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Cardiac System Nursing Notes

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Here's what the note covers across 8 sections:
SectionContents
1. AnatomyHeart wall layers, 4 chambers, 4 valves, coronary arteries, heart sounds (S1–S4)
2. Physiology & Blood FlowPulmonary vs. systemic circulation, haemodynamic parameters (CO, SV, EF, preload, afterload), Frank-Starling law
3. Cardiac Cycle7 phases from isovolumetric contraction to atrial kick, valve states, pressures, atrial fibrillation impact
4. Conduction SystemSA → AV → Bundle of His → Purkinje pathway, intrinsic rates, ventricular action potential phases (0–4) with ion movements
5. ECG BasicsNormal waveform values (P, PR, QRS, ST, T, QT), 12 common rhythms with ECG features and nursing actions
6. Cardiac DiseasesMI (STEMI vs. NSTEMI, MONA-B), Heart Failure (LHF vs. RHF, NYHA), HTN staging, Angina, AF, Cardiogenic Shock, Arrest, Endocarditis
7. PharmacologyBeta-blockers, ACEi, ARBs, Diuretics, CCBs, Nitrates, Antiplatelets/Anticoagulants, Digoxin, Antiarrhythmics (Vaughan Williams Classes I–IV + Adenosine)
8. Nursing AssessmentsIPPA cardiovascular assessment, critical observations with action thresholds, 4Hs & 4Ts, discharge education, murmur guide
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