Give medical images for the topic dermoid cyst, molar and tubal pregnancy

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Here is a comprehensive medical image gallery for all three topics, sourced from authoritative textbooks.

Dermoid Cyst

Image 1 - Laparoscopic Appearance (Ovarian Dermoid Cyst)

Fig. 1 Laparoscopic appearance of a benign ovarian dermoid cyst. Note the characteristic pearly-white, smooth-walled cystic structure adjacent to ovarian tissue. The dermoid (below) contrasts clearly with the normal ovarian tissue (above). Source: Berek & Novak's Gynecology, Fig. 10-11

Image 2 - MRI of Dermoid Cyst (T1-weighted, Axial)

MRI T1-weighted axial image showing left adnexal dermoid cyst with asterisk marker, bladder labeled B and uterus labeled U

Fig. 2 MRI T1-weighted axial image of a dermoid cyst. The left adnexal mass (asterisk) shows areas of high signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging due to fatty content. B = Bladder; U = Uterus. On fat-suppression sequences, the high signal from the fat component is suppressed, confirming the diagnosis. Source: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, Fig. 35.39A

Image 3 - Ultrasound of Dermoid Cyst (Torted)

Ultrasound showing transverse and longitudinal views of torted ovarian dermoid with echogenic central stroma marked by asterisk and peripheral follicles with arrow, plus absent vascularity on Doppler

Fig. 3 Ultrasound of a torted ovarian dermoid. (A) Transverse and longitudinal transabdominal US images demonstrate the echogenic central ovarian stroma (asterisk) and peripherally displaced follicles (arrow). (B) Colour Doppler shows absent vascularity - a feature of torsion. Source: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, Fig. 35.40

Image 4 - MRI Torsion of Ovarian Dermoid (T2W + Contrast)

Three-panel axial MRI (T2W and pre/post-contrast) showing enlarged right ovary with increased T2 signal in stroma and peripherally displaced follicles, with no enhancement post-contrast indicating torsion

Fig. 4 MRI of torsion of an ovarian dermoid. (A) Axial T2-weighted MRI shows enlarged right ovary with increased T2 signal in the stroma (asterisk) and peripheral follicles displaced to the rim (arrows). (B) Pre-contrast and (C) post-contrast MRI demonstrate no enhancement within the torted dermoid (asterisk), confirming compromised vascular supply. Source: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, Fig. 35.41

Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform Mole)

Image 5 - Pathogenesis Diagram: Complete vs Partial Mole

Diagram showing origin of complete mole (A: monospermic 46XX; B: dispermic 46XX or 46XY) and partial mole (C: dispermic triploid 69XXX/XXY/XYY)

Fig. 5 Origin of complete and partial hydatidiform moles.

(A) Complete mole (monospermic): a single sperm fertilizes an empty ovum, then undergoes chromosome duplication → 46XX karyotype.
(B) Complete mole (dispermic): two sperm fertilize an empty ovum → 46XX or 46XY karyotype.
(C) Partial mole: two sperm fertilize a normal ovum → triploid karyotype (69XXX, 69XXY, or 69XYY). Source: Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease, Fig. 22.53

Image 6 - Gross and Histology of Complete Hydatidiform Mole

Two-panel image: left panel shows gross specimen of complete mole with distended uterus filled with vesicular grape-like villi; right panel shows histology with enlarged edematous villi, cisternae, and circumferential trophoblast proliferation

Fig. 6 Complete hydatidiform mole.

(A) Gross specimen: the uterus is markedly distended by enlarged, vesicular, grape-like chorionic villi filling the endometrial cavity. The adnexa (ovaries and fallopian tubes) are visible on both sides.
(B) Histology (H&E): marked villous enlargement, stromal edema with central cisternae, and circumferential trophoblast proliferation involving both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Source: Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease, Fig. 22.54

Image 7 - Histology of Partial Hydatidiform Mole

Histology showing partial mole with a subset of enlarged villi with irregular/scalloped outlines, syncytiotrophoblast inclusions, and focal hyperplasia

Fig. 7 Partial hydatidiform mole (H&E histology). Only a fraction of villi are enlarged with irregular, scalloped outlines (unlike the smooth round outline of complete moles). Syncytiotrophoblastic inclusions and focal trophoblastic hyperplasia are present. This partial mole was confirmed triploid. Source: Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease, Fig. 22.55

Image 8 - Histology Partial Mole (Berek & Novak)

Photomicrograph showing marked disparity in villous sizes, trophoblastic inclusions at center, and mild trophoblastic hyperplasia in a partial mole

Fig. 8 Photomicrograph of a partial mole showing marked disparity in villous size, trophoblastic inclusions (center), and mild trophoblastic hyperplasia. The mixture of normal and abnormal-sized villi is a key distinguishing feature from complete mole. Source: Berek & Novak's Gynecology, Fig. 41-3

Tubal (Ectopic) Pregnancy

Image 9 - Gross Pathology: Ruptured Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

Gross pathology specimen showing the fallopian tube that has dilated and ruptured due to intratubal implantation, with blood clot and placental tissue

Fig. 9 Ectopic tubal pregnancy - gross pathology. The fallopian tube (left) is distended and has ruptured due to intratubal implantation of the embryo. On the right are the associated blood clot and products of conception expelled at rupture. Tubal rupture causes massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage and is a surgical emergency. Source: Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease, Fig. 22.46

Image 10 - MRI of Ectopic Pregnancy (Coronal T2W)

T2-weighted coronal MRI showing heterogeneous left adnexal mass with low T2 signal serpiginous structures (flow voids) in keeping with an ectopic pregnancy

Fig. 10 Ectopic pregnancy on MRI. T2-weighted coronal MRI demonstrates a heterogeneous left adnexal mass with low T2 signal serpiginous structures (white arrow) consistent with flow voids in large vessels of the ectopic gestation. MRI is useful in diagnostically challenging cases where the beta-hCG is not elevated or when other pelvic masses must be excluded. Source: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, Fig. 35.51

Key Teaching Points

Feature	Dermoid Cyst	Molar Pregnancy	Tubal Pregnancy
Nature	Mature cystic teratoma (germ cell)	Gestational trophoblastic disease	Ectopic implantation in fallopian tube
Imaging modality	US (echogenic nodule/Rokitansky nodule), MRI (T1 bright fat)	Ultrasound (snowstorm pattern), hCG markedly elevated	Transvaginal US (adnexal mass, tubal ring), MRI
Key histology	Stratified squamous epithelium + skin appendages (hair, sebaceous glands)	Hydropic villi + trophoblastic hyperplasia	Chorionic villi within fallopian tube wall
Clinical risk	Torsion, rupture	Invasive mole (15%), choriocarcinoma (2.5%)	Rupture → hemorrhagic shock, death

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