mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/tentorium-pdf && ls /tmp/workspace/

python3 << 'PYEOF' import requests from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image as PILImage # Download images img_urls = { "fig55": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/1634225bfcbbfe68ac0b52df14837ab7833a6395b044cc6efa48330a386713f1.png", "fig56": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/09d25e667f67a8ba1c5dc13f391d8311f06d24f2ccb6a00b4e12e4f404f1d4d8.png", } img_paths = {} for key, url in img_urls.items(): r = requests.get(url, timeout=20) path = f"/tmp/workspace/tentorium-pdf/{key}.png" with open(path, "wb") as f: f.write(r.content) img_paths[key] = path print(f"Downloaded {key}: {len(r.content)} bytes") print("Done downloading images") PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, KeepTogether from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/tentorium-pdf/Tentorium_Cerebelli_5Marks.pdf" PAGE_W, PAGE_H = A4 MARGIN = 2.2 * cm doc = SimpleDocTemplate( OUTPUT, pagesize=A4, leftMargin=MARGIN, rightMargin=MARGIN, topMargin=2.5 * cm, bottomMargin=2.5 * cm, ) # ── Styles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── styles = getSampleStyleSheet() title_style = ParagraphStyle( "Title", parent=styles["Normal"], fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=18, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=0, alignment=TA_CENTER, ) subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle( "Subtitle", parent=styles["Normal"], fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#5a7a9c"), spaceAfter=8, alignment=TA_CENTER, ) heading1 = ParagraphStyle( "Heading1", parent=styles["Normal"], fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=13, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=5, borderPad=4, ) heading2 = ParagraphStyle( "Heading2", parent=styles["Normal"], fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=3, ) body = ParagraphStyle( "Body", parent=styles["Normal"], fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10.5, leading=15, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1e1e1e"), spaceAfter=6, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY, ) bullet_style = ParagraphStyle( "Bullet", parent=body, leftIndent=16, bulletIndent=4, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=3, ) caption_style = ParagraphStyle( "Caption", parent=styles["Normal"], fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=9, textColor=colors.HexColor("#555555"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceBefore=3, spaceAfter=8, ) highlight_box = ParagraphStyle( "HighlightBox", parent=body, backColor=colors.HexColor("#eef4fb"), borderColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), borderWidth=1, borderPad=8, fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10, spaceAfter=8, ) def section_header_table(text, color="#1a3a5c"): """Returns a full-width colored header bar.""" data = [[Paragraph(f"<font color='white'><b>{text}</b></font>", ParagraphStyle( "SH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_LEFT ))]] t = Table(data, colWidths=[PAGE_W - 2 * MARGIN]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0, 0), (-1, -1), colors.HexColor(color)), ("TOPPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6), ("LEFTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10), ])) return t # ── Content ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story = [] # Title block story.append(Paragraph("TENTORIUM CEREBELLI", title_style)) story.append(Paragraph("5-Mark Anatomy Answer | Dural Partitions Series", subtitle_style)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), spaceAfter=14)) # 1. Definition story.append(section_header_table("1. Definition and Nature")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The <b>tentorium cerebelli</b> is a horizontal, tent-shaped projection of the <b>meningeal layer of dura mater</b>. " "It is one of the four dural partitions (along with the falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae) " "that project into the cranial cavity, partially subdividing it.", body )) # 2. Position and Function story.append(section_header_table("2. Position and Function")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The tentorium cerebelli <b>covers the superior surface of the cerebellum</b> in the posterior cranial fossa and " "<b>separates it from the posterior parts of the cerebral hemispheres</b> (occipital and temporal lobes) above.", body )) story.append(Paragraph( "It effectively divides the intracranial cavity into two compartments:", body )) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Supratentorial compartment</b> \u2013 above the tentorium; contains the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon.", bullet_style)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Infratentorial compartment (posterior fossa)</b> \u2013 below the tentorium; contains the brainstem and cerebellum.", bullet_style)) # 3. Attachments story.append(section_header_table("3. Attachments")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) attach_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Border / Region</b>", body), Paragraph("<b>Attached To</b>", body)], [Paragraph("Posterior border", body), Paragraph("Occipital bone along the grooves for the transverse sinuses", body)], [Paragraph("Lateral border", body), Paragraph("Superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone", body)], [Paragraph("Anterior (fixed border)", body), Paragraph("Anterior and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone", body)], [Paragraph("Anterior-medial border (free edge)", body), Paragraph("Forms the <b>tentorial notch (incisura)</b> \u2013 a free oval opening in the midline", body)], [Paragraph("Superiorly (central portion)", body), Paragraph("Blends with the posterior attachment of the falx cerebri", body)], [Paragraph("Inferiorly", body), Paragraph("Attached to the falx cerebelli along the internal occipital crest", body)], ] attach_table = Table(attach_data, colWidths=[5 * cm, PAGE_W - 2 * MARGIN - 5 * cm]) attach_table.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0, 0), (-1, 0), colors.HexColor("#d0e4f5")), ("FONTNAME", (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"), ("GRID", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#aaaaaa")), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0, 1), (-1, -1), [colors.white, colors.HexColor("#f5f9fd")]), ("TOPPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5), ("LEFTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6), ])) story.append(attach_table) # 4. Tentorial Notch story.append(section_header_table("4. Tentorial Notch (Incisura)")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The <b>free anteromedial border</b> of the tentorium cerebelli forms an oval opening called the " "<b>tentorial notch or tentorial incisura</b>. This opening measures approximately " "<b>25\u201340 mm mediolaterally</b> and <b>50\u201370 mm rostrocaudally</b>.", body )) story.append(Paragraph("Structures that traverse the tentorial notch:", heading2)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Midbrain</b> \u2013 passes through the notch, connecting the cerebral hemispheres to the brainstem.", bullet_style)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Oculomotor nerve (CN III)</b> \u2013 exits the midbrain and runs along the free edge of the tentorium.", bullet_style)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)</b> \u2013 wrap around the midbrain through the notch.", bullet_style)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Superior cerebellar vermis</b> \u2013 occupies the posterior part of the notch.", bullet_style)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Basilar artery branches</b> (superior cerebellar arteries).", bullet_style)) # 5. Clinical Significance story.append(section_header_table("5. Clinical Significance", "#8b2020")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The tentorial notch is a key site in <b>transtentorial (uncal) herniation</b>, a life-threatening " "neurosurgical emergency:", body )) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 A <b>supratentorial mass lesion</b> (haematoma, tumour, oedema) can force the medial temporal lobe (uncus) " "downward through the tentorial notch.", bullet_style )) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 Compression of <b>CN III</b> causes ipsilateral <b>fixed dilated pupil</b> (blown pupil).", bullet_style )) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 Compression of the <b>posterior cerebral artery</b> can cause contralateral <b>homonymous hemianopia</b>; " "bilateral compression leads to <b>cortical blindness</b>.", bullet_style )) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 Compression of the <b>midbrain reticular formation</b> leads to <b>loss of consciousness</b> and coma.", bullet_style )) # ── Diagrams ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(Spacer(1, 12)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceAfter=8)) story.append(Paragraph("Diagrams", ParagraphStyle( "DiagHeader", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=14, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=10 ))) avail_w = PAGE_W - 2 * MARGIN img55 = Image("/tmp/workspace/tentorium-pdf/fig55.png", width=avail_w * 0.75, height=avail_w * 0.55) img55.hAlign = "CENTER" story.append(img55) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 1.</b> Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli \u2013 sagittal view showing spatial relationship of dural folds. " "<i>(Source: Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, 3rd ed., Fig. 5.5)</i>", caption_style )) story.append(Spacer(1, 8)) img56 = Image("/tmp/workspace/tentorium-pdf/fig56.png", width=avail_w * 0.85, height=avail_w * 0.62) img56.hAlign = "CENTER" story.append(img56) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 2.</b> Tentorium Cerebelli and Structures Traversing the Tentorial Notch \u2013 " "showing the tentorium, tentorial incisura, CN III, posterior cerebral artery, and midbrain structures. " "<i>(Source: Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, 3rd ed., Fig. 5.6)</i>", caption_style )) # ── Summary box ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(Spacer(1, 4)) summary_data = [[ Paragraph( "<b>Key Points to Remember:</b><br/>" "1. Tentorium cerebelli = dural fold separating cerebellum (posterior fossa) from cerebral hemispheres.<br/>" "2. Attached to: occipital bone (transverse sinus grooves), petrous temporal bone, clinoid processes.<br/>" "3. Free edge = tentorial notch/incisura through which the midbrain passes.<br/>" "4. CN III runs along the free edge \u2192 vulnerable in uncal herniation (fixed dilated pupil).<br/>" "5. PCA compression \u2192 homonymous hemianopia; bilateral \u2192 cortical blindness.", ParagraphStyle("SumBody", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10, leading=14, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c")) ) ]] summary_table = Table(summary_data, colWidths=[avail_w]) summary_table.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0, 0), (-1, -1), colors.HexColor("#eef4fb")), ("BOX", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 1.5, colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a")), ("TOPPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10), ("LEFTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 12), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 12), ])) story.append(summary_table) # footer note story.append(Spacer(1, 10)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=colors.grey, spaceAfter=4)) story.append(Paragraph( "Sources: Gray's Anatomy for Students (Elsevier) | Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, 3rd ed. (Blumenfeld) | " "Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma", ParagraphStyle("Footer", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.grey, alignment=TA_CENTER) )) doc.build(story) print("PDF built successfully:", OUTPUT) PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' import requests imgs = { "ct_lct_dct": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/296617e98af409f96cb62ba5366913cd0185e7cb888ea3b03b407ecfdaed61a8.png", "ct_masson": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/c0972c87abc5d88806b49fec1bbe4c6d0f24497e0fde3bfe1e14428586204dd7.png", "ct_plate61": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/5c77d9aa20cd18164d4503eba10a00ac80f70387f7d2c38e2a8b43b701fbba3e.png", } import os; os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/connective-tissue-pdf", exist_ok=True) for k, url in imgs.items(): r = requests.get(url, timeout=20) p = f"/tmp/workspace/connective-tissue-pdf/{k}.png" with open(p, "wb") as f: f.write(r.content) print(k, len(r.content)) PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/connective-tissue-pdf/Connective_Tissue_5Marks.pdf" PAGE_W, PAGE_H = A4 MARGIN = 2.2 * cm avail_w = PAGE_W - 2 * MARGIN doc = SimpleDocTemplate(OUTPUT, pagesize=A4, leftMargin=MARGIN, rightMargin=MARGIN, topMargin=2.5*cm, bottomMargin=2.5*cm) styles = getSampleStyleSheet() def sty(name, **kw): base = kw.pop("parent", styles["Normal"]) return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=base, **kw) title_s = sty("T", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=18, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4) sub_s = sty("S", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#5a7a9c"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=8) body_s = sty("B", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10.5, leading=15, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1e1e1e"), spaceAfter=6, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY) bullet_s = sty("BU", parent=body_s, leftIndent=16, bulletIndent=4, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=3) caption_s= sty("C", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=9, textColor=colors.HexColor("#555555"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceBefore=3, spaceAfter=8) footer_s = sty("F", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.grey, alignment=TA_CENTER) def hdr(text, color="#1a3a5c"): data = [[Paragraph(f"<font color='white'><b>{text}</b></font>", ParagraphStyle("H", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_LEFT))]] t = Table(data, colWidths=[avail_w]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),colors.HexColor(color)), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10),("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ])) return t def grid_table(rows, col1=5*cm): t = Table(rows, colWidths=[col1, avail_w-col1]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor("#d0e4f5")), ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.HexColor("#aaaaaa")), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,colors.HexColor("#f5f9fd")]), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"TOP"), ])) return t def box(text): data=[[Paragraph(text,ParagraphStyle("BX",fontName="Helvetica",fontSize=10, leading=14,textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c")))]] t=Table(data,colWidths=[avail_w]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),colors.HexColor("#eef4fb")), ("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1),1.5,colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a")), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),12),("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),12), ])) return t # ─────────────────────────── STORY ────────────────────────────────────────── story = [] # Title story.append(Paragraph("CONNECTIVE TISSUE", title_s)) story.append(Paragraph("5-Mark Histology Answer | General Tissue Types Series", sub_s)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), spaceAfter=14)) # 1. Introduction story.append(hdr("1. Introduction / Definition")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph( "Connective tissue is one of the four basic tissue types (along with epithelium, muscle, and nerve). " "Unlike epithelial cells, <b>connective tissue cells are widely separated</b> from one another; the intervening " "spaces are occupied by an <b>extracellular matrix (ECM)</b> produced by the cells themselves. " "The nature and organization of both cells and matrix determine the type and function of the connective tissue.", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Embryonic origin:</b> All connective tissues derive from <b>mesoderm</b> (middle embryonic germ layer). " "Embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) gives rise to all adult connective tissue types.", body_s)) # 2. Classification story.append(hdr("2. Classification of Connective Tissue")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph("Connective tissue is broadly classified as:", body_s)) class_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Category</b>", body_s), Paragraph("<b>Types / Examples</b>", body_s)], [Paragraph("<b>Connective tissue proper</b>", body_s), Paragraph("Loose (areolar) CT, Dense irregular CT, Dense regular CT", body_s)], [Paragraph("<b>Specialized CT</b>", body_s), Paragraph("Bone, Cartilage, Blood, Adipose tissue, Reticular tissue, Mucous CT", body_s)], [Paragraph("<b>Embryonic CT</b>", body_s), Paragraph("Mesenchyme (embryo), Mucous CT / Wharton jelly (umbilical cord)", body_s)], ] story.append(grid_table(class_rows, col1=5*cm)) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) # 3. Cells story.append(hdr("3. Cells of Connective Tissue")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph("Connective tissue contains two broad populations of cells:", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph("<b>A. Fixed (resident) cells:</b>", ParagraphStyle("H2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3))) cell_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Cell</b>", body_s), Paragraph("<b>Function</b>", body_s)], [Paragraph("Fibroblast (most common)", body_s), Paragraph("Synthesizes and maintains ECM components (collagen, elastin, GAGs); the only cell in dense CT.", body_s)], [Paragraph("Adipocyte (fat cell)", body_s), Paragraph("Stores neutral fat (energy reserve); secretes hormones (leptin, adiponectin).", body_s)], [Paragraph("Adult stem cells", body_s), Paragraph("Reside in tissue niches; replenish connective tissue cells.", body_s)], ] story.append(grid_table(cell_rows, col1=5*cm)) story.append(Spacer(1, 4)) story.append(Paragraph("<b>B. Wandering (transient / immigrant) cells:</b>", ParagraphStyle("H2b", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=3))) wand_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Cell</b>", body_s), Paragraph("<b>Function</b>", body_s)], [Paragraph("Macrophage", body_s), Paragraph("Phagocytosis of debris and pathogens; antigen presentation.", body_s)], [Paragraph("Mast cell", body_s), Paragraph("Releases histamine and heparin from basophilic granules; mediates allergic / inflammatory reactions; produces leukotrienes and interleukins.", body_s)], [Paragraph("Plasma cell", body_s), Paragraph("Produces antibodies (immunoglobulins); derived from B lymphocytes.", body_s)], [Paragraph("Lymphocyte", body_s), Paragraph("Adaptive immune responses; present in loose CT especially lamina propria.", body_s)], [Paragraph("Eosinophil", body_s), Paragraph("Defence against parasites; modulates allergic inflammation.", body_s)], [Paragraph("Neutrophil", body_s), Paragraph("First-line defence; migrate into CT during acute infection.", body_s)], ] story.append(grid_table(wand_rows, col1=4.5*cm)) # 4. Extracellular Matrix story.append(hdr("4. Extracellular Matrix (ECM)")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The ECM provides <b>mechanical/structural support</b>, influences cell communication, and forms pathways for " "cell migration. It has two main components:", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Protein Fibers</b> \u2013 collagen fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph(u"\u2022 <b>Ground Substance</b> \u2013 proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), multiadhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin).", bullet_s)) story.append(Spacer(1, 4)) fiber_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Fiber Type</b>", body_s), Paragraph("<b>Composition</b>", body_s), Paragraph("<b>Function</b>", body_s)], [Paragraph("Collagen fibers", body_s), Paragraph("Type I/II/III/IV collagen; 68-nm banding", body_s), Paragraph("High tensile strength; most abundant fiber", body_s)], [Paragraph("Reticular fibers", body_s), Paragraph("Type III collagen (argyrophilic)", body_s), Paragraph("Supporting framework in lymphoid & hemopoietic organs", body_s)], [Paragraph("Elastic fibers", body_s), Paragraph("Cross-linked elastin + fibrillin microfibrils", body_s), Paragraph("Allows stretch and recoil in skin, lungs, blood vessels", body_s)], ] t = Table(fiber_rows, colWidths=[3.8*cm, 5.2*cm, avail_w-9*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor("#d0e4f5")), ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.HexColor("#aaaaaa")), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,colors.HexColor("#f5f9fd")]), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"TOP"), ])) story.append(t) # 5. Types in detail story.append(hdr("5. Types of Connective Tissue Proper")) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(Paragraph("<b>A. Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue</b>", ParagraphStyle("H2c", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3))) story.append(Paragraph( "Characterized by <b>abundant cells of many types</b> and <b>thin, sparse collagen fibers</b> embedded in a " "viscous gel-like ground substance. Ground substance occupies more volume than fibers. " "Located beneath epithelia, around glands, and surrounding small blood vessels. " "Site of <b>inflammatory and immune reactions</b>.", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph("<b>B. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue</b>", ParagraphStyle("H2d", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3))) story.append(Paragraph( "Contains <b>abundant collagen fibers</b> in randomly oriented bundles with <b>few cells</b> (mainly fibroblasts) " "and little ground substance. Resists stresses from multiple directions. " "Examples: deep dermis of skin, organ capsules.", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph("<b>C. Dense Regular Connective Tissue</b>", ParagraphStyle("H2e", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3))) story.append(Paragraph( "Densely packed <b>parallel arrays of collagen fibers</b> with <b>tendinocytes (fibrocytes)</b> aligned between " "bundles. Withstands unidirectional tension. " "Examples: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph("<b>D. Specialized Connective Tissues</b>", ParagraphStyle("H2f", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3))) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Bone</b>: Mineralized matrix (calcium phosphate + collagen); provides rigid support.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Cartilage</b>: Matrix with hyaluronan aggregates binding large amounts of water; resilient support.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Blood</b>: Cells + plasma (liquid ECM); transports O\u2082, nutrients, CO\u2082, metabolites.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Adipose tissue</b>: Adipocytes store lipid; energy homeostasis and hormone secretion.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Reticular tissue</b>: Reticular fibers + reticular cells; framework of lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Mucous CT (Wharton jelly)</b>: Gelatin-like hyaluronan-rich ECM with spindle cells; present in umbilical cord.", bullet_s)) # ── DIAGRAMS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(Spacer(1, 10)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor("#2c5f8a"), spaceAfter=8)) story.append(Paragraph("Histological Diagrams", ParagraphStyle("DH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=14, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=10))) img1 = Image("/tmp/workspace/connective-tissue-pdf/ct_lct_dct.png", width=avail_w * 0.92, height=avail_w * 0.46) img1.hAlign = "CENTER" story.append(img1) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 1.</b> Loose connective tissue (LCT) vs Dense connective tissue (DCT). " "<i>a.</i> Mallory-Azan stained epiglottis section: LCT (many cell nuclei, sparse fibers) underlies epithelium (Ep); " "DCT (intense blue, thick collagen, few nuclei) is seen below. " "<i>b.</i> Dense connective tissue with abundant collagen fibers; fibroblast nuclei (N) and blood vessels (BV) visible. \u00d7540. " "<i>(Source: Histology: A Text and Atlas, Ross & Pawlina, 9th ed., Fig. 4.2)</i>", caption_s)) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) img2 = Image("/tmp/workspace/connective-tissue-pdf/ct_masson.png", width=avail_w * 0.60, height=avail_w * 0.60) img2.hAlign = "CENTER" story.append(img2) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 2.</b> Loose and dense irregular connective tissue in the mammary gland (Masson trichrome, \u00d7100). " "Central glandular epithelium is surrounded by loose CT (many cell nuclei, wispy fibers); " "dense irregular CT (thick collagen bundles, few nuclei) occupies the periphery. " "<i>(Source: Histology: A Text and Atlas, Ross & Pawlina, 9th ed., Fig. 6.3)</i>", caption_s)) story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) img3 = Image("/tmp/workspace/connective-tissue-pdf/ct_plate61.png", width=avail_w * 0.70, height=avail_w * 0.30) img3.hAlign = "CENTER" story.append(img3) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 3.</b> Plate 6.1 \u2013 Loose and Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (H&E, mammary gland, human, \u00d7175). " "Loose CT (LCT) surrounds glandular epithelium (GE); Dense irregular CT (DICT) shows thick collagen bundles with few nuclei. " "<i>(Source: Histology: A Text and Atlas, Ross & Pawlina, 9th ed., Plate 6.1)</i>", caption_s)) # Summary box story.append(Spacer(1, 6)) story.append(box( "<b>Key Points to Remember (5-Mark Answer):</b><br/>" "1. Connective tissue = ECM-dominated tissue derived from mesoderm (mesenchyme).<br/>" "2. Types: Loose CT (many cells, sparse fibers) | Dense irregular CT (thick random collagen, few cells) | Dense regular CT (parallel collagen \u2192 tendons/ligaments).<br/>" "3. Specialized: Bone (mineralized), Cartilage (hydrated GAGs), Blood (liquid ECM), Adipose, Reticular, Mucous (Wharton jelly).<br/>" "4. Cells: Fibroblast (ECM synthesis) | Macrophage (phagocytosis) | Mast cell (histamine, heparin) | Plasma cell (antibodies).<br/>" "5. ECM: Collagen fibers (tensile strength) + Reticular fibers (framework) + Elastic fibers (stretch) + Ground substance (GAGs/proteoglycans)." )) story.append(Spacer(1, 10)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=colors.grey, spaceAfter=4)) story.append(Paragraph( "Sources: Histology: A Text and Atlas with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology (Ross & Pawlina, 9th ed.) | " "Junqueira's Basic Histology, 17th ed.", footer_s)) doc.build(story) print("PDF built:", OUTPUT) PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' import requests, os os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf", exist_ok=True) imgs = { "larynx_overview": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/439d7b432d8c5a1e318f166541a0b8069a7052737cfef721299bfcf2acb21cbb.png", "larynx_anatomy": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/dadfb21cb6949f610180f31a166ea40495f234596ff753ea50912732f427090b.png", "larynx_muscles": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/3c56e250cceac8788f85764f980c1d6f987584c5fdafe524a905122bfcd972c6.png", "larynx_cricoid": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/b9e263da6d29714b524cf9ad05037a2896a99821203e71de9e57568174f9b3b8.png", "larynx_thyroid": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/f8ca83a01dda21f452812bfd2994ec2c7129c5c274fe8a5aae65ab723c144ec0.png", } for k, url in imgs.items(): r = requests.get(url, timeout=20) path = f"/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/{k}.png" with open(path, "wb") as f: f.write(r.content) print(k, len(r.content)) print("Done") PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, PageBreak) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/Larynx_10Marks.pdf" PAGE_W, PAGE_H = A4 MARGIN = 2.0 * cm avail_w = PAGE_W - 2 * MARGIN doc = SimpleDocTemplate(OUTPUT, pagesize=A4, leftMargin=MARGIN, rightMargin=MARGIN, topMargin=2.4*cm, bottomMargin=2.4*cm) styles = getSampleStyleSheet() def sty(name, **kw): return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=kw.pop("parent", styles["Normal"]), **kw) title_s = sty("TT", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=22, textColor=colors.HexColor("#0d2b4e"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4) sub_s = sty("SS", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#4a6fa5"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=6) body_s = sty("BB", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10.5, leading=15, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1e1e1e"), spaceAfter=5, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY) bullet_s = sty("BUL", parent=body_s, leftIndent=18, bulletIndent=4, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=3) caption_s = sty("CAP", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8.5, textColor=colors.HexColor("#555"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceBefore=3, spaceAfter=10) footer_s = sty("FT", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.grey, alignment=TA_CENTER) h2_s = sty("H2S", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a5276"), spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=3) def hdr(text, color="#0d2b4e"): p = ParagraphStyle("HH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12.5, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_LEFT) t = Table([[Paragraph(text, p)]], colWidths=[avail_w]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),colors.HexColor(color)), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),7),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),7), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10),("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ])) return t def gtable(rows, widths): t = Table(rows, colWidths=widths) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor("#cce0f5")), ("FONTNAME",(0,0),(-1,0),"Helvetica-Bold"), ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.HexColor("#aaaaaa")), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,colors.HexColor("#f0f7ff")]), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"TOP"), ])) return t def box(text, bg="#eaf2fb", border="#1a5276"): p = ParagraphStyle("BX", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10, leading=14, textColor=colors.HexColor("#0d2b4e")) t = Table([[Paragraph(text, p)]], colWidths=[avail_w]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),colors.HexColor(bg)), ("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1),1.5,colors.HexColor(border)), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),12),("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),12), ])) return t def img(path, w_frac, h_frac): i = Image(path, width=avail_w*w_frac, height=avail_w*h_frac) i.hAlign = "CENTER" return i # ═══════════════════════ STORY ═══════════════════════════════════════════ story = [] # ── Title ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(Paragraph("LARYNX", title_s)) story.append(Paragraph("10-Mark Anatomy Answer | Head & Neck Series", sub_s)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2.5, color=colors.HexColor("#0d2b4e"), spaceAfter=10)) # ── 1. Introduction ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("1. Introduction and Location")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The <b>larynx</b> is a hollow musculoligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework that caps the " "lower respiratory tract. It lies in the <b>anterior midline of the neck</b>, continuous below with the " "trachea and opening above into the <b>laryngopharynx</b> (at the level of C3-C6 vertebrae in adults). " "It is suspended from the hyoid bone above and attached to the trachea below by membranes and ligaments, " "making it highly mobile during swallowing.", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Primary function:</b> Protection of the tracheobronchial airway during swallowing. " "Phonation (voice production) is a secondary, evolutionarily derived function.", body_s)) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(img("/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/larynx_overview.png", 0.96, 0.52)) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 1.</b> Larynx: (A) Relationship to nasal cavities, pharynx, oral cavity, trachea and oesophagus; " "(B) Lateral view showing hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and trachea. " "<i>(Source: Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed., Fig. 8.212)</i>", caption_s)) # ── 2. Cartilages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("2. Cartilaginous Framework")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The laryngeal skeleton consists of <b>3 unpaired</b> and <b>3 paired</b> cartilages:", body_s)) cart_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Cartilage</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Type</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Key Features</b>",body_s)], [Paragraph("Cricoid (unpaired)",body_s), Paragraph("Hyaline",body_s), Paragraph("Only complete ring in the airway. Signet-ring shaped: broad posterior lamina + narrow anterior arch. " "Articulates with arytenoids (superolateral) and inferior horns of thyroid (lateral).",body_s)], [Paragraph("Thyroid (unpaired)",body_s), Paragraph("Hyaline",body_s), Paragraph("Largest. Two laminae meeting at 90\u00b0 (men) / 120\u00b0 (women). " "Forms laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple). Superior + inferior horns. " "Oblique line on lateral surface (attachment of sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, inferior constrictor).",body_s)], [Paragraph("Epiglottis (unpaired)",body_s), Paragraph("Elastic",body_s), Paragraph("Leaf-shaped. Attached via thyroepiglottic ligament to thyroid cartilage. " "Projects posterosuperiorly. Covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Arytenoid (paired)",body_s), Paragraph("Hyaline",body_s), Paragraph("Pyramidal. Vocal process (anterior) \u2192 vocal ligament attachment. " "Muscular process (posterior/lateral) \u2192 intrinsic muscle attachment. " "Movement opens/closes rima glottidis.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Corniculate (paired)",body_s), Paragraph("Elastic",body_s), Paragraph("Small conical cartilages on apex of arytenoids; in aryepiglottic folds.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Cuneiform (paired)",body_s), Paragraph("Elastic",body_s), Paragraph("Small wedge-shaped; in aryepiglottic folds, anterior to corniculates.",body_s)], ] story.append(gtable(cart_rows, [3.5*cm, 2.2*cm, avail_w-5.7*cm])) story.append(Spacer(1,8)) # side-by-side cricoid + thyroid c1 = img("/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/larynx_cricoid.png", 0.47, 0.30) c2 = img("/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/larynx_thyroid.png", 0.47, 0.30) pair_t = Table([[c1, c2]], colWidths=[avail_w*0.5, avail_w*0.5]) pair_t.setStyle(TableStyle([("ALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"CENTER"),("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE")])) story.append(pair_t) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 2a (left).</b> Cricoid cartilage \u2013 anterolateral and posterior views showing lamina, arch, and articular facets. " "<b>Figure 2b (right).</b> Thyroid cartilage \u2013 anterolateral and superior views showing laminae, horns, and oblique line. " "<i>(Source: Gray's Anatomy for Students, Figs. 8.213 & 8.214)</i>", caption_s)) # ── 3. Cavity / Divisions ───────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("3. Laryngeal Cavity and Divisions")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The laryngeal cavity extends from the <b>laryngeal inlet (aditus)</b> above to the lower border of the " "cricoid cartilage below, and is divided into three compartments:", body_s)) div_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Region</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Boundaries</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Contents / Notes</b>",body_s)], [Paragraph("Supraglottis",body_s), Paragraph("Laryngeal inlet \u2192 upper surface of vestibular folds (false cords)",body_s), Paragraph("Contains epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids, false (vestibular) folds; rich lymphatic drainage.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Glottis",body_s), Paragraph("Includes true vocal folds and rima glottidis",body_s), Paragraph("True vocal folds (white, composed of vocalis muscle + vocal ligament + mucosa); " "Rima glottidis = opening between the two folds + posterior inter-arytenoid space.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Subglottis",body_s), Paragraph("Below true vocal folds \u2192 lower border of cricoid cartilage",body_s), Paragraph("Narrowest part of airway in children (cricoid = complete ring). " "Most common site of endotracheal tube injury.",body_s)], ] story.append(gtable(div_rows, [2.8*cm, 4.5*cm, avail_w-7.3*cm])) story.append(Spacer(1,8)) story.append(img("/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/larynx_anatomy.png", 0.82, 1.30)) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 3.</b> Anatomy of the larynx showing cartilaginous framework (anterior, lateral, posterior views) " "and sagittal section demonstrating supraglottis, glottis and subglottis with labelled structures including " "epiglottis, ventricular fold (false cord), laryngeal ventricle, vocal fold (true cord) and cricothyroid space. " "<i>(Source: Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 28th ed., Fig. 52.6)</i>", caption_s)) # ── 4. Fibro-elastic Membrane ───────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("4. Fibro-elastic Membrane of the Larynx")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(Paragraph( "The fibro-elastic membrane links laryngeal cartilages and completes the architectural framework. It has two parts:", body_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Conus elasticus (cricovocal membrane)</b>: Attached to arch of cricoid cartilage; extends superiorly. " u"Its thickened free upper margin = <b>vocal ligament</b> (underlies true vocal cord). " u"Midline thickening = <b>median cricothyroid ligament</b> (site of emergency cricothyrotomy).", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Quadrangular membrane</b>: Between lateral margin of epiglottis and anterolateral arytenoid. " u"Free upper margin = <b>aryepiglottic fold</b>. " u"Free lower margin = <b>vestibular (false vocal) ligament</b>.", bullet_s)) story.append(Paragraph( u"\u2022 <b>Laryngeal ventricle (sinus)</b>: Recess between vestibular and vocal folds on each side.", bullet_s)) # ── 5. Intrinsic Muscles ────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("5. Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(Paragraph( "All intrinsic muscles <b>except cricothyroid</b> are supplied by the <b>recurrent laryngeal nerve</b>. " "Cricothyroid is supplied by the <b>external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve</b>.", body_s)) mus_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Muscle</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Origin \u2192 Insertion</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Action</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Nerve</b>",body_s)], [Paragraph("Cricothyroid",body_s), Paragraph("Arch of cricoid \u2192 inferior horn & lower lamina of thyroid",body_s), Paragraph("Lengthens/tenses vocal folds (raises pitch)",body_s), Paragraph("Ext. branch SLN",body_s)], [Paragraph("Posterior crico-arytenoid (PCA)",body_s), Paragraph("Post. surface of cricoid lamina \u2192 muscular process of arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("<b>SOLE ABDUCTOR</b> of vocal folds (opens rima glottidis); essential for breathing",body_s), Paragraph("RLN",body_s)], [Paragraph("Lateral crico-arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("Upper surface of cricoid arch \u2192 muscular process of arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("Adducts vocal folds (closes rima glottidis)",body_s), Paragraph("RLN",body_s)], [Paragraph("Transverse arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("Spans between lateral margins of both arytenoids",body_s), Paragraph("Adducts arytenoids (closes posterior glottis)",body_s), Paragraph("RLN",body_s)], [Paragraph("Oblique arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("Muscular process one arytenoid \u2192 apex of opposite arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("Narrows laryngeal inlet; some fibres continue as aryepiglottic muscle",body_s), Paragraph("RLN",body_s)], [Paragraph("Thyro-arytenoid (Vocalis)",body_s), Paragraph("Inner surface of thyroid cartilage \u2192 muscular process of arytenoid",body_s), Paragraph("Relaxes/shortens vocal folds; medial fibres (vocalis) fine-tune vocal fold tension",body_s), Paragraph("RLN",body_s)], [Paragraph("Thyro-epiglottic",body_s), Paragraph("Inner thyroid lamina \u2192 lateral epiglottis margin",body_s), Paragraph("Widens laryngeal inlet; depress epiglottis",body_s), Paragraph("RLN",body_s)], ] story.append(gtable(mus_rows, [3.2*cm, 4.2*cm, 4.5*cm, 2.3*cm])) story.append(Spacer(1,8)) story.append(img("/tmp/workspace/larynx-pdf/larynx_muscles.png", 0.94, 0.50)) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Figure 4.</b> Intrinsic muscles of the larynx. Left: cricothyroid muscle (straight and oblique parts), lateral view. " "Right: posterior view showing posterior crico-arytenoid, lateral crico-arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, " "and vocalis muscles, with rima glottidis and vocal ligaments labelled. " "<i>(Source: Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed., Figs. 8.225 & 8.226)</i>", caption_s)) # ── 6. Nerve Supply ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("6. Nerve Supply", color="#1a4a7a")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) story.append(Paragraph( "All laryngeal nerves are branches of the <b>vagus nerve (CN X)</b>:", body_s)) nerve_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Nerve</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Distribution</b>",body_s)], [Paragraph("Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) \u2013 Internal branch",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Sensory</b>: laryngeal mucosa above the vocal folds (supraglottis); also epiglottis and valleculae.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) \u2013 External branch",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Motor</b>: cricothyroid muscle only.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Motor</b>: ALL intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid.<br/>" "<b>Sensory</b>: mucosa below the vocal folds (subglottis and trachea).<br/>" "Right RLN loops around right subclavian artery; Left RLN loops around arch of aorta.",body_s)], ] story.append(gtable(nerve_rows, [5*cm, avail_w-5*cm])) # ── 7. Blood Supply ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("7. Blood Supply and Lymphatics", color="#1a4a7a")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) bs_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Vessel / Region</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Details</b>",body_s)], [Paragraph("Superior laryngeal artery",body_s), Paragraph("Branch of superior thyroid artery (from external carotid artery). " "Supplies supraglottic larynx. Pierces thyrohyoid membrane with internal branch of SLN.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Inferior laryngeal artery",body_s), Paragraph("Branch of inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian). " "Supplies subglottis and trachea. Accompanies the RLN.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Lymphatics \u2013 Supraglottis",body_s), Paragraph("Rich lymphatic network. Drains to upper deep cervical nodes via thyrohyoid membrane. " "Hence supraglottic cancers present with early nodal metastases.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Lymphatics \u2013 Glottis",body_s), Paragraph("Almost avascular lymphatic supply. Glottic cancers present late without nodal spread.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Lymphatics \u2013 Subglottis",body_s), Paragraph("Drains to paratracheal and lower deep cervical nodes.",body_s)], ] story.append(gtable(bs_rows, [4.5*cm, avail_w-4.5*cm])) # ── 8. Functions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("8. Functions of the Larynx", color="#1a4a7a")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) funcs = [ ("<b>Protection of the lower respiratory tract</b>", "Three sphincters act sequentially: (1) aryepiglottic folds/epiglottis at laryngeal inlet, " "(2) vestibular (false) folds, (3) true vocal folds. Cough reflex clears aspirated material."), ("<b>Phonation (voice production)</b>", "Exhaled air causes vibration of apposed vocal folds. Rising subglottic pressure forces the folds apart, " "creating a sinusoidal wave. Pitch is controlled by tension (cricothyroid) and length of vocal folds. " "Articulated by oral structures to produce speech."), ("<b>Respiration</b>", "PCA abducts folds during inspiration, widening the rima glottidis for airflow."), ("<b>Deglutition (swallowing)</b>", "Larynx elevates and moves anteriorly; epiglottis tilts over the aditus; all three sphincters close."), ("<b>Fixation of thorax / Valsalva</b>", "Closed glottis + tensed abdominal muscles = increased intra-abdominal/intrathoracic pressure " "for defaecation, micturition, parturition, and heavy lifting."), ] for title, desc in funcs: story.append(Paragraph(f"{title}: {desc}", bullet_s)) # ── 9. Clinical Significance ────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(hdr("9. Clinical Significance", color="#7b1515")) story.append(Spacer(1,6)) clin_rows = [ [Paragraph("<b>Condition</b>",body_s), Paragraph("<b>Anatomy Basis / Notes</b>",body_s)], [Paragraph("RLN palsy",body_s), Paragraph("Unilateral: hoarseness (adductor muscles paralysed). " "Bilateral: respiratory distress (PCA paralysed - folds adducted). " "Left RLN at greater risk (longer course, passes under aortic arch).",body_s)], [Paragraph("Cricothyrotomy",body_s), Paragraph("Emergency airway: incision through the median cricothyroid ligament (conus elasticus). " "Avascular midline structure; rapidly accessible.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Subglottic stenosis",body_s), Paragraph("Cricoid = only complete ring \u2192 narrowest airway in children. " "Prolonged intubation injures the subglottic mucosa, causing scarring.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Laryngeal carcinoma",body_s), Paragraph("Glottic (most common, presents early with hoarseness, good prognosis due to poor lymphatics). " "Supraglottic (early cervical nodal spread due to rich lymphatics). " "Subglottic (rare, paratracheal node spread).",body_s)], [Paragraph("Laryngomalacia",body_s), Paragraph("Most common cause of stridor in infants. Immature aryepiglottic folds collapse during inspiration.",body_s)], [Paragraph("Foreign body aspiration",body_s), Paragraph("Stimulates cough reflex via internal SLN (sensory above cords). " "Children: narrow subglottis is the common site of lodgement.",body_s)], ] story.append(gtable(clin_rows, [4.2*cm, avail_w-4.2*cm])) # ── 10. Summary / Key Points ───────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(Spacer(1,8)) story.append(box( "<b>Key Points Summary (10-Mark Answer):</b><br/>" "1. Larynx (C3\u2013C6): musculoligamentous structure; primary function = airway protection; secondary = phonation.<br/>" "2. Cartilages: 3 unpaired (thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis) + 3 paired (arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform); cricoid = only complete ring.<br/>" "3. Cavity: Supraglottis (false cords) | Glottis (true vocal folds, rima glottidis) | Subglottis (narrowest in children).<br/>" "4. Fibro-elastic membrane: Conus elasticus (vocal ligament + median cricothyroid ligament) + Quadrangular membrane (aryepiglottic/vestibular folds).<br/>" "5. Muscles: Cricothyroid (ext. SLN) tenses cords. PCA = SOLE ABDUCTOR. All others adduct/close (RLN innervated).<br/>" "6. Nerve supply: SLN internal (sensory above cords) | SLN external (motor to cricothyroid) | RLN (all other muscles + sensory below cords).<br/>" "7. Blood supply: Superior laryngeal a. (sup. thyroid a.) | Inferior laryngeal a. (inf. thyroid a.).<br/>" "8. Lymphatics: Supraglottis rich (early nodal spread) | Glottis sparse (late spread) | Subglottis \u2192 paratracheal nodes.<br/>" "9. Cricothyrotomy: Emergency airway through median cricothyroid ligament.<br/>" "10. RLN palsy: Unilateral = hoarseness; Bilateral = stridor/respiratory distress (PCA paralysed)." )) # Footer story.append(Spacer(1,10)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=colors.grey, spaceAfter=4)) story.append(Paragraph( "Sources: Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed. (Elsevier) | Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 28th ed. | " "Miller's Anesthesia, 10th ed. | Cummings Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, 7th ed.", footer_s)) doc.build(story) print("PDF built:", OUTPUT) PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' import requests, os os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/thyroid-pdf", exist_ok=True) imgs = { "thyroid_overview": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/2ec58523e023bd33efeb9ba12b34b76158eb9fa16b3ce47605088bd30921c13e.png", "thyroid_vasculature": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/19be9b2bd67c8c5988f6b6824b31cf9145e5beaa01c0bb55873c22d25abeb182.png", "thyroid_junq": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/10b4dd4f80ff514866a70119561ced67cbbafe062424e09a90b34a840665c3c0.png", "thyroid_histo": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/2fb6e4f63998fbbbb982c4887d732b2db9ac3d4d35c7cc9d74cc61710f1ded02.png", "thyroid_posterior": "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/8112f3e87edcb29f118fef612e489630e3c8386c93dcbfd8d7be79250ab9c8a0.png", } for k, url in imgs.items(): r = requests.get(url, timeout=20) path = f"/tmp/workspace/thyroid-pdf/{k}.png" with open(path, "wb") as f: f.write(r.content) print(k, len(r.content)) print("Done") PYEOF

python3 -c " from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY print('reportlab ok') "

~/thyroid-pdf/build_pdf.py

python3 /tmp/workspace/thyroid-pdf/build_pdf.py