reddy FMT Study Notes")
    doc.build(build(styles))
    print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()