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Urology & Nephrology - All Questions in English

Question 1. What laboratory methods of research are carried out in the diagnosis of trophoblastic tumors of the uterus?

A) Determination of hCG and troph B-globulin ✓
B) Determination of body mass index
C) Determination of alkaline phosphatase and AFP
D) Gynecological examination
E) Hysteroscopy

Question 2. What is a risk factor for premature birth?

A) Large fetus
B) Arterial hypertension
C) Primiparous woman
D) Obesity
E) Smoking ✓

Question 3. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room of the renal center with complaints of lower back pain, fever up to 39.0°C with chills, frequent urination, and pain during urination. What changes will be seen in the urinalysis? (3 answers)

A) Proteinuria up to 1.0 g/l ✓
B) Leukocyturia ✓
C) Bacteriuria ✓
D) Cylindruria
E) Macrohematuria
F) Lymphocyturia

Question 4. A 29-year-old patient complains of an increase in body temperature up to 38.5°C, pain in the lumbar region, and frequent urination. Urine test: specific gravity 1015, protein 0.99 g/l, WBC 30-15, bacteria +++. What changes in the blood test will the patient have? (2 answers)

A) Leukocytosis ✓
B) Increased ESR ✓
C) Leucopenia
D) Decreased ESR
E) Anemia
F) Erythrocytosis

Question 5. A 30-year-old female patient has low back pain, pollacuria, stranguria, T-37.5°C, and general weakness. What is the treatment?

Antibiotics ✓

Question 6. The patient notes a decrease in the amount of urine to 400 ml over the last 20 hours. Define this symptom:

A) Pyuria
B) Anuria
C) Ishuria
D) Polyuria
E) Oliguria ✓

Question 7. The frequency of male infertility is:

40-30%

Question 8. A patient has come to the urologist's reception with complaints of an increase in the left half of the scrotum. The local picture is shown in the figure. What diagnostic method is demonstrated?

Diaphanoscopy ✓

Question 9. Which anomaly of the penis can you see in the picture? What is your preliminary diagnosis?

A) Epispadias
B) Penile rupture
C) Micropenis
D) Hypospadias

Question 10. A 62-year-old patient over the last two years has noted a gradual painful increase in the volume of the left half of the scrotum by 3 times. The skin is not changed. Palpation: elastic consistency, uniform, painless, the spermatic cord is not differentiated. Diaphanoscopy sign is positive. What is the diagnosis?

A) Cyst of the epididymis of the left testis
B) Dropsy (hydrocele) of the left testis ✓
C) Tumor of the left testis
D) Inguinal-scrotal hernia on the left
E) Acute orchoepididymitis on the left

Question 11. (Image-based: scrotal ultrasound) What does this ultrasound image of the scrotum show?

Question 12. A 24-year-old patient complains of episodic dull pain in the left genital area of the scrotum that occurs after physical exertion. The local picture is shown in the figure below. What is your diagnosis?

A) Varicose veins of the spermatic cord on the left (varicocele) ✓
B) Inguinal hernia on the left

Question 13. A 60-year-old patient complains of heaviness in the lower back, general weakness, dry mouth, headaches, and increased blood pressure. She has been constantly taking analgesics and NSAIDs for 15 years. BP 150/100 mm Hg. Urinalysis: protein 0.99 g/l, specific gravity 1006, WBC 10-15, RBC 8-10, hyaline cylinders 2-3. What part of the kidney is affected? (2 answers)

A) Tubules ✓
B) Interstitium ✓
C) Glomeruli
D) Basement membrane

Question 14. (Image-based: bladder X-ray) What does this X-ray image show?

Bladder calculus (stone)

Question 15. What is used for prevention of congenital malformations of the central nervous system?

Sedative agent / Folic acid supplementation

Question 16. A patient complains about the absence of menstruation for 2 months, lack of appetite, and nausea. What is the diagnosis?

A) Pregnancy 7 weeks
B) Pregnancy 4 weeks
C) Pregnancy 8 weeks

Question 17. What are the reasons for the development of edema in nephrotic syndrome? (2 correct answers)

A) Decreased glomerular filtration
B) Protein loss in urine ✓
C) Violation of vascular permeability ✓
D) Lowering blood cholesterol level

Question 18. (Image-based: urography) What does this image show?

A) Excretory urography, doubling of the ureter
B) Cystography, doubling of the ureter
C) Overview urography, double kidney
D) Retrograde urography, double kidney

Question 19. What mechanism causes edema in nephrotic syndrome? (cardiovascular/hemodynamics)

A) An increase in the volume of circulating blood
B) Reduction in blood viscosity
C) Increased peripheral vascular resistance
D) A decrease in the volume of circulating blood
E) Reduction of the stroke volume of blood

Question 20. What does the classic triad of symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include? (3 correct answers)

A) Swelling (edema)
B) Dyspnea
C) Hypertension
D) Hematuria
E) Palpitations (heartbeat)

Question 21. (Gynecological mirror exam) When examined with a mirror, the doctor noted positive signs. What timing does this correspond to?

A) At the time of menstruation
B) 3 weeks ago
C) Delayed menstruation

Question 22. In women with gynecological diseases, what needs to be determined during history-taking?

Question 23. A patient complains of pain in the lower part of the abdomen and frequent urination. An X-ray examination has been performed. What is the diagnosis?

A) Chronic prostatitis
B) Bladder rupture
C) Acute prostatitis

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Note: The PDF is a photo-based exam (screenshots of an online quiz platform). Some questions were partially cut off at the edges of the screen, and a few image-only questions could not be fully transcribed without the associated clinical images. All English text that was visible has been extracted and formatted above, with correct answers marked ✓ where they were visible.

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All Questions in English with Correct Answers

Question 1. What laboratory methods of research are carried out in the diagnosis of trophoblastic tumors of the uterus?

A) Determination of hCG and troph B-globulin ✓
B) Determination of body mass index
C) Determination of alkaline phosphatase and AFP
D) Gynecological examination
E) Hysteroscopy

Question 2. What is a risk factor for premature birth?

A) Large fetus
B) Arterial hypertension
C) Primiparous woman
D) Obesity
E) Smoking ✓

Question 3. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of lower back pain, fever up to 39.0°C with chills, frequent and painful urination. What changes will be seen in the urinalysis? (3 answers)

A) Proteinuria up to 1.0 g/l ✓
B) Leukocyturia ✓
C) Bacteriuria ✓
D) Cylindruria
E) Macrohematuria
F) Lymphocyturia

Question 4. A 29-year-old patient complains of fever up to 38.5°C, pain in the lumbar region, and frequent urination. Urine test: specific gravity 1015, protein 0.99 g/l, WBC 30-15, bacteria +++. What changes will be in the blood test? (2 answers)

A) Leukocytosis ✓
B) Increased ESR ✓
C) Leucopenia
D) Decreased ESR
E) Anemia
F) Erythrocytosis

Question 5. A 30-year-old female patient has low back pain, pollacuria, stranguria, T-37.5°C, general weakness. What is the treatment?

A) Antibiotics ✓

Question 6. The patient notes a decrease in the amount of urine to 400 ml over the last 20 hours. Define this symptom:

A) Pyuria
B) Anuria
C) Ishuria
D) Polyuria
E) Oliguria ✓

Question 7. A 32-year-old patient has pain in the left half of the scrotum, an increase in its size, the skin of the scrotum is hyperemic, and body temperature is elevated. What instrumental investigation needs to be done?

A) Ultrasound of the scrotum ✓
B) Urethrascopy
C) Scrotal venography
D) Survey X-ray of the pelvis
E) Bladder cystoscopy

Question 8. A patient came to the urologist with complaints of an increase in the left half of the scrotum. The local picture is shown in the figure (transillumination demonstrated). What diagnostic procedure is shown?

Diaphanoscopy ✓

Question 9. Which anomaly of the penis can you see in the picture? What is your preliminary diagnosis?

A) Epispadias ✓
B) Penile rupture
C) Micropenis
D) Hypospadias
E) Hermaphroditism

Question 10. A 62-year-old patient over the last two years has noted a gradual painful increase in the volume of the left half of the scrotum by 3 times. The skin is not changed. Palpation: elastic consistency, uniform, painless; the spermatic cord is not differentiated. Diaphanoscopy sign is positive. What is the diagnosis?

A) Cyst of the epididymis of the left testis
B) Dropsy (hydrocele) of the left testis ✓
C) Tumor of the left testis
D) Inguinal-scrotal hernia on the left
E) Acute orchoepididymitis on the left

Question 11. A 20-year-old girl was examined by a gynecologist. No complaints. When examined with mirrors, the doctor noted positive pupil symptoms and cervical mucus tension. Determine the approximate date of the last menstrual period:

A) The middle of the cycle ✓
B) 8th day of menstruation
C) 1 week ago
D) 3 weeks ago
E) Delayed menstruation

A) Varicose veins of the spermatic cord on the left (varicocele) ✓
B) Inguinal hernia on the left

Question 13. A 60-year-old patient complains of heaviness in the lower back, general weakness, dry mouth, headaches, and increased blood pressure. She has been taking analgesics and NSAIDs constantly for 15 years. BP 150/100 mm Hg. Urinalysis: protein 0.99 g/l, specific gravity 1006, WBC 10-15, RBC 8-10, hyaline cylinders 2-3. What part of the kidney is affected by this disease? (2 answers)

A) Tubules ✓
B) Interstitium ✓
C) Glomeruli
D) Basement membrane

Question 14. (X-ray image shown - large radiopaque shadow in the bladder region) What does this X-ray image show?

Bladder calculus (stone) ✓

Question 15. For what purpose is a pregnant woman prescribed 0.4 mg folic acid daily during the first trimester?

A) Vitamin therapy
B) Prevention of anemia ✓
C) Prevention of preeclampsia
D) Prevention of congenital malformations of the central nervous system
E) Sedative agent

Question 16. A 16-year-old girl turned to a gynecologist with complaints of heavy, prolonged menstruation for 6 months. From the anamnesis she had measles, after which she notes these complaints. Determine the type of menstrual irregularity:

A) Hyperpolymenorrhea
B) Dysmenorrhea ✓
C) Abnormal uterine bleeding
D) Amenorrhea
E) Opsomenorrhea

Question 17. What are the reasons for the development of edema in nephrotic syndrome? (2 correct answers)

A) Decreased glomerular filtration
B) Protein loss in urine ✓
C) Violation of vascular permeability ✓
D) Lowering blood cholesterol level

Question 18. Select a laboratory study that counts the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and cylinders in 1 ml of urine:

A) Urine analysis according to Zimnitsky
B) Microflora urine analysis
C) Urine analysis according to Nechiporenko ✓
D) General urine analysis
E) Biochemical analysis of urine

Question 19. (Image shown: excretory urography with a duplicated ureter) Specify the research method and interpret this image:

A) Excretory urography, doubling of the ureter ✓
B) CT with contrast, double kidney
C) Cystography, doubling of the ureter
D) Overview urography, double kidney
E) Retrograde urography, double kidney

Question 20. What does the classic triad of symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include? (3 correct answers)

A) Swelling (edema) ✓
B) Dyspnea
C) Hypertension ✓
D) Hematuria ✓
E) Palpitations (heartbeat)

Question 21. Patient I., 20 years old, turned to an obstetrician-gynecologist with complaints about the absence of menstruation for 2 months, lack of appetite, sometimes vomiting. During objective examination, the uterus is enlarged to the size of a goose egg. What is your diagnosis?

A) Pregnancy 6 weeks
B) Pregnancy 10 weeks
C) Pregnancy 7 weeks ✓
D) Pregnancy 4 weeks
E) Pregnancy 8 weeks

Question 22. At the opening of the cervix... separates the phase. At the opening of the cervix during labor, the ... phase is separated:

A) Retraction
B) Latent ✓
C) Slow down
D) Active
E) Contraction

Question 23. Opening of the cervix during the first delivery is in the active phase. The rate of cervical dilation is:

A) 1 - 1.5 cm/h
B) 0 - 0.5 cm/h
C) 1.5-2 cm/h
D) 2 - 2.5 cm/h ✓
E) 0.5 - 1 cm/h

Question 24. 7 hours after the onset of labor, the woman who gave birth again began to lose amniotic fluid and attempts. During vaginal examination: the cervix is fully dilated, there is no fetal bladder, the fetal head is between the sacral hollow and coccyx; the suture is not palpable. What is the fetal head position?

A) In the narrow part of the small pelvis
B) In the pelvic cavity
C) At the entrance of the small pelvis
D) Pressed against the entrance to the small pelvis
E) In the wide part of the small pelvis ✓ (head between sacral hollow and coccyx)

Question 25. The frequency of visits to the obstetrician during physiological pregnancy is ... times:

A) 1 every 2 weeks / 1 in 2 weeks
B) 2 per month / 2 per month
C) 14-16
D) 4
E) 1 per month ✓

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