Muscles origin and insertion
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I have enough information from the textbook data. Here is the complete quick-reference table for upper limb muscles:
Upper Limb Muscles - Origin & Insertion Quick Reference
Source: Imaging Anatomy: Bones, Joints, Vessels and Nerves
ðĶī Shoulder / Scapulohumeral Muscles
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deltoid | Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula (lower lip) | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus | Axillary nerve (C5, C6) |
| Supraspinatus | Supraspinous fossa of scapula | Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet) | Suprascapular nerve |
| Infraspinatus | Infraspinous fossa of scapula | Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet) | Suprascapular nerve |
| Teres Minor | Lateral border of scapula (upper 2/3) | Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet) | Axillary nerve |
| Teres Major | Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula | Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus | Lower subscapular nerve |
| Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa | Lesser tubercle of humerus | Upper & lower subscapular nerves |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Spines T7-sacrum, posterior iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs | Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus | Thoracodorsal nerve |
| Pectoralis Major | Clavicle (medial half), sternum, costal cartilages 1-6 | Lateral lip of intertubercular groove | Medial & lateral pectoral nerves |
| Pectoralis Minor | Ribs 3-5 | Coracoid process of scapula | Medial pectoral nerve |
ðŠ Arm Muscles
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biceps Brachii | Long head: supraglenoid tubercle; Short head: coracoid process tip | Radial tuberosity (bicipital tuberosity) | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) |
| Coracobrachialis | Coracoid process of scapula | Medial aspect of midshaft of humerus | Musculocutaneous nerve |
| Brachialis | Distal 1/3 anterior surface of humerus | Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) |
| Triceps Brachii | Long head: infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head: posterior humerus (above radial groove); Medial head: posterior humerus (below radial groove) | Olecranon of ulna | Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8) |
| Anconeus | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Lateral surface of olecranon | Radial nerve |
ðïļ Forearm - Anterior (Flexor) Compartment
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pronator Teres | Medial epicondyle (humeral head) + coronoid process (ulnar head) | Lateral surface of mid-radius | Median nerve |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | Medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon) | Base of 2nd (and 3rd) metacarpal | Median nerve |
| Palmaris Longus | Medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon) | Palmar aponeurosis | Median nerve |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Medial epicondyle + posterior ulna (olecranon to distal 2/3) | Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal | Ulnar nerve |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) | Medial epicondyle, coronoid process, anterior radius | Middle phalanx of fingers 2-5 (splits to allow FDP passage) | Median nerve |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) | Anterior and medial ulna + interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of fingers 2-5 | Median (lateral half) + Ulnar (medial half) |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus | Anterior surface of radius + interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of thumb | Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median) |
| Pronator Quadratus | Anterior distal ulna | Anterior distal radius | Anterior interosseous nerve |
ðïļ Forearm - Posterior (Extensor) Compartment
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brachioradialis | Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | Styloid process of radius | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL) | Lateral supracondylar ridge | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB) | Lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) | Base of 3rd metacarpal | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Extensor Digitorum | Lateral epicondyle | Extensor expansion of fingers 2-5 (middle + distal phalanges) | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi | Lateral epicondyle | Extensor expansion of little finger | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Lateral epicondyle + posterior ulna | Base of 5th metacarpal | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Supinator | Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, ulna | Lateral surface of proximal radius | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus | Posterior middle 1/3 of ulna + interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of thumb | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis | Posterior distal radius + interosseous membrane | Proximal phalanx of thumb | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus | Posterior ulna, radius + interosseous membrane | Base of 1st metacarpal | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Extensor Indicis | Posterior distal ulna + interosseous membrane | Extensor expansion of index finger | Posterior interosseous nerve |
â Intrinsic Hand Muscles
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis | Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium | Lateral base of proximal phalanx of thumb | Median nerve (recurrent branch) |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis | Flexor retinaculum, trapezium | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb | Median nerve (superficial head) |
| Opponens Pollicis | Flexor retinaculum, trapezium | Lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal shaft | Median nerve |
| Adductor Pollicis | Oblique head: capitate + bases of 2nd-3rd metacarpals; Transverse head: palmar surface of 3rd metacarpal | Medial base of proximal phalanx of thumb | Ulnar nerve (deep branch) |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi | Pisiform | Medial base of proximal phalanx of little finger | Ulnar nerve |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis | Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum | Base of proximal phalanx of little finger | Ulnar nerve |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi | Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum | Medial aspect of 5th metacarpal | Ulnar nerve |
| Lumbricals (1st & 2nd) | Lateral 2 tendons of FDP | Lateral extensor expansion of fingers 2-3 | Median nerve |
| Lumbricals (3rd & 4th) | Medial 3 tendons of FDP | Lateral extensor expansion of fingers 4-5 | Ulnar nerve |
| Dorsal Interossei (4) | Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate) | Proximal phalanges + extensor expansion (abduct fingers) | Ulnar nerve |
| Palmar Interossei (3) | Palmar surface of 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals | Proximal phalanges + extensor expansion (adduct fingers) | Ulnar nerve |
ð Key Memory Aids
- Rotator cuff = SITS: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
- Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) = origin of FCR, FCU, FDS, palmaris longus, pronator teres
- Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle) = origin of ECRB, EDC, EDM, ECU - irritation here = "tennis elbow"
- "All for one" rule for FDP: Median nerve to lateral 2 digits, ulnar nerve to medial 2 digits
- Lumbricals vs Interossei: Both flex MCPJs and extend IPJs; dorsal interossei ABduct (DAB), palmar interossei ADduct (PAD)
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